Inhomogeneous Mass Research Articles

Ovarian remnant syndrome after laparoscopic ovariectomy in a cat

The first case of accidental implantation of ovarian tissue at the port site after laparoscopic ovariectomy in a cat was described. A 2-year-old, spayed female, domestic cat showed recurrent behavioral oestrus signs (vocalization, increased playfulness, and lordosis) four months after laparoscopic ovariectomy. Abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral endometrial hyperplasia and an inhomogeneous mass attached to the abdominal wall at the port site of previous laparoscopic ovariectomy. Ovarian remnant syndrome was supposed. Diagnostic laparoscopy confirmed the presence of a mass that was 2 cm in diameter and macroscopically similar to ovarian tissue. Laparoscopy was converted to laparotomy to remove the abnormal tissue and the uterus. Histopathological findings showed follicles of various maturation stages in the mass, and confirmed endometrial hyperplasia. Histology underscored that ovarian remnant tissue resumed function. No clinical signs consistent with ovarian remnant syndrome were reported six months after removal of the abnormal tissue. In conclusion, removal of the ovaries through the laparoscopic port site may cause fortuitous ovarian tissue implantation at the abdominal wall in the cat.

Features of the Fossil Tidal Bulge Formation for the Early Moon

The limitations imposed on the orbit and the distribution of the density of the early Moon by present-day measurements of its fossil tidal bulge are studied. A semi-analytical method has been developed for calculating gravitational potentials, which makes it possible to investigate the equi-potential surfaces of a self gravitating inhomogeneous mass in an external field. Universal expressions are obtained for the two-layer mantle-crust model of the early Moon, which makes it possible to make general estimates of the density of the upper crust and semiaxes of its orbit in the case of tidal capture by the Earth.

Wünderlich sindrom kao prva manifestacija karcinoma bubrega – prikaz slučaja

Aim: To present a case with spontaneous, non-traumatic, perirenal haemorrhage (Wunderlich syndrome) as a first manifestation of renal cell carcinoma. Case report: A 37-year-old female was admitted to the emergency unit with sudden and severe pain in the left lumbar area of abdomen. She has normal voiding, without macrohaematuria or trauma in her medical history. Because of her generally instable state she was referred to emergency multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) exam of the abdomen and pelvis which reveals inhomogeneous mass in the upper pole of the left kidney. Radiology report indicated perirenal haemorrhage most likely caused by an angiomyolipoma. The patient was operated on by urologist who performed a partial nephrectomy of the left kidney and evacuation of haematoma. Samples were taken for histopathology and cromophobe renal cell carcinoma which caused the perirenal haemorrhage was diagnosed. Our patient is controlled on regular basis, without signs of tumour recurrence. Conclusion: Wunderlich syndrome as the first manifestation of renal cell carcinoma is a very rare but life-threatening manifestation of renal cancer that warrants urgent surgery. MSCT of the abdomen and pelvis is a method of choice in haemodynamically unstable patients with acute abdominal/lumbar pain.

Modeling influence of fault zone on stress distribution in rock mass with regard to the accumulated elastic energy

Based on the mathematical model of structurally inhomogeneous rock mass, the problem of stress distribution nearby a disjunctive break ahead of the stoping face is considered. The model describes the property of rocks to accumulate elastic energy in the form of internal self-balancing stresses. The problem is solved numerically in the quasi-static formulation using the finite element method. It is shown that the presence of the fault zone can provoke release of the accumulated elastic energy and, thereby, change stress distribution in surrounding rock mass.

Kilonova Emission from Black Hole–Neutron Star Mergers: Observational Signatures of Anisotropic Mass Ejection

The gravitational wave event GW170817 associated with the short gamma-ray burst (GRB) 170817A confirms that binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are one of the origins of short GRBs. The associated kilonova emission, radioactively powered by nucleosynthesized heavy elements, was also detected. Black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) mergers have been argued to be another promising origin candidate of short GRBs and kilonovae. Numerical simulations show that the ejecta in BH-NS mergers is geometrically much more anisotropic than the BNS merger case. In this paper, we investigate observational signatures of kilonova emission from the anisotropic ejecta in BH-NS mergers. We find that a bump appears on the bolometric luminosity light curve due to the inhomogeneous mass distribution in the latitudinal direction. The decay slope of the single-band light curve becomes flatter and the spectrum also deviates from a single-temperature blackbody radiation spectrum due to the gradient in the velocity distribution of the ejecta. Future detection or non-detection of such signatures would be useful to test the mass ejection geometry in BH-NS mergers.

Epigastric Paresthesia: Can It Be This Serious?

Intoduction: Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation caused by an altered sensory pathway anywhere from the peripheral nervous system up to the sensory cortex. Epigastric paresthesia is an unusual presentation that sometimes warrants an extensive workup to rule out any gastrointestinal pathology. In our patient the result of the workup was unexpected. Case Summary: A 58-year-old male with a history of hypertension and diabetes presented to the hospital with epigastric numbness and warmth sensation of 2 weeks duration. His numbness episodes were sudden, lasting 2-3 minutes, starting in the epigastric area, then spreading to the whole abdomen and extremities. These episodes were associated with nausea and vomiting but no abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation. A Computed Tomography (CT) scans of the head, abdomen and pelvis were negative. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was negative for any pathology. Due to the suspicion of seizures, an Electroencephalogram (EEG) was done and showed spikes consistent with seizure tendency. A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain showed focal asymmetric enlargement of the left posterior medial temporal lobe with inhomogeneous mass enhancement concerning for a neoplasm (Figure 1-A, 2-A). A multi-disciplinary discussion including neurology, neurosurgery, and oncology thought that the MRI findings were secondary to enhancement from seizures, but the neoplastic process was not excluded. Patient was discharged on Levetiracetam 750 mg BID, with a scheduled MRI in 4 weeks. The repeat MRI showed increasing size and enhancement of the lesion concerning for a primary brain tumor (Figure 1-B, 2-B). As a result, a stereotactic needle biopsy and laser interstitial thermotherapy were performed, and the pathology showed high-grade glioma. His post-operative course was unremarkable, and he was discharged to follow up with neuro-oncology and neurosurgery. Conclusion: Epigastric paresthesia is a rare presentation, and when it is associated with GI upset it warrants a workup to rule out any GI pathology. Given the seriousness of the diagnosis in our patient, primary brain tumor should be considered with patients presenting with abdominal paresthesia.2477_A Figure 1. A: Brain mass at first presentation B: Brain mass 4 weeks later2477_B Figure 2. A: Brain mass at first presentation B: Brain mass 4 weeks later

OA188] Passive ion beam modulation techniques for particle therapy raster scanning facilities

Purpose Raster scanning particle therapy offers potentially very conformal treatments. Limitation are long irradiation times and a sensitivity to intra-fractional motion. Passive energy modulators with an inhomogeneous mass distribution broaden the width of the mono-energetic Bragg peaks and reduce the accelerator energy shifts needed to homogeneously cover the target and thus the irradiation time. A modulator in clinical use is the 1D ripple filter (RiFi). Newer 2D RiFis improve comparatively the filter mass distribution, reducing the overall lateral beam width with a further reduced irradiation time. For certain cases a 3D RiFi can be designed, which with one energy covers the whole target within seconds. All designs can be produced using 3D printing. Furthermore, porous materials could function like passive energy modulators. Methods This work presents a general overview of these new modulators with focus on experimental data and treatment planning. We show carbon ion treatment plans with 1D and 2D RiFis for spheres in water, 8 NSCLC, 4 chordoma, and 3 prostate cases and proton plans for a 6 mm 2D RiFi compared to no RiFi for spheres and 9 NSCLC cases. A multi-ion facility was assumed and simulated. Baseline data for treatment planning were generated with the Monte Carlo code SHIELD-HIT12A and imported in the treatment planning systems TRiP98 and Eclipse. Results Measured Bragg curves confirm the functionality of the new modulators for protons and carbon ions. For carbon ions, all plans yielded comparable dosimetric results in terms of plan homogeneity and conformity but with up to half the irradiation time for thicker RiFis. For protons, the RiFi offers a similar coverage as without with up to only one-fourth of the necessary accelerator shifts but were found to be most beneficial in treatment cases with reduced nozzle-to-treatment-isocenter distance. Plan homogeneity and conformity were slightly improved for thinner RiFis with RiFi performances increasing with penetration depth. Porous plates could be used as passive energy modulators and simultaneously function as range shifters, which placed close to the patients leads to reduced beam penumbras for low penetration depths. Conclusions Passive energy modulators reduce the irradiation time in raster scanning particle therapy.

GIANT CLEAR CELL RENAL CARCINOMA: A CASE REPORT

Objective: This article is aimed to report an unusual presentation of renal cancer T4N0M0 in which the tumor weighed about 5 kilograms in a patient admitted to Urology Department of Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung, Indonesia, in August 2016. Case presentation: We report a case 62 year old male with history of growing mass in his left abdominal. There are also painless hematuria and weight loss of approximately 10 kg over the past 2 years. Discussion: Physical examination found a significant palpable, immobile and mild tender mass in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal Pelvic Computed Tomography (CT) scan revealed inhomogenous hypodens mass in the left kidney. Resection of the tumor revealed a 5 kg (22 x 25 x 18 cm, with total volume of 9.900 cm3) encapsulated neoplasm. Histophatological examination revealed a clear cell type renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with positive margin and Fuhrmann grade 2. In Asia, a giant chromophobe RCC exceeding 10 kg in weight was reported in 2009. As for previously reported giant clear cell RCC, we found out the data to be very limited. Conclusion: Giant RCC is rare, especially clear cell type in histophatological result. The size of the tumor reported in this article is considered as the largest-sized giant clear cell RCC ever reported in Asia. The size of the tumor in this case presented several challenges in the operative settings. However, the outcome and six months post-operative follow-up of the patient was satisfying in which there was no presence of single symptom within the six-month follow-up period.

Cellular schwannoma of the breast: A case report and review of literature

Schwannoma of breast is a relatively uncommon disease characterized by painless and slow growing. We report a case of a 28-year-old female who present a mass of the right breast. Ultrasonography revealed a well-circumscribed and inhomogeneous hypoechoic mass under the skin of the breast. Then a biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. The results were suggestive for cellular schwannoma of breast. The tumour was removed successfully and the patient has been followed-up for six months with no evidence of recurrence. Cellular schwannoma is a rare benign neoplasm without metastasis. Distinction cellular schwannoma from other malignant tumours is very important. It is necessary to combine strict criteria on histological, immunohistochemical analysis, biological behavior, image examination and clinical features for the final diagnosis.

A New Plugging Technology and Its Application for the Extensively Collapsed Ore Pass in the Non-Empty Condition

Aiming at some long ore passes with severe damages and extensive collapses, we describe an optimal measure to plug a local area of ore pass in order to maintain the capacity of continued use. This paper, taking a new plug for the extensively collapsed long ore pass in the non-empty condition as a breakthrough, builds a structure-plugging system for ore pass based on plug effect, suspension effect, arch effect, and span-reducing effect. Meanwhile, a key plugging technology has been integrated which includes a stability evaluation method of plugging structure, controlled technology of drilling with casing in the composite rock mass, and controllable grouting for inhomogeneous loose rock mass. According to this structure-plugging system and technology, a case has been successful for the main ore pass in the Xingshan Iron Mine in China, which has created a precedent in the world. The practice results show that using this technology to plug the extensively collapsed long ore pass has a series of advantages including of scientific design, strong safety, high efficiency, and low cost.

Relationship Between Ultrasonographic and Biochemical Markers of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy and Success of Subsequent Management.

To determine whether there is an association between morphologic types of tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP), 0-hour human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, and subsequent management success. We conducted a prospective study (November 2006-December 2015). Women had a diagnosis of EP by transvaginal ultrasonography if they had an inhomogeneous mass adjacent to the ovary and moving separately from it ("blob" sign), a mass with a hyperechoic ring around the gestational sac ("bagel" sign), or a gestational sac with an embryonic pole with or without a yolk sac with or without cardiac activity. The morphologic type, EP size, and 0-hour hCG level were analyzed. A multivariate analysis determined any correlation between these variables and nonsurgical management success. A total of 7350 consecutive women underwent transvaginal ultrasonography, of whom 301 (4.2%) had a diagnosis of tubal EP; 181 (60.1%) had the blob sign; 90 (29.9%) had the bagel sign; and 23 (7.6%) were noted to have an embryo (14 viable and 9 nonviable). Eighty-three of 301(27.5%) women had expectant management; 67 of 301(22.2%) were given methotrexate; and 151 of 301 (50%) had surgery. Success rates for the groups were 77%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. No difference between the morphologic type and success rate of treatment was noted. Although there was a significant correlation between the EP mass size and 0-hour hCG level, the mass size itself was not correlated with the success rate of either medical or expectant management. Overall higher 0-hour hCG levels were associated with management failure. In the expectant group, median hCG level for failure was 589 IU/L versus 366 IU/L for success, whereas in the medical group, the median for failure was 1244 IU/L versus 7629 IU/L for success. There is no significant correlation between the morphologic type and size of EP with a nonsurgical management outcome. A likely successful outcome is related to a lower level of serum hCG at presentation.

