Mass Migration Research Articles

Navigating brain drain: understanding public discourse on legislation to retain medical professionals in Nigeria.

Nigeria is witnessing a mass emigration of its active labor force to more advanced economies, just like other developing countries. Approximately half of licensed medical doctors in Nigeria have emigrated, contributing to a widening doctors-to-patients ratio. In response to this concerning trend, in 2023, a legislator introduced a bill to restrain doctors from leaving Nigeria upon completing their studies by withholding their full license for five years. The public, including health professionals, criticized the bill. This study investigates the public discourse on the bill by extracting and analyzing responses published in newspaper articles, blogs, tweets, and LinkedIn posts. The analysis revealed that, while a few politicians supported the bill, the general populace opposed it due to perceived inconsistencies, a lack of focus on the core causes of migration, allegations of political elite's hypocrisy, concerns about human rights violations and unemployment. By conducting this research, this article sheds light on the complexities of public opinion surrounding the proposed legislation, providing valuable insights into the multifaceted challenges associated with addressing the medical brain drain in Nigeria. The article contributes to the ongoing debate on the migratory trends of highly skilled workers from developing countries to advanced economies.

Navigating Emerging Climate Crises Through Adaptive Polycentric Meta-networks

AbstractWithout urgent, systemic, and collective global interventions to address the emerging climate emergency, we are likely to continue to see a range of increasingly significant adverse impacts globally. Temperatures will continue to increase, ice shelves will melt, seas will rise, crops will fail, water scarcity will increase and spread, wildfires will accelerate, and food and water insecurity, violence, and the largest human migration in history will ensue. According to the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), these climate changes will displace over 1.2 billion people by 2050 at a rate currently exceeding 21.5 million people per year. This mass migration will create incredible burdens on political, legal, economic, agricultural, educational, and health infrastructures in future host countries, and we are globally unprepared. It is well-recognized that the solution to these crises lies in our collective awakening by embracing complexity and employing bold and holistic perspectives. However, theoretical and applied advancements that may meaningfully inform practical approaches to urgently address climate related threats remain scattered and insufficient. The purpose of our proposed paper is to advance the concept of adaptive polycentric meta-networks (APMNs) as a partial solution to collectively address climate crises. We draw upon key insights from works on polycentricity, complexity leadership, and meta-networks, to arrive at our integrative framework. We also discuss ways that the proposed framework aligns with the dynamics of collective mindfulness and practical wisdom, particularly to facilitate cross-sector and global collaborations, across cultures and spiritual practices, to achieve the climate change goals at a macro scale. We believe that our framework offers an important conceptual and practical pathway to tackle the complex dynamics of climate change, and to generate the needed collective sensemaking and awareness to awaken, engage, and align collective leadership where it is needed, at global, national, regional and local levels and across governments, NGOs, and corporate interests.

American Attitudes Toward Climate Migrants: Findings from a Conjoint Experiment

ABSTRACT The dramatic impacts of climate change presage an inevitable surge in mass migration; however, advanced democracies are ill-equipped for this impending crisis. Moreover, we know very little about how publics evaluate this group of prospective migrants, who are estimated to increase from 100 million to 200 million worldwide within decades. This study investigates American attitudes toward climate-related migrants in a conjoint experiment of more than 1,000 US adults, in which respondents evaluated fictional refugee profiles that varied across multiple attributes. Findings reveal that Americans (1) prefer political refugees over climate-related refugees; and (2) prefer climate-related and economic migrants to a similar extent, and that these preferences are not driven by concerns over climate-related refugees’ integration into American society. Subgroup analyses indicate that younger individuals, those with high climate-change anxiety, and those who previously engaged in climate-related political activities discriminated less against climate-related migrants. Analyses of open-ended responses reveal that climate anxiety is a driver of positive evaluations of climate-related migrants.

Progranulin-dependent repair function of Regulatory T cells drive bone fracture healing.

