Mass Monopole Research Articles

SU(8) gut models with a stable proton, [formula omitted] oscillations, fractional charges and low mass monopoles

Two SU(8) GUT models with a stable proton are proposed which can accommodate fractionally charged color singlets with charge ± 1 3 e , ± 1 2 e and low mass monopoles. Both models predict observable baryon and lepton number nonconservation such as the n− n ̷ oscillation with lifetime ∼10 9 −10 10 s, the process of the proton lifetimes in GUTs is discussed. missing energy, etc. The problem of how to solve the contradiction of theory with experiment for the simplest SU(5) prediction of the proton lifetime in GUTs is discussed.

Longitudinal plasma waves in the presence of monopoles of electron mass and electron charge

Dispersion relation for plasma waves in the presence of magnetic monopoles of electron mass and electron charge, is derived. It is shown that magnetic monopole charges, in general, dominate the dispersion. When monopoles form a fraction of the main body of plasma, there are two dominant oscillations. It is suggested that there can be electromagnetic emissions at these frequencies by nonlinear conversions. Possible application to the pulsar neighbourhood is envisaged.

Is the local monopole flux enhanced?

Dimopoulos et al. have suggested that a cloud of monopoles orbiting the sun may significantly enhance the local monopole flux relative to the average flux in the galaxy. We have studied this scenario in detail and find that if magnetic fields of strength O(100 m 16 kG) exist inside the sun, then monopoles passing through the sun can be captured into orbit, leading to a local enhancement of at most O(50 m 16 2) (monopole mass= m 16 10 16 GeV). Monopoles of mass 10 16 GeV can also be captured into orbit by passing through Jupiter; this leads to a local enhancement of O(1.1–3).

The magnetic monopole flux and the survival of intracluster magnetic fields

The observation of diffuse radio emission from a number of rich clusters (including the Coma cluster) indicates the presence of 10 −8–10 −7 G intracluster magnetic fields. We argue that the survival of such fields places an upper bound on the average flux of monopoles within our galaxy, F ≲ 10 −18−10 −20 cm −2 s −1 sr −1, for monopoles of mass m ≲ 10 −18 GeV. Although somewhat less secure, this bound is at least 3 orders of magnitude more restrictive than the “Parker bound”, which is based upon the survival of galactic magnetic fields.

The low mass monopole and the invisible axion in grand unified theories

We construct an SU(7) grand unification model that contains both low-mass monopoles and an invisible axion. The method described here can easily be incorporated in any grand unified theory.

A semiclassical theory for ionization by grand unification magnetic monopoles

The ionization loss by grand unification magnetic monopoles is studied. It is shown that for the velocities of interest this ionization is not large, so that monopoles of mass 10 16 GeV could well have gone undetected until now.

Coloured monopoles from fractional charges in QCD

In a recent paper, Slansky et al. have suggested that SU(3) C may be broken to SO(3) × Z 3 in order to explain the possible existence of fractionally charged states. We point out that there are low mass monopoles associated with such a symmetry breakdown and discuss their properties. Such states may be observable at LEP if not at PETRA energies.

The subduction of vibrational states of molecules from the momentum space of simple harmonic motion

A single-particle model of molecular vibrational states is proposed in which the normal modes are projected out of the body vibrations of an infinite simple harmonic sphere. This model assigns the spurious change of mass or centre of mass and leads to removal of mass monopoles and dipoles from the system. These conservation conditions impose strict boundary conditions on the potential and basis functions. On incorporation into the model they result in a set of loop equations in which the potential is proportional to the fundamental vibration. The simplest solutions to these equations strongly resemble the Poschl-Teller generalization of the Morse potential. The solutions have been extended to incorporate the repulsive states and generate the set of net attractive states appropriate to the anharmonic potential.

Covariant framework for a mass monopole as a field structure in general relativity

We present a covariant framework for what is usually referred to as a mass monopole, by utilizing certain scalar invariants that are functions of the eigenvalues of the Riemann tensor. We thus bridge one of the theoretical gaps in the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann (EIH) derivation of the equations of motion of particles from the field equations: the lack of a covariant characterization of those aspects of a particle's structure which influence its motion. We have succeeded in giving a covariant framework for a mass monopole, which is the particle type assumed by EIH in their derivation. This is accomplished by using only the field outside the mass (singularity) to describe its characteristics, thereby conforming to a pure field description of nature. The utility of the framework has been verified by applying it to two physically relevant situations. The first is that of a Kerr particle, and the second is that of one spherically symmetric mass orbiting another. Our framework does indeed correspond to the intuitively expected results. In addition, our novel use of eigenvalues of the Riemann tensor appears to be a possible avenue of approach to the covariant characterization of other particle structure.

Relation between Monopole Mass and Primary Monopole Flux

We give quantitative results concerning the simple idea that the probability of observing a monopole at Earth with $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.5$ decreases as the monopole mass decreases, for masses \ensuremath{\lesssim}${10}^{4}$ Gev/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$: The effective cross section of Earth is roughly the geometric cross section times the ratio of the monopole mass to 8000 GeV/${\mathit{c}}^{2}$.

Radiation Scattering in Einstein-Maxwell Theory

A linearized Einstein-Maxwell field composed of a mass monopole, a radiating mass quadrupole, a Coulomb field, and radiating electromagnetic dipole and quadrupole fields is examined to second order. If the first-order radiation is a pulse of finite duration, then the only second-order radiation present after the pulse has turned off is due to interactions involving the mass monopole. All other interactions contributing to the second order produce no such scattered radiation. At third order, the dipole-dipolemass interaction is found to give rise to scattered radiation.

Width of Ion and Monopole Tracks in Emulsion

The width of the tracks of ions in emulsion has been calculated from the assumption that a developable image is formed when the energy dosage deposited by delta rays exceeds a threshold value, here found to be 6000 ergs/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ in $G\ensuremath{-}5$ emulsion. The theory agrees with measurements of track width obtained by projecting track images to a magnification of 3000\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} and tracing around their outline, while truncating isolated delta rays at their bases. Agreement is to within a grain diameter to a range of about 4 cm. From the theory we infer that there is no $Z$ intelligence contained in the last 10 \ensuremath{\mu} of track length, and that very poor resolution in $Z$ (above 15) is obtained in thin-down region (last 150 \ensuremath{\mu}). The calculation has been extended to infer the width of the track of a Dirac monopole as a function of its range. The length of track required for discrimination between ions and monopoles depends on the monopole mass. Thus monopoles of mass 5 amu, unit pole strength ($\frac{137e}{2}$), and energy 1500 MeV will have a range of 1000 \ensuremath{\mu} and can be confused in width with ions of charge 20. On the other hand 3-amu unit-strength monopoles of 100-MeV energy will have a range of 100 \ensuremath{\mu} and can be clearly distinguished from any ion. If 1 cm of track is available, any monopole (to mass 50 amu) can be clearly distinguished from all ions by the fact that its track width does not diminish with increasing range, and achieves a value of about 4 \ensuremath{\mu}, in G-5 emulsion.