Mass Media Tools Research Articles

Exploring the Most Effective Mass Media Tools for Creating Awareness of Climate Change: A Study

In the twenty-first century, climate change is one of the most challenging issues for humanity, and mass communication channels, particularly radio and television, play a vital role in creating awareness of climate change among people in third-world countries. This study aimed to explore the more effective mass media tools for creating awareness of climate change. Data for the current study were collected through in-depth interviews with media experts and climate change authorities in Afghanistan. The study revealed that there are many ways to communicate with the public. Still, the most effective is through the mass media, because the mass media can communicate with millions of people at a time, everywhere. Furthermore, low literacy rates and poor socioeconomic conditions are the main reasons that most Afghans turned to radio and television. Besides, access to print media and the Internet in Afghanistan is limited. Radio and television are the best sources in the first place to create awareness of climate change.

Food Propaganda in the World Wars: A Review on Food Posters

Propaganda is an activity that is conducted to influence the attitudes or behaviors of individuals by using communication tools. Throughout history, states have used different propaganda methods to influence their public and other states. Posters are one of the mass media tools used for propaganda purposes. States made propaganda during the World Wars, and often they used posters in this activity. Although there are studies focused on propaganda activities in World Wars, posters, and the importance of food policies, no study examining food-themed propaganda posters within the scope of the food policies. The purpose of the study is to examine the food-themed propaganda posters published during the two World Wars within the scope of the food policies. 43 food-themed posters were detected published during the World Wars for propaganda. The posters were analyzed through thematic analysis. As a result, it was determined that fourteen food policy themes were used in the posters of the world wars.

Özel Yetenekli Bireyleri Konu Edinen Filmlerin İncelenmesi

Introduction: The mass media tools, which affect all areas of life, also influence the perceptions of gifted individuals. The perception of the gifted individual drawn by these tools shapes the perspective on gifted individuals and special abilities. Films, among these tools, take an important place in terms of their power to reach socioeconomic audiences of all ages and all levels. The objective of this study is to reveal how gifted characters are presented in films about gifted individuals.Method: The characteristics of characters in demographic and different developmental domains (cognitive, personality, social-emotional, and language) were evaluated by examining 36 films about gifted individuals. Films with a gifted individual in the lead role were included in the study. The 36 films reached by meeting this criterion constitute the research objects of the study. The data of the study, designed with the case study method, were collected by document analysis and analyzed by the descriptive analysis method. A checklist including demographic characteristics and cognitive, social-emotional, language, and personality development characteristics of gifted individuals prepared by the researchers based on the literature was used to analyze the films reached. The characteristics of gifted characters were examined by considering the checklist.Findings: According to the research findings, gifted characters were usually depicted as males in the examined films, and some characters had various diagnoses accompanying their special abilities. Concerning developmental domains, the following dimensions were observed to come to the forefront: strong memory in the domain of cognitive development, self-awareness in the domain of social-emotional development, using the language correctly and fluently in the domain of language development, and self-discipline in the domain of personality development.Conclusion: It is observed that the characteristics of gifted characters are usually reflected in films in a way overlapping with the literature. In this context, it can be recommended that films about gifted individuals should be shot in Turkey by taking the opinions of experts working in the field of gifted education.

Evidence and gap map report: Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) interventions for strengthening HIV prevention and research among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Evidence and gap map report: Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC) interventions for strengthening HIV prevention and research among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Contemporary mass media tools and ethical consideration in mental health services

Contemporary mass media tools and ethical consideration in mental health services

ASSESSMENT OF ACCESS AND USAGE OF MASS MEDIA AMONG RICE FARMERS IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

The study examined access and usage of mass media among rice farmers in Gassol Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. It also identified the constraints to the usage of mass media tools among the farmers in the study area. Purposive random sampling methods were used to generate data from 138 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that the major mass media used by respondents were radio (86.2%), television (48.6%), Internet (48.6%), posters (46.4%), and leaflets (39.1%). The agricultural information medially accessed by the respondents from the mass media were credit facilities, marketing information, pests and diseases, fertilizer application, improved seeds, and improved storage facilities. The farmers identified a high need for agricultural information relating to credit, marketing, pests and diseases, fertilizer, improved seeds, and storage facilities. The high cost of mass media facilities, inadequate electricity, lack of local content, low level of education, lack of awareness of mass media use, and the inability of the farmers to access information from mass media were the major constraints faced by the respondents. The study recommended subsidizing the cost of media facilities, increasing access to electricity supply, creating awareness and skill of the farmers to take advantage provided by mass media tools for their farming benefits, and increasing the usage of other mass media outlets were made to enable the respondents to have full access/use of mass media to improve rice production.

The Quantification of Child Labour by Ghana’s Mass Media: A Missed Opportunity?

This article describes how the mass media in Ghana use quantitative information to communicate the prevalence of child labour. During the period 2000–2020, stories about child labour frequently appeared in Ghana’s mass media. Within nearly 30 per cent of the stories, at least one numerical quantification is used. Quantifications appear to be constructed primarily to dazzle readers. The large numbers and the weight of the technical jargon used would appear to significantly reduce the potential to inform. We ask why successive governments have not used the mass media tools at their disposal to more effectively address the complex policy problem of child labour.

Enablers and barriers of harnessing food waste to address food insecurity: a scoping review.

Despite producing sufficient food for the global population, the growing prevalence of food insecurity in developed countries is cause for concern. The millions of metric tons of food wasted each year could be used instead to drastically lower rates of food insecurity and address food sustainability. In this scoping review, we aimed to identify barriers to and enablers of harnessing food waste across food sectors, including food retail, households, and food rescue organizations, to address food insecurity in a developed country, Australia. The findings demonstrate that research on and responsibility for harnessing food waste for food insecurity has predominantly fallen on ill-equipped food rescue organizations. Three primary policy advancements paramount to harnessing food waste to address food insecurity include (1) improving partnerships and subsidies to minimize transportation costs for redistributing imperfect or surplus food from farmers and retailers to those who with food insecurity; (2) enhancing existing partnerships and subsidies to stably involve more nutrition experts in food rescue organizations to improve the quality of foods being redistributed to those facing food insecurity; and (3) initiating interventions and campaigns that combine the following 5 characteristics: free to the participants; address food literacy; use multiple mass-media tools; are age tailored; and frame messages within personal values.

Gender Stereotypes in Ukrainian Mass Media and Media Educational Tools to Contain Them

Theoretical substantiations and practical recommendations on media educational contain against gender stereotypes in the Ukrainian mass media are given in the work. Attention is paid to the pathogenic factor of the use of gender-sensitive content. The work is based on propedeutic theoretic studies of cultural and psychosocial background of Ukraine. We also used a content analysis of news and advertising materials of heterogenic media; sociologic methods (surveys, questionnaires); modelling of educational situations and forecasting of expected results. That was an end-to-end method of generalization (induction) that covered theoretical and practical stages of the study. It is proved that despite the weakening of gender divisions in the socio-cultural sphere in the world, in developing countries (on the example of Ukraine) gender stereotypes remain a powerful tool for affective approach of media and advertising to the consumer. Author's ways to increase the level of media literacy and critical thinking with the help of gender-sensitive experiments, mini-projects, filling the media space with "mirror" about sexist content and creating a personal media field are proposed.

When a Word Is a Formidable Weapon

The article explores the operation of journalists amid the russian-Ukrainian war. The author underlines the consolidation of Ukrainian media, highlighting in this regard the all-Ukrainian radio marathons, such as the ‘Together we are strong’ broadcast. Ukrainian mass media, particularly broadcasting media, have mobilised into a robust frontline for powerful resistance against the enemy’s attempts to sow panic, launch fakes and disseminate falsehoods. The paper argues that such mobilisation of domestic mass media resources in the war for Ukraine is unique not only for state-level but for global journalism as well. In this connection, the Pulitzer Prize Board recognised Ukrainian journalists with a special award ‘for courage, endurance and commitment to truthful reporting’ in April 2022. The article also states that the challenges of the information sphere, including those of regional outlets, warrant our utmost attention. To understate them, let alone neglect them, means to sabotage our resistance to the enemy, which has been investing colossal capital into its mass media tools. The author observes the sharp lack of military-specialised media outlets following their liquidation amid hastened denationalisation. Finally, he asserts that policymakers need to review certain legislative norms of denationalisation and urgently implement opportunities for restoration and support of all-Ukrainian printed outlets on the state level. Keywords: war, journalists, mass media, information, Pulitzer Prize, broadcast channels.

TV COMMERCIAL AS THE MAIN MEDIA CHANNEL OF THE ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN

The article examines issues related to the use of tv commercial as one of the most influential mass media. In connection with the pandemic that has been going on for the second year in a row, advertisers are cutting their advertising budgets and abandoning such a costly direction as tv commercial. It is pointed out tv commercial is still one of the most powerful marketing communications tools. It has the greatest economic return, so even though budgets are being saved, businesses still try to use it in their advertising campaigns. It is noticed that the choice of one or another of the mass media tools will depend on the goals of the advertising campaign. It has been established that tv commercial has a certain number of advantages, one of which is reaching a large number of audiences and can be used for almost any purpose of an advertising campaign (increasing sales, promoting sales, maintaining a brand image, etc.). It is noted that well-created commercials make consumers worry, form associations, draw certain conclusions, think using certain psychological techniques. A good knowledge of consumer psychology is at the heart of a well-created advertising image and has a significant positive effect. Described and analyzed the media that can be used in the advertising campaign. The main criteria for the selection of media channels and media carriers have been determined. The advantages and disadvantages of the main media carriers are given. It has been established that television is very popular among consumers as it immediately affects the auditory, visual, nervous systems of a person and affects emotional perception. Defined and analyzed the main advertising tools used in tv commercial (commercial, blitz video, expanded video, commercial and demonstration video). It has been noticed that tv commercial is not the most effective promotion tool. Advertising clutters prevent the consumer from perceiving information, he blocks intrusive ads and forms a negative reaction when some brands are mentioned. It is noticed that during tv commercial, it is necessary to take into account the optimal number of impressions and views of advertising, thanks to which the consumer will know about the product and at the same time he will not have negative associations with it.

Constraints and Management Practices of Dairy Farming during COVID-19 Pandemic Situation

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown have created unprecedented emergency and sudden distress on all sectors in India including the livestock sector. Among livestock sectors, dairy farming is more sensitive due to the handling of an essential and perishable commodity of milk.Methods: Under this pandemic situation, the aim of the study to know the constraints confronted and management practices followed by dairy farmers during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The study was conducted in July 2020 in Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. Thirty dairy farmers were selected randomly and data were collected by a personal interview method through a well-structured interview schedule. Socio-economic data were analyzed by statistical methods viz. percentage, mean and standard deviation. Constraints of dairy farming were analyzed and ranked by Mean Weighed Score method and percentage analysis was used for analyzing and ranking management practices.Result: Socio-economic characterstics revealed that more than 86.66 per cent of dairy farmers were belonged low to medium groups and utilized different mass media tools for retrieving information. The constraints analysis revealed that high cost of concentrate feed foremost constraint with Mean Weighed Score of 50.00 were ranked first. Dairy farmers expressed difficultly in the procurement of concentrate, shortage of wheat bran supply and elevated wheat bran cost (MWS 44.44) second important constraints. Dairy farmer’s made alterations in the concentrate feed composition, consulted veterinary doctors over the phone and direct selling of milk as management practices to manage the pandemic situation.

Utilization of mass media tools by post graduate students in Agriculture University

Utilization of mass media tools by post graduate students in Agriculture University

Likbez Kampanyası Dönemindeki Propaganda Posterleri Üzerine Göstergebilimsel Bir İnceleme

The Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin seized power in Russia after the October Revolution in 1917. A literacy campaign was launched in Russia under the title of Elimination of Ignorance Among the Population (ликвидация безграмотности у населения), with the short name Likbez (Ликбез) and an intense effort was made to raise the level of education with the campaign in the country under the leadership of Lenin on December 26, 1919. Especially within the scope of the campaign, propaganda activities were carried out to encourage reading books and to develop the reading habits of the masses. At this stage, propaganda posters, one of the leading mass media tools of the period, were used. In the study, it was aimed to reveal how the propaganda posters were used and what messages were given in the process of encouraging the masses to read books in Likbez, which was initiated in Lenin’s reign. For this purpose, 9 propaganda posters determined were analyzed in the light of the semiotics concepts of the Russian linguist Roman Jakobson. In the findings of the study, it was revealed that the perceptions that people who read books would have a happy and peaceful life were tried to be formed, on the other hand, reading was presented as a way of getting closer to the Communism ideology.

Self-care, A1C and stigmatization as predictors of a negative perception of insulin among adults with type 2 diabetes: a hospital-based study in Turkey

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate diabetes self-care behaviors, stigmatization and A1C as predictors of a negative perception of insulin treatment in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients.Design/methodology/approachA descriptive cross-sectional and relational design was used. The study was carried out in the Diabetes Training Centre and Endocrine and Metabolism Clinic of a university hospital in the southeast of Turkey between May and October 2017. The research sample consisted of 100 type 2 diabetic patients determined by using a convenience sampling method. An introductory information form for type 2 diabetic patients, the Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale (ITAS), Diabetes Self-Care Activities Survey (DSCAS) and Barriers to Insulin Treatment Scale (BIT) were used to collect the research data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations and step wise multi-linear regression.FindingsThe number of daily insulin injections, training received about insulin and stigmatization was significant predictors of a negative perception of insulin treatment.Originality/valueStrategies to decrease diabetic individuals' fear of stigmatization should be utilized to minimize their negative insulin treatment perception (giving diabetic individuals training about diabetes, planning public training to inform society and using mass media tools). Diabetes educators should know that diabetic individuals' perception of the severity of the illness could influence the daily number of injections applied and decrease the negative perception regarding insulin.

Temporal trends in correlates of HIV testing uptake in South Africa: evaluation and population-level impacts of socio-economic factors and information sources

The primary objective of this study was to investigate temporal changes in HIV testing rates and quantify the degree to which these trends can be attributed to certain socio-economic characteristics, as well as exposure to information sources. Data from a nationally representative sample of 30,020 sexually active black Africans who participated in the first, second, third and fourth South African National HIV, Behaviour and Health Surveys conducted in 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2012, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models and population-attributable risks were calculated for the socio-economic characteristics and the information sources. The socio-economic characteristics of the survey participants remained stable over time, while HIV testing rates increased substantially from 20% in 2002 to 70% in 2012. However, there was little improvement in condom use rates. Combined impact of education, employment and geographical locations were associated with increased levels of HIV testing rates. Most of the survey participants (> 80%) were exposed to several mass-media and interpersonal information sources. The combined impact of mass-media tools on HIV testing rates ranged between 48 and 60%, while 40–50% of the HIV tests were collectively attributed to the interpersonal information sources. We observed significant temporal changes in population-level impacts of several key socio-economic characteristics and information sources on HIV testing rates. Widespread nationwide HIV awareness efforts led to significant increases in access to testing facilities and substantial increases in HIV testing rates over time. However, this increase was not mirrored in condom use behaviour.

Agricultural Development Programme's (ADP's) effectiveness in the use of mass media for agricultural information dissemination to farmers in Imo State, Nigeria

This study sought to assess ADP’s effective use of mass media in agricultural information dissemination to farmers in Imo state, Nigeria. A total of 120 farmers were selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Interview schedule was used to elicit information on farmers’ accessibility of agricultural information through mass media, perceived level of use of mass media in receiving agricultural information among farmers and to determine the perceived effectiveness of ADP’s use of mass media in agricultural information dissemination. Data collected were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentages, mean, and PPMC to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The result shows that the majority (88.3%) of the respondents accessed agricultural information through radio. Perceived level of use of mass media in receiving agricultural information (58.3%) was low. Use of mass media in agricultural information dissemination by ADP (59.2%) was ineffective. There was significant relationshipbetween the perceived level of use of mass media in receiving agricultural information (r=0.64) and the perceived effectiveness of ADP’s use of mass media in agricultural information dissemination. The use of mass media in agricultural information dissemination in Imo State by ADP was ineffective. This work recommends that ADP in Imo State establish their own indigenous mass media tools to ensure its effective use by extension agents and control of content for agricultural information dissemination.
 Keywords: ADP, Agricultural information dissemination, Mass media

Çin Propagandasında Çin-Tayvan İlişkilerinin Sunumu: Mao Zedong Dönemi Üzerine İnceleme

1949 yılında Çin Komünist Partisi (ÇKP) lideri Mao Zedong, Çin Milliyetçi Partisi (Kuomintang) lideri Çan Kay Şek'i kesin olarak yenilgiye uğratmıştı. Mao, ülkenin yönetimini ele geçirmiş, Şek ise Tayvan adasına kaçarak yönetimini burada sürdürmüştü. Bu tarihten itibaren Çin ve Tayvan arasında düşmanlık dönemi başlamıştır. Bu aşamada Mao yönetimi, Çin kamuoyunda Tayvan'a karşı yoğun bir propaganda faaliyetine yönelerek, Tayvan'ı düşman bir ülke olarak yansıtmıştı. Çin yönetiminin Tayvan karşıtı faaliyetlerinde en sık kullandığı kitle iletişim araçlarından birisi posterler olmuştu. Bu çalışmada Çin propagandası tarafından Tayvan'a karşı kullanılan posterlerde, Tayvan'ın nasıl ve ne şekilde sunulduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma kapsamında Şanghay Propaganda Posterleri Sanat Müzesi'nden belirlenen altı propaganda posteri, nitel araştırma yöntemleri içerisinde yer alan göstergebilimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada belirlenen Çin propaganda posterleri, Fransız dilbilimci Roland Barthes'ın göstergebilim anlayışı üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada ele edilen bulgularda Çin propagandası tarafından Tayvan'a yönelik doğrudan nefret söylemi oluşturulduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Diğer yandan Çin propagandası posterler üzerinden Mao'nun ölümüne dek Çin'in Tayvan'ı ele geçireceği mesajını verdiği, bu yolla iki ülke arasındaki düşmanlığı canlı tutmaya çalıştığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

A RESEARCH ON USAGE OF WEBSITES AND SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNTS OF AMASYA LOCAL NEWSPAPERS AS PUBLIC RELATIONS TOOL

Dün, “yazılı ve görsel basın” başlığı altında gazete, radyo ve televizyon medya hizmeti sunmaktaydı. Bugün ise yaşanan teknolojik gelişimler sayesinde mobil iletişim, internet tabanlı medya ve sosyal medya ortamlarından oluşan “yeni medya” varlığını göstermiştir. Kurwell’in ifade ettiği üzere, insanlar cebinde taşıyabileceği bir teknolojiye sahip olmaktadır. Geleneksel bir araç olan gazeteler ve bu gazetelerin yeni medya platformlarını kullanımı, çalışmanın konusuna karşılık gelmektedir. Bu yönde Amasya’nın 8 yerel gazetesinin (Taşova Gazetesi, Yeşilirmak Gazetesi, Amasya Objektif, Pusula Gazetesi, Amasya Kent Gazetesi, Suluovanın Sesi Gazetesi, Amasya Yorum Gazetesi, Gümüşhacıköy Haber Gazetesi) web sitelerini ve sosyal medya hesaplarını, halkla ilişkiler bağlamında incelemek ise araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için başvurulan içerik analizine göre yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda geleneksel kitle iletişim araçlarından farklı olarak yeni medya ortamlarında karşılıklı etkileşim, paylaşım ve görüş bildirme durumunun ön plana çıktığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca adı geçen yerel gazetelerin medyