Mass Production System Research Articles

Amblydromalus limonicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) as a biocontrol agent: literature review and new findings

Amblydromalus limonicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was described in 1956 from citrus in California; its distribution range covers North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. It first caught the attention of biocontrol workers in the 1960s as natural enemy of the spider mites Oligonychus punicae and Tetranychus cinnabarinus in avocados and other fruit trees. In laboratory studies, A. limonicus developed into adults and laid eggs on several species of mites, thrips, whiteflies and scale insects, as well as on pollen. Interest into A. limonicus re-emerged in the early 1990s after the western flower thrips (WFT, Frankliniella occidentalis) had spread nearly all over the world. It was collected during surveys for WFT biocontrol agents in New Zealand and Australia. Laboratory and semi-field experiments in the Netherlands and Australia showed that A. limonicus was a very promising candidate for biological control of WFT in several greenhouse crops. However, it was not possible to establish a commercially viable mass rearing system. At around the same time A. limonicus was also identified in surveys in South America for classical biocontrol agents for the cassava green mite (Mononychellus tanajoa) in Africa. Detailed taxonomic research showed, however, that the mites collected in these surveys were a closely related, undescribed species that was given the name Amblydromalus manihoti in 1994. Recently, a mass production system for A. limonicus was developed and the mite became commercially available in January 2012. With the material from this mass production system, more semi-field and field trials could be conducted. Results showed that A. limonicus is also an excellent biocontrol agent for greenhouse whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) in various greenhouse crops including roses, cucumbers and strawberries. As this predatory mite originates from more temperate areas, it is a good complement to Amblyseius swirskii, which is currently the most frequently used phytoseiid in thrips and whitefly control, and Transeius montdorensis, which also recently came on the market. Both species originate from sub-tropical regions and have a higher optimum temperature than A. limonicus.

무기체계개발에서 제약사항 분석을 통한 상용부품(COTS) 적용 방안 연구

Abstract As a concept that commercial parts are applied to weapon systems, Commercial Off-The-Shelf(COTS) was not well-received at a time when defense technology led commercial technology. However, the exponential growth of IT and the rapid expansion of commercial industry have made possible to make the cost low through mass production system within a short period, and the benefit of cost and schedule has been highlighted, triggering commercial parts to be applied to weapon systems. In order for commercial technology to be used in defense weapon systems, its performance in an extremely restricted condition of combat environment should be guaranteed. Generally, commercial parts have fundamental limitation in that the design and production requirements for commercial parts are different from those for the military. Therefore, it is required to confirm that commercial parts can be used for weapon systems through the approach of system engineering. This study presents the process tailored to characteristics of marine defense system and the method of analyzing its restricted condition in order to apply COTS to marine defense system. The study classifies the restricted conditions into general and special environments, suggests detailed process, and suggests useful tools to select appropriate items adapted to these restricted conditions in the commercial market. Lastly, as a case study for COTS applied to marine defense system, the study finds out the analysis results of application of COTS and restricted conditions of the warship electric system.

No pain, no gain?: Dissatisfied female consumers’ anecdotes with footwear products

The purpose of this research was to identify the key determinants that evoke consumer dissatisfaction with footwear, within the framework of the expectancy-disconfirmation paradigm. Particular attention was directed towards the pre-purchase decision-making factors and post-purchase wearing behaviour. Thirteen participants were recruited through the snowball sampling method and data were collected from in-depth interviews with each participant. This study identified six external variables and three internal factors in the pre-purchase stage that affect consumer expectations for footwear product performance. In the post-purchase stage, results revealed that consumers make a continuous compromise between the ideal and reality and paradigm shifts may occur regarding consumer satisfaction. The findings of this study urge the footwear industry to recognise fundamental issues with the current system of mass production and exploit innovative solutions to provide quality products and services to consumers who are not yet satisfied.

Nondestructive monitoring of carotenogenesis in Haematococcus pluvialis via whole-cell optical density spectra

We investigated the feasibility of rapid, nondestructive assay of carotenoid-to-chlorophyll (Car/Chl) ratio and total carotenoids (Car) in cell suspensions of the carotenogenic chlorophyte Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow under stressful conditions. Whole-cell spectra are characterized by variable nonlinear contributions of Car and chlorophylls (Chl), with a strong influence of Car packaging and sieve effect inherent to stressed H. pluvialis cells. Nevertheless, nondestructive assay of Car/Chl in the range of 0.55-31.2 (Car content up to 188 mg L(-1); 5.4 % of the cell dry weight) turned to be achievable with a simple spectrophotometer lacking an integrating sphere upon deposition of the cells on glass fiber filters. The scattering-corrected optical density (OD) in the blue-green region of the whole-cell spectrum, normalized to that in the red maximum of Chl absorption (OD500/OD678), was tightly related (r (2) = 0.96) with the Car/Chl ratio found in extracts. Some features such as the amplitude and position of the minimum of the normalized first-derivative OD whole-cell spectra also exhibited a strong (r (2) > 0.90) nonlinear correlation with Car/Chl. These spectral indices were also tightly related with Car, but the slope of the relationship varied with the stressor intensity. The importance of calibration over the widest possible range of pigment contents and a correct choice of biomass load per filter are emphasized. The advantages and limitations of nondestructive monitoring of carotenogenesis in H. pluvialis are discussed in view of its possible application in optical sensors for laboratory cultivation and mass production systems of the algae.

A Reuse Evaluation for Solar-Cell Silicon Wafers via Shift Revolution and Tool Rotation Using Magnetic Assistance in Ultrasonic Electrochemical Micromachining

A new reuse fabrication using a tool module with rotation and revolution through a process of magnetic assistance in ultrasonic electrochemical micromachining (UEMM) for removal of the surface layers from silicon wafers of solar cells is demonstrated. The target of the proposed reuse fabrication method is to replace the current approach, which uses strong acid and grinding and may damage the physical structure of silicon wafers and pollute to the environment. A precisely engineered clean production approach to removal of surface microstructure layers from silicon wafers is to develop a mass production system for recycling defective or discarded silicon wafers of solar cells that can reduce pollution and cost. The high revolution speed of the shift with the high rotation speed of the designed tool increases the discharge mobility and improves the removal effect associated with the high feed rate of the workpiece. High frequency and high power of ultrasonic with large electrolyte flow rate and high magnetic strengths with a small distance between the two magnets provide a large discharge effect and good removal; only a short period of time is required to remove the epoxy film and Si3N4layer easily and cleanly.

From JIT to Seru, for a Production as Lean as Possible

Lean Manufacturing is not especially new. It derives from the Toyota Production System or Just In Time Production (JIT), but even before from Henry Ford and other predecessors. Based on analysis of mass production systems in USA, Toyota engineers began to incorporate Ford production and other techniques into the JIT approach: they recognized the central role of inventory. JIT is fit for a stable, but not “volatile”, business environment such as that which the electronics industry belongs. That means short product life cycles and fluctuating production. Seru Seisan, a new production organization, was developed to cope with this environment. Outside Japan, however, few people in the academic and practical area are aware of such production management mode. This work gives an interpretation of the evolution from JIT towards Seru Seisan such as to attract the interest in this labor organization that appears to be promising.

현탁배양을 통한 땃두릅나무의 체세포배 유도

This study was carried out to select the appropriate medium (especially, carbon and nitrogen source, potassium phosphate and pH) for somatic embryogenesis in order to develop the rapid mass production system in suspension culture of Oplopanax elatus Nakai. Direct somatic embryos were obtained from root explants in the hormone free suspension culture (MS). Combination of NH₄NO₃ and KNO₃ at the ratio of 1650 (㎎/ℓ ) : 1900 (㎎/ℓ ) obtained the better result to produce somatic embryo in suspension culture. MS medium supplemented with 170 ㎎/ℓ KH₂PO₄. The addition of 1 and 3% sucrose was effective for formation of embryogenic callus. Therefore, this report will be helped to improve the establishment for suspension culture in Oplopanax elatus Nakai.

Comparison of signal peptides for efficient protein secretion in the baculovirus-silkworm system

AbstractThe baculovirus-silkworm expression system is widely used as a mass production system for recombinant secretory proteins. However, the final yields of some recombinant proteins are not sufficient for industrial use. In this study, we focused on the signal peptide as a key factor for improving the efficiency of protein production. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) translocation of newly synthesized proteins is the first stage of the secretion pathway; therefore, the selection of an efficient signal peptide would lead to the efficient secretion of recombinant proteins. The Drosophila Bip and honeybee melittin signal peptides have often been used in this system, but to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study comparing secretion efficiency between exogenous and endogenous signal peptides. In this study we employed signal peptides from 30K Da and SP2 proteins as endogenous signals, and compared secretion efficiency with those of exogenous or synthetic origins. We have found that the endogenous secretory signal from the 30K Da protein is the most efficient for recombinant secretory protein production in the baculovirus-silkworm expression system.

케이스 스터디 하우스의 지역화된 모더니즘에 관한 연구

The case study house program has been researched as an example of residential architecture exhibition which represents the industrialized modernism influenced by europe architecture for having characteristics of modular system for mass production, technical experiments and universal space. This study analyzes the case study houses from a localized modernism point of view and defines the characteristics of them as various refracted site plan, intergrated interior and exterior space and various regional material use.

NERJIT: Using Net Requirement Data in Kanban‐Controlled Jumbled‐Flow Shops

The bold lines that have separated the application of specific production planning and control techniques to specific production systems are being blurred by continuous advances in production technologies and innovative operational procedures. Oral communication among dispatchers and production units has given way to electronic communication between production planners and these units by continuous progress in information technologies. Current production literature alludes to the idea that, collectively, these advances have paved the way for application of Just‐In‐Time (JIT) production concepts, which were originally developed for mass production systems, in intermittent production systems. But this literature does not actually consider the possibility. This article presents a modification to JIT procedures to make them more suitable for jumbled‐flow shops. This article suggests providing real‐time information about net‐requirements for each product to each work center operator for setting production priorities at each work center. Simulation experiments conducted for this study show that using Net‐Requirements in JIT (NERJIT) reduces customer wait time by 45–60% while reducing inventory slightly. The analysis of work centers’ input and output stock‐point inventories shows that using the information about net‐requirements results in production of items that are in current demand. NERJIT results in smaller input stock‐point inventory and availability of products with higher priority in the output stock‐points of work centers.

New type non-lantibiotic bacteriocins: circular and leaderless bacteriocins

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides that are ribosomally synthesised by bacteria. Bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria, are under focus as the next generation of safe natural biopreservatives and as therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics. Recently, two novel types of non-lantibiotic class II bacteriocins have been reported with unique characteristics in their structure and biosynthesis mechanism. One is a circular bacteriocin that contains a head-to-tail structure in the mature form, and the other is a leaderless bacteriocin without an N-terminal extension in the precursor peptide. A circular structure can provide the peptide with remarkable stability against various stresses; indeed, circular bacteriocins are known to possess higher stability than general linear bacteriocins. Leaderless bacteriocins are distinct from general bacteriocins, because they do not contain N-terminal leader sequences, which are responsible for the recognition process during secretion and for inactivation of bacteriocins inside producer cells. Leaderless bacteriocins do not require any post-translational processing for activity. These two novel types of bacteriocins are promising antimicrobial compounds, and their biosynthetic mechanisms are expected to be applied in synthetic biology to design new peptides and for new mass production systems. However, many questions remain about their biosynthesis. In this review, we introduce recent studies on these types of bacteriocins and their potential to open a new world of antimicrobial peptides.

롤투롤 전자인쇄 시스템에서 Nip Roll 의 특성에 따른 인쇄 패턴의 품질에 대한 매칭기술 연구

최근 RFID, 유연디스플레이, 태양전지, 전자 종이 등의 소자를 프린팅 방식을 이용하여 생산하려는 연구가 활발하게 진행 되고 있다. 이런 방식이 기존의 노광기술과 식각기술에 의존하는 반도체 공정에 비해 가격 경쟁력에서 우수하기 때문이다. 특히 RFID, 유연디스플레이, 태양전지. 전자 종이 등은 유연성과 대량생산을 필요로 하기 때문에 롤투롤(roll to roll)공정과 같은 저가격화, 대형생산화에 관심이 집중되고 있다. 이 롤투롤 기술을 사용하기 위해서는 인쇄 패턴의 빠른 구현, 표면 균일도, 두께 등의 높은 인쇄 품질이 보장 되어야 한다. 본 연구는 실험계획법(Design of Experiment)을 적용하여 인자들의 주효과와 교호작용 효과를 분석하고, 롤투롤 전자인쇄 시스템에서 닙 롤의 특성에 따른 인쇄 품질의 영향과 인쇄 품질의 향상 방안을 찾기 위한 매칭기술을 제안 하였다.

Valuation of increased production system performance by integrated production systems

Since the 1990s a transition from mass production systems to integrated production systems has been taking place. Realising the potential of integrated production systems to reduce costs by avoiding waste, more and more companies follow the example of Toyota and try to increase their production systems’ performance by applying lean elements and methods. However, the lack of a holistic methodology to forecast the profitability of the application of lean elements and methods impedes the justification of necessary investments. This paper presents an approach developed at the Institute of Production Science of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology to valuate the increased performance of a production system by lean elements and methods. By simulating and optimising the analysed production system, the ideal combination of lean methods can be identified. Key performance indicators of the real and ideal states of the production system can then be used to quantify the effects of the ideal combination of lean methods.

China’s Internet lexicon: Symbolic meaning and commoditization of Grass Mud Horse in the harmonious society

There is a long history of the Chinese concept of Internet regulation, which emphasizes stability and unity for a harmonious society and strong technical control. “Grass Mud Horse” (草泥马), a vulgar expression similar to an obscene curse word, has, since early 2009, been used by the country’s Internet users as a political parody in response to their government’s campaign of building a harmonious socialist society. “Grass Mud Horse” has later been fashioned into the name of a storybook character, and has spawned music videos and faux documentaries. Its themed merchandise, such as plush toys, is being sold over the Internet. This study sets out to examine the transformation of “Grass Mud Horse” into the mass production of cultural goods created and disseminated through the Internet. It argues that the exchange values of “Grass Mud Horse” represent the equivalent relation between commodities, symbols, and popular culture. While “Grass Mud Horse” has been commoditized by the increasing usage of popular culture; this is also the system of mass production and the homogenizing regime of capital, which produces mass desires, tastes, and behavior rather than valid social movements.

Expression of Anti-breast Cancer Monoclonal Antibody in Transgenic Plant

BACKGROUND: Plant expression system for mass production of recombinant proteins has several advantages over other existing expression systems with economical and safety issues. Breast cancer is a cancer originating from breast tissue and comprises almost 25% of all cancers in women world widely. Lewis-Y antigen is difucosylated oligosaccharide and is carried by glycoconjugates at cancer cell surface. In this study, the anti-breast cancer mAb BR55, which recognizes the epitope Lewis-Y, was expressed in the plant expression system. METHODS AND RESULTS: We have developed plant system for production of mAb BR55 with or without KDEL (the ER retention signal). This ER retention signal was attached to C-terminus of protein to help retain the recombinant glycoprotein carrying oligomannose glycans and enhance glycoprotein accumulation. PCR analysis was performed and confirmed the presence of recombinant genes. Western blot validated that the recombinant proteins mAb BR55 with or without KDEL were expressed in transgenic plants, moreover, the expression level of the mAb BR55 with KDEL was higher compared to the mAb BR55 without KDEL. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that KDEL fusion is a good way to produce proteins and plant can be an ideal expression system to obtain proteins and enhance accumulation of proteins.

Design of Thin Films Removal on Solar-Cells Silicon-Wafers Surface

In this study, the design of the mechanism of a recycling system using composite electrochemical and chemical machining for removing the surface layers from silicon wafers of solar cells is studied. The reason for constructing a new engineering technology and developing a clean production approach to perform the removal of surface thin film layers from silicon wafers is to develop a mass production system for recycling defective or discarded silicon wafers of solar cells that can reduce pollution. The goal of the development is to replace the current approach, which uses strong acid and grinding and may cause damage to the physical structure of silicon wafers and cause pollution to the environment, to efficiently meet the requirements of industry for low cost. It can not only perform highly efficient recycling of silicon wafers from discarded solar cells to facilitate the following remelting and crystal pulling process, but can also recycle defective silicon wafers during the fabrication process of solar cells for rework. A small gap width between cathode and workpiece, higher temperature, higher concentration, or higher flow rate of machining fluid corresponds to a higher removal rate for Si3N4 layer and epoxy film. Pulsed direct current can improve the effect of dregs discharge and is advantageous to associate with the fast feed rate of workpiece, but raises the current rating. A higher feed rate of silicon wafers of solar cells combine with enough electric power produces fast machining performance. The electrochemical and chemical machining just needs quite short time to make the Si3N4 layer and epoxy film remove easily and cleanly. An effective and low-cost recycle process for silicon wafers of solar cells is presented.

Design by customer: concept and applications

Customer satisfaction can be increased by reducing the gap between what customer really needs (customer requirements) and what manufacturer can provide (product specifications). The approach of Design for Customer where products are generated by translating customer needs into product specifications (in mass production system) or into product variety (in mass customization system) is not able to give optimum satisfaction to all customers. Some customers are still forced to relax their requirements and to accept predefined product in the assortment. This study proposes a new concept of Design by Customer to increase customer satisfaction by opening maximum possible channel for customers to involve in value creation so that they are no longer only searching for goods but they can also, when necessary, involve in production cycle to specify their own design. In order to ensure the viability of the proposed concept, the integration of multi customer involvement decoupling point, product attribute analysis, crowdscreening and new manufacturing strategy are introduced in this paper. Real products of resin-based table clocks are used as practical example to verify the concept applicability and to demonstrate its merit.

The Hybrid Production System and the Birth of the Japanese Specialized Industry: Watch Production at Hattori & Co. (1900–1960)

This paper analyzes the emergence of Japanese specialized industry, taking the production of Seiko watches at Hattori & Co. in the first half of the twentieth century as an example. It shows that the competitiveness of this industry, which established itself on the world market during the 1960s, was due to a process of technological hybridization between the American mass production system and the Swiss specialized production system. Starting in the 1910s and 1920s, Hattori selected a few high-precision Swiss watches and set itself the goal of producing them in mass using imported machine tools. Yet this hybrid production system ran into problems because parts were not interchangeable, as a result of which assembly continued along traditional lines until the end of the Second World War. It was only when the company hired many production engineers who had graduated from Japanese engineering faculties and when it began to work with outside research institutions, such as the Department of Precision Engineering of the University of Tokyo, that Hattori was able to implement fully a hybrid production system in the 1950s.

DEVELOPMENT OF LED LIDS FOR TISSUE CULTURE LIGHTING

DEVELOPMENT OF LED LIDS FOR TISSUE CULTURE LIGHTING

59.2: Development of Ni Sputtering System for Mass Production of Large AMOLED TV Based on SGS Technology

Abstract‘Super Grain Silicon’ (SGS) technology, a non‐laser crystallization method, to fabricate LTPS TFT backplane for large AMOLED TV is known to require an extremely small amounts of Ni (1012∼14 atoms/cm2) deposited onto a‐Si thin film. We developed the world's first, prototype generation 6 (Gen 6, 1,500 × 1,850 mm) Ni sputtering system for SGS method. For such sputtering system to be employed for mass production, we should confirm the main performances of the system such as the uniformity of Ni distribution, the controllability, and reproducibility of Ni deposition. In this work, we revealed that the grain size of SGS poly‐Si ranged from about 10 μm to about 130 μm by controlling some of main factors such as the substrate moving speed and the electrical power density of Ni target. The sputtering system also showed an excellent reproducibility of average value of 30 μm with a variation of ±5 μm for 43 substrates. At this time, the crystallization of SGS poly‐Si was over 88%, and the grain size uniformity was less than 10% within Gen 6 substrate area. In addition to the performance of the system, we will discuss its basic concepts and potentials to be used as a system for mass production of AMOLED TV on large substrates such as Gen 8 (2,200 × 2500 mm) to Gen 11 (3,000 × 3,200 mm).