Local immunoinflammatory events instruct skeletal stem cells (SSCs) to repair/regenerate bone after injury, but mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that specialized Regulatory T (Treg) cells are necessary for bone repair and interact directly with SSCs through organ-specific messages. Both in human patients with bone fracture and mouse model of bone injury, we identified a bone injury-responding Treg subpopulation with bone-repair capacity marked by CCR8. Local production of CCL1 induced a massive migration of CCR8+ Treg cells from periphery to the injury site. Depending on secretion of progranulin (PGRN), a protein encoded by the granulin (Grn) gene, CCR8+ Treg cells supported the accumulation and osteogenic differentiation of SSCs, and thereby bone repair. Mechanistically, we revealed that CCL1 enhanced expression level of basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF) in CCR8+ Treg cells, which bound to Grn promoter and increased Grn translational output and then PGRN secretion. Together, our work provides a new perspective in osteoimmunology and highlights possible ways of manipulating Treg cell signaling to enhance bone repair and regeneration.

Introduction: migration and the First World War

ABSTRACT Studies of the nineteenth-century era of mass migration tend to conclude at the outbreak of the First World War. But what happened to these migrants and to patterns of migration during industrialised warfare? This special issue brings together two fields: migration history and First World War studies. We explore the fates and experiences of the large diasporic populations who found themselves in nations recently determined belligerent or neutral, where allegiances and enemies were newly defined. This introduction considers how migration history might inform approaches to First World War studies: who counts as a migrant in this period and how this was impacted by war. The issue consists of articles which address experiences of mobile populations and the infrastructure of mobility in this period. By addressing diverse ethnic and racial populations, including intersections of gender, the articles begin to explore the war as a period of ‘race-making’ and hybridity, where rather than just an acceleration of existing trends, new attitudes and ideas about identity, belonging and patriotism came to light. By considering how policies and processes of migration changed because of the conflict, authors contemplate war as a period of borders shifting and solidified, of immigration regimes tightened or newly controlled, often in tension with existing understanding of citizenship or home.

Air quality monitoring system based on low power wide area network technology at public transport stops

<span>Mass migration from rural areas to urban areas has caused problems of traffic congestion, high industrial concentration and inequity in the distribution of housing in the world's capitals, generating a significant threat to sustainable development and public health due to air pollution air. In the Peruvian context, the importance of real-time monitoring of air quality is highlighted according to the standards established by the government. Several studies propose real-time environmental monitoring systems using internet of thing (IoT) technologies, electrochemical and optical sensors to measure pollutants, highlighting the need for data analysis. The objective of the paper is to show the implementation of IoT devices called sensor nodes, with long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) transmission technology for continuous monitoring of polluting gas concentrations. In addition, they are integrated into a central node called gateway to perform real-time monitoring through a web application. As an initial result, IoT devices demonstrated their effectiveness for real-time monitoring. Despite being a prototype-level result, the next stage involves its deployment at public transport stops in Lima. Overcoming the limitations of the solution, this paper establishes the foundation for future research on pollution and public health.</span>

Virtual Aunts and Uncles: Identity and Community in a Diasporic National Minority

Abstract The past decade has seen mass emigration of Hungarians from Serbia to the kin-state and Western European countries. This has resulted in new ways of understanding what it means to belong to the community, both empirically and in terms of theorizing it, and both for those in Serbia and those abroad. This article claims that there are virtual platforms where members of this ethnic community (re)create their identities, and that this happens through relating to certain common themes. For this reason, I analyze the common themes of two humorous Facebook pages – namely, rurality, food, language use, ethnic others, and crossing borders – popular among Vojvodina Hungarians. The article argues that these elements of identity connect members of the community who live in Vojvodina and those who have emigrated to the kin-state or diaspora. Therefore, in order to unpack the complex dynamics of identification of a national minority community with high diasporic tendencies, an approach that connects the above topics to the concepts of community, nostalgia, home, minority, and borders, and in more general terms the lens of national minority and diaspora studies is needed.

Introduction: Social Protection in a Time of Global Uncertainty

Social protection has established itself as a vibrant policy sector across the global South, and as a pillar of international development cooperation. Social protection features in numerous country policies and development agency strategies, as well as in several Sustainable Development Goals. However, the global context today is characterised by a range of emerging and intensifying challenges and uncertainties, including post-Covid-19 pandemic recovery; the cost-of-living crisis; unprecedented climate change; and rising numbers of protracted wars and political instability, leading to mass displacement and migration. What is the role of social protection in this shifting and uncertain global context? This article highlights challenges and opportunities for social protection at this crossroads moment, under the themes of politics, crises, innovation, and inclusion, as a way of introducing and framing the contributions to this IDS Bulletin. We argue that the need for social protection has never been greater, but its future trajectories need urgent reimagining.

Belonging in the Borderlands: Narrative, Place-making and Dwelling in Jean d’Arras’s Mélusine

ABSTRACT This article considers the complexities of belonging in Jean d’Arras’s romance of Mélusine, or L’Histoire de Lusignan (1393). Drawing on Laura Bieger’s theory of narrative and belonging, Martin Heidegger’s notion of dwelling, and Gloria Anzaldúa’s border theory, this article analyses the tensions between ownership and belonging as they arise in the early episodes of the text. The links between emplacement, dwelling and belonging, and how these have a productive relationship with narrative are explored. Teasing out these connections further illuminates the political imperative that underpins Jean d’Arras’s production of the text, but also resonates strongly with important issues in our own era of mass migrations and population displacements. This article, therefore, seeks to create deeper understandings of the ways in which belonging can be inscribed or erased.

The effect of mass migration on disease transmission: Evidence from the Venezuelan refugee crisis

AbstractSince 2014, millions of Venezuelans have fled to neighboring countries. There is only one accessible land crossing along the Brazil–Venezuela border (Pacaraima) and the Brazilian highway system limits migrants to one route through the Amazon for almost 1000 km. Using this event as a quasi‐random treatment, we find that refugee migration increased malaria incidence in Pacaraima, but this was limited to individuals of Venezuelan nationality. We find no effect on Brazilians in Pacaraima or in other municipalities along the main refugee migration route. We therefore reject the hypothesis that Venezuelan refugees increased the risk of malaria among native residents.

Differences in codeswitching patterns between immigrant and heritage speakers of US American Danish

This paper addresses intrasentential code-switching in US American Danish spoken by 1st generation immigrants from Denmark, who migrated to the US around 1900 as part as the transatlantic European mass emigration and their descendants (2nd and 3rd generation). The analysis is based on the Corpus of American Danish, specifically a dataset of 173 speakers producing 46 hours of speech. In this dataset, we observe significantly different patterns of intrasentential code-switching in the speech of the immigrant speakers (1st generation) and US-born heritage speakers (2nd and 3rd generation): The code-switching patterns of the heritage speakers show a preference for English lexemes that are integrated morphologically into Danish or which are part of Danish-English bilingual compounds. In contrast, the immigrant speakers prefer non-integrated English words for code-switching. This result taken per se shows that code-switching patterns show variation across generations just as other linguistic variables. Taking the result further, we have connected it to a previous study of representations of linguistic proficiency in immigrant Danish in the Americas. By this, we are able to show that the morphologically or lexically integrated code-switching of the heritage speakers correlate with features representing fluent speech, while the non-integrated code-switching of the immigrant speakers rather seems to correlate with features showing a low activation of Danish in a situation of language shift. Thus, the heritage speakers seem to have developed a way of speaking US American Danish where English word stems are an integrated part of speaking fluently and lexically varied.

Socio-economic consequences for Central Europe related to the mass migration of Ukrainian citizens after Russia's full-scale invasion

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused displacement on a scale not seen since the Second World War. More than 6.5 million refugees from Ukraine have been registered worldwide (as of 16 May 2024), and more than 4.2 million Ukrainians have received temporary protection in the EU. Most of them found shelter in Poland and Germany. These countries have received an influx of migrants that corresponds to the logic of their demographic development. Ukrainians are almost an ideal demographic resource for Central Europe. In August 2023, only one person in three wanted to return to Ukraine. If the Ukrainian refugees are properly adapted, they will provide additional development impulses to the countries where they reside.

абезпечення інноваційного розвитку національної економіки на основі реалізації економічних інтересів учасників систем кластерного партнерства в умовах нових викликів

Introduction. Recent years have been a challenge for the Ukrainian economy. The full-scale war caused significant destruction, interrupted production chains and led to massive migration of the population. In such circumstances, the issues of economic recovery and increasing its competitiveness are particularly acute. The cluster approach, as a proven tool for economic development, can be an effective mechanism for overcoming the consequences of war and ensuring sustainable growth. In the developed countries of the world, there is an increase in cluster formations, where the organizational and functional structures do not change, but the process of joint interaction intensifies, which creates favorable conditions for the development of cluster partnerships based on integrated and quasi-integrated relationships and the economy of the territories where they are based. Problem Statement. The effectiveness of cluster partnerships has been proven theoretically by foreign scientists and confirmed by foreign examples. However, modern approaches to the development of cluster partnership systems of the national economy and the implementation of cluster policy in Ukraine do not consider military consequences, the specifics of the territories, the features of cluster partnership as a network interaction of integrated and quasi-integrated business structures, government and scientific institutions, synergistic links between them, regional, sectoral and other aspects. The purpose is to study the features and formulate directions for ensuring the innovative development of the national economy based on the realization of the economic interests of participants in cluster partnership systems in the face of new challenges. Methods. The study used general scientific and special methods, in particular, description, analysis, theoretical generalization, synthesis. Results. The directions of state support for the innovative development of the national economy based on the realization of the interests of participants in cluster partnership systems, which are implemented by intensifying the policy of cluster partnership in the innovation sector and are an alternative option for the formation and support of initiatives in the implementation of innovative projects. A characteristic of cluster partnership systems is the acquisition of forms of mutual assistance through cooperation in the regulatory policy of innovative development of the country's economy. The private sector is responsible for increasing the amount of funding for the innovation process, directly implements and ensures the commercialization of innovations. The state, first of all, provides legislative, financial, and informational support, and undertakes the training of highly qualified personnel. Conclusions. State support is the driving force behind the development of cluster partnership systems, which are implemented through the intensification of cluster partnership policy in the innovation sector and is the only alternative option for the formation and support of initiatives in the implementation of innovative projects for the development of the national economy in the post-war period.

An Analysis of the Religious Solidarity Discourses Regarding the Syrian Refugees in Türkiye

Following the outbreak of the civil war in Syria, a massive migration of Syrian nationals to Türkiye has been a significant phenomenon. This situation has become a problematic issue, as the massive presence of Syrian refugees in Türkiye has become an important part of the domestic political agenda. The politicization of the refugee issue has long since presented a duality of conflicting opinions among the Turkish society, whereas it has led to political debates between pro-government and opposition groups. In light of these developments, Turkish government elites have produced discourses of religious solidarity with the aim of providing tolerance and social acceptance for Syrian refugees and thus legitimizing the open door policy of the government toward these refugees. The aim of this study is to analyze and categorize the themes that constitute the basis of the discourses of religious solidarity regarding Syrian refugees in Türkiye. In this context, a second aim is to demonstrate how these themes have been welcomed in a positive manner by their adoption and recognition by Turkish society. To these aims, governmental discourses of religious solidarity and a sample consisting of 980 posts on the digital platform X have been analyzed by using the critical discourse analysis technique and have been categorized under two discursive themes, namely the ensar–muhacir analogy and the emphases on the Ottoman legacy. The conformity between these discourses and the government’s ideological orientation and the degree to which these discourses have been welcomed and adopted by the Turkish society have been discussed in detail.

EMIGRATION OF UKRAINIANS TO THE EU IN THE CONTEST OF GLOBAL GEOPOLITICAL INTERESTS

The article examines the phenomenon of Ukrainian emigration to EU countries, starting from February 2022, caused by military aggression against Ukraine. Forced emigration is considered in the context of the geopolitical interests of the EU, USA, Great Britain and China. The influence of the mass emigration of Ukrainian citizens on the state of European integration of Ukraine is studied, the factors of a positive and negative nature that affect the European integration course of Ukraine are considered.

Post-flood earthworm deaths in Kerala tied to rare mass migration

Post-flood earthworm deaths in Kerala tied to rare mass migration

A Systematic Review of Organizational Resilience Through Digital Technology Adoption: Trends and Insights in a Decade

Numerous organizations have been compelled to adopt new ways of managing work and the environment because of the pandemic. Understanding the resilience dynamics during the adoption of digital technology is more important than ever considering challenges like terrorism, economic recessions, mass migration, cyberattacks, and a variety of other socio-political and economic trends. Reviewing publications that examine the connection between digital technologies and organizational resilience from 2014 to 2024 is the goal of this project. The PRISMA approach was used to conduct a systematic review. 47 relevant papers were found as a consequence of this, most of which came from the Scopus database. This implies that academics are engaged in the subject. The papers consistently cited the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory and the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, with a bias towards quantitative research methods. Five major themes emerge from the analysis: digital transformation, organizational resilience, business performance, innovation, and adoption of digital technology. By providing new perspectives, the study closes gaps in the literature. It was believed that the Journal of Technological Forecasting and Social Change was a valuable source of information on studies on digital adoption. Based on the results, the report offers recommendations and points up directions for future research to increase organizational resilience by utilizing digital technology. Organizations may leverage digital technology to effectively overcome obstacles and prosper in a constantly changing landscape by implementing these suggested practices.

A THREAT ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES TO HUMANSECURITY FOR VENEZUELAN MIGRANTS POST-MIGRATION TO TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

The country of Venezuela which is a close neighbor of Trinidad and Tobago continues to confront a major crisis that has unleashed multiple forms of sociopolitical violenc e against its citizens and has created a plethora of problems and threats including poverty, insecurity, and human rights violations. This ongoing socioeconomic crisis began around 2013 and has become progressively worse. Hyperinflation, escalating starvation, disease, crime and mortality rates are commonplace resulting in massive migration from the country. About seven millio n persons have left Venezuela over the last ten years seeking better lives and safety. About one hundred thousand of these migrants are in Trinidadand Tobago.Outward migration caused by this situation has been linked to numerous new challenges to Venezuelan migrants in Trinidad and Tobago. This paper sought to understand the experiences of these migrants. A cross-sectional qualitative project was conducted to discuss the threat environment for these migrants analysing resettlement threat factors for health, security and general well being through semi-structured interviews(forty).Theanalysis focused on understanding the experiences of Venezuelan migrants during the period 2014-2024 and was conducted during the period March1-April 30 2024. The research revealed threats related to health, safety, education,employment and general well being of Venezuelan migrants that have informe d migration policies, and human rights efforts for Trinidad and Tobago.

Fiscal Tools for Promoting Efficient Economic Growth

Contemporary crisis phenomena, including financial, structural, political, and social aspects, underscore the need for effective fiscal policy to ensure the resilience and development of the country. Additionally, there are currently complex challenges related to the war, such as infrastructure destruction, business shutdowns, and mass migration, which have significantly impacted the country’s economy and require additional financial resources for recovery. This situation necessitates the search for new sources of income and the optimisation of existing resources, highlighting the importance of effective tax regulation to overcome economic challenges during conflict. This scientific article aims to determine the role of fiscal policy in ensuring effective economic development, as well as the importance of tax instruments and their efficiency in promoting economic growth and optimising financial resources. In the research process, literary sources were analysed, and statistical data was scrutinised to evaluate the dynamics of state revenues and expenditures and the impact of tax receipts on the state budget. The study emphasises the importance of tax instruments for economic development and meeting the country’s financial needs. The efficient use of tax instruments facilitates the collection of sufficient revenues to fund social and economic needs. The study highlights the importance of employing the necessary tax instruments to ensure the country’s effective economic development. In martial law conditions, mobilising fiscal reserves and activating tax instruments become critical strategies for ensuring financial stability and supporting the economy. However, the successful implementation of these measures requires the improvement of the organisational structure and administration. A balanced approach to tax burden, a conducive environment for business, and the development of new revenue sources are critical in ensuring financial stability and supporting economic growth during conflict.

Why do we need to re-institutionalise social work?

The article contains arguments for the re-institutionalisation of social work in Poland, pointing out the consequences of: (1) including representatives of semi-professionals in social welfare system, (2) overload of public education employees, (3) poor mental health situation of children and adolescents, (4) the COVID pandemic-19 and mass migration from Ukraine for social welfare organisation, (5) implementation of deinstitutionalisation policy and (6) demographic and health changes of Polish society.