Modelling gas‐liquid mass transfer in a two‐phase jet flow

ABSTRACTThe efficiency and selectivity of chemical reactions are influenced by the mixing characteristic of the reactor. Existing models for reactor precalculation are often based on mean values, e.g. for the energy dissipation rate or the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and assume a homogeneous mass transfer behaviour. As a result, process optimization by avoiding mass transfer limitations is not efficient, due to the missing knowledge of local limitations.Jet reactors typically provide inhomogeneous mixing and mass transfer behaviour, where the highest rates occur in the jet vicinity. Hence, the mass transfer processes in the jet flow, which cannot be properly characterized in gas‐liquid two‐phase flow, dominate the reactor performance. Experimental results concerning the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in the jet vicinity of the Jetzone‐Loopreactor are discussed, and a model approach for describing the phenomenon is presented. It is shown that the mass transfer rates strongly depend on the hydrodynamics of the loop flow. The model is adapted to the loop flow determining mechanisms, the drag coefficient, and the density difference between the circulation and the jet flow.

Morphological ultrasound types known as 'blob' and 'bagel' signs should be reclassified from suggesting probable to indicating definite tubal ectopic pregnancy.

In a recent consensus statement on early pregnancy nomenclature by Barnhart, a definite ectopic pregnancy (EP) was defined morphologically on transvaginal sonography (TVS) as an extrauterine gestational sac with yolk sac and/or embryo, with or without cardiac activity, whilst a probable EP was defined as an inhomogeneous adnexal mass ('blob' sign) or extrauterine sac-like structure ('bagel' sign). This study aims to determine whether these ultrasound markers used to define probable EP can be used to predict a definite tubal EP. This was a retrospective cohort study of women presenting to the Early Pregnancy Unit (EPU) at Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia between November 2006 and June 2016. Women classified with a probable EP or a pregnancy of unknown location (PUL), i.e. with no signs of extra- or intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), at their first TVS were included, whilst those with a definite tubal EP, IUP or non-tubal EP were excluded from the final analysis. The gold standard for tubal EP was histological confirmation of chorionic villi in Fallopian tube removed at laparoscopy. The performance of blob or bagel sign on TVS in the prediction of definite tubal EP was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). This was compared with the performance of extrauterine gestational sac with yolk sac and/or embryo on TVS to predict definite tubal EP. During the study period, 7490 consecutive women attended the EPU, of whom 849 were analyzed. At primary TVS, 240/849 were diagnosed with probable EP, of which 174 (72.5%) were classified as blob sign and 66 (27.5%) as bagel sign. The remaining 609/849 were diagnosed with PUL, of which 47 had a final diagnosis of EP (including 24 blob sign, 19 bagel sign and four gestational sac with embryo/yolk sac). 101 of all 198 (51%) blob sign cases and 50 of all 85 (59%) bagel sign cases underwent laparoscopy and salpingectomy; histology proved a tubal EP in 98 (97%) of these blob-sign cases and 48 (96.0%) of the bagel-sign cases. The sensitivity for the blob and bagel signs in the prediction of definite tubal EP was 89.8% and 83.3%, respectively, the specificity was 99.5% and 99.6%, PPV was 96.7% and 95.2% and NPV was 98.3% and 98.6%. This was comparable to the sensitivity of extrauterine gestational sac with yolk sac and/or embryo on TVS in the prediction of definite tubal EP (sensitivity, 84.0%; specificity, 99.9%; PPV, 97.7%; NPV, 99.3% (P = 0.5)). Blob and bagel signs seem to be the most common presentations of a tubal EP on TVS. Although they cannot be considered as a definitive sign of EP, their PPV is very high (> 95%); such women should therefore be considered at very high risk for having a tubal EP and should be treated as such. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Uniqueness for Inverse Elastic Medium Problems

We study the inverse boundary value problem and the inverse scattering problem for a homogeneous and isotropic linear elastic medium in $\mathbb{R}^3$ with an inhomogeneous and anisotropic mass density given by an unknown symmetric matrix. We define the displacement to traction map associated to the boundary value problem and we prove the uniqueness of the mass density from the knowledge of this map. To do this we construct solutions to the corresponding conjugate Faddeev type equation and derive the existence of complex waves solutions to the Lamé equation, the analogue to complex geometrical optics solutions in the inverse conductivity problem. We also prove the uniqueness of the mass density in the inverse scattering problem by reducing this problem to an inverse boundary value problem.

Numerical simulation of cation exchange in fine-coarse seawater slurry pipeline flow

Slurry pipelines transporting a coarse—the comminution product—and a fine fraction, both in the presence of seawater, can cause an alteration of the liquid phase chemical composition. In the present paper, we present the result of two-dimensional numerical simulations using a mixture model using the OpenFOAM library solving the momentum equations for both the coarse and fine species, the liquid phase, mass transport equations for three ionic species (Ca2+, Na+ and Mg2+) and the mean flow continuity. The flow is assumed turbulent, and to this purpose, the k-∊ model is used. The mass transport has been modeled using a two-species first order kinetic model derived from the Gaines-Thomas exchange equation, assuming the relation between the rate of Ca+2–Na+ and that between Na+2–Mg+2. The presence of an inhomogeneous concentration distribution in the vertical and the fine fraction vertical mobility via settling, reveals a strongly inhomogeneous mass transfer characteristic within the pipe section. In particular, the higher particle concentration near the bottom along with lower local velocities of the continuous phase compared to the mid-section imply larger residence times, as confirmed by the numerical results. Both aspects in combination, promote higher Ca2+–Na+ and Mg2+–Na+ exchange rates near the bottom than in the axis of the pipe. This observation suggests that particle flow heterogeneity may promote or hinder adsorption-desorption processes when compared to homogeneous slurry flows. Results also reveal the potential for the control of the electrolyte structure given the cation exchange capacity (CEC), type and concentration of clays and coarse phase concentration, the latter conditioning the flow structure.

Stable Low-Current Electrodeposition of α-MnO2 on Superaligned Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers for High-Performance Energy Storage.

Metal oxide/carbonaceous nanomaterials are promising candidates for energy-storage applications. However, inhomogeneous mass and charge transfer across the electrode/electrolyte interface due to unstable metal oxide/carbonaceous nanomaterial synthesis limit their performance in supercapacitors. Here, it is shown that the above problems can be mitigated through stable low-current electrodeposition of MnO2 on superaligned electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs). The key to this approach is coupling a self-designed four steel poles collector for aligned ECNFs and a constant low-current (40 µA) electrodeposition technique to form a uniform Na+ -induced α-MnO2 film which proceeds by a time-dependent growth mechanism involving cluster-"kebab" structures and ending with a compact, uniform MnO2 film for high-performance energy storage.

Uncommon presentation of a rare tumour - incidental finding in an asymptomatic patient: case report and comprehensive review of the literature on intrapericardial solitary fibrous tumours

BackgroundA solitary fibrous tumour is a rare, mainly benign spindle cell mesenchymal tumour most commonly originating from the pleura. An intrapericardial location of a solitary fibrous tumour is extremely unusual. We present a case of an asymptomatic patient with a slow-growing massive benign cardiac solitary fibrous tumour.Case presentationA 37-year-old asymptomatic female patient was referred to our hospital with an enlarged cardiac silhouette found on her screening chest X-ray. The echocardiographic examination revealed pericardial effusion and an inhomogeneous mobile mass located in the pericardial sac around the left ventricle. Cardiac magnetic resonance (MRI) examination showed an intrapericardial, semilunar-shaped mass attached to the pulmonary trunk with an intermediate signal intensity on proton density-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted spectral fat saturation inversion recovery images. First-pass perfusion and early and late gadolinium-enhanced images showed a vascularized mass with septated, patchy, inhomogeneous late enhancement. Coronary computed tomography angiography revealed no invasion of the coronaries. Based on the retrospectively analysed screening chest X-rays, the mass had started to form at least 7 years earlier. Complete resection of the tumour with partial resection of the pulmonary trunk was performed. Histological evaluation of the septated, cystic mass revealed tumour cells forming an irregular patternless pattern; immunohistochemically, the cells tested positive for vimentin, CD34, CD99 and STAT6 but negative for keratin (AE1-AE3), CD31 and S100. Thus, the diagnosis of an intrapericardial solitary fibrous tumour was established. There has been no recurrence for 3 years based on the regular MRI follow-up.ConclusionIntrapericardial SFTs, showing slow growth dynamics, can present with massive extent even in completely asymptomatic patients. MRI is exceedingly useful for characterizing intrapericardial masses, allowing precise surgical planning, and is reliable for long-term follow up.

Multiple sialolithiasis of submandibular gland: a case report

Objective: Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the salivary glands. Sialolithiasis occurs mainly in the submandibular gland (80–90%) and to a lesser extent in the parotid gland (5–20%). Sialoliths may be single or multiple. Multiple sialolith in the submandibular gland are rare. Seventy to 80% of cases feature solitary stones; only about 5% of patients have three or more stones. Patients commonly experience pain and/or swelling.Methods: A 51-year-old male came to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery with a swelling and pain at the right submandibular. The panoramic radiograph showed a radiopacity mass with well-defined in right submandibular. The Ultrasonographic interpretation showed hypoechoic inhomogeneous mass with multiple calcification.The submandibular gland removal was performed by extraoral approach.Result:Multiple sialolith in the submandibular gland are rare. A surgical approach for removal of sialolith in the submandibular gland could be intraoral or extraoral. In this case report, we described five stones in the submandibular gland. which were removed by extraoral approach.Conclusion: There are various methods available for the management of salivary stones. In this case report, removal of the submandibular gland with the stone should still be preferred as the gold standard of treatment and could avoid recurrence of this medical condition.

Dynamics in the vicinity of (101955) Bennu: solar radiation pressure effects in equatorial orbits

Here we study the dynamical effects of the solar radiation pressure (SRP) on a spacecraft that will survey the near-Earth rotating asteroid (101955) Bennu when the projected shadow is accounted for. The spacecraft's motion near (101955) Bennu is modelled in the rotating frame fixed at the centre of the asteroid, neglecting the sun gravity effects. We calculate the solar radiation pressure at the perihelion, semi-major axis and aphelion distances of the asteroid from the Sun. The goals of this work are to analyse the stability for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous mass distribution and study the effects of the solar radiation pressure in equatorial orbits close to the asteroid (101955) Bennu. As results, we find that the mascon model divided into ten equal layers seems to be the most suitable for this problem. We can highlight that the centre point $E$8, which was linearly stable in the case of the homogeneous mass distribution, becomes unstable in this new model changing its topological structure. For a Sun initial longitude $\psi_0 = -180^o$, starting with the spacecraft longitude $\lambda = 0$, the orbits suffer fewer impacts and some (between 0.4 and 0.5 km), remaining unwavering even if the maximum solar radiation is considered. When we change the initial longitude of the Sun to $\psi_0 = -135^o$, the orbits with initial longitude $\lambda = 90^0 $ appear to be more stable. Finally, when the passage of the spacecraft in the shadow is accounted for, the effects of solar radiation pressure are softened, and we find more stable orbits.

Stable Li Plating/Stripping Electrochemistry Realized by a Hybrid Li Reservoir in Spherical Carbon Granules with 3D Conducting Skeletons.

Lithium metal is a promising battery anode. However, inhomogeneous mass and charge transfers across the Li/electrolyte interface result in formation of dendritic Li and "dead" Li, and an unstable solid electrolyte interphase, which incur serious problems to impede its service in rechargeable batteries. Here, we show that the above problems can be mitigated by regulating the interfacial mass/charge transfer. The key to our strategy is hybrid Li storage in onion-like, graphitized spherical C granules wired on a three-dimensional conducting skeleton, which enhances the negativity of surface charge of the C host to contribute to a uniform Li plating while also forming stable Li/C intercalation compounds to offset any irreversible Li loss during cycling. As a result, the anode shows a suppressed dendrite formation and a high Li utilization >95%, enabling a practical Li battery to strike a long lifespan of 1000 cycles at a surplus Li of merely 5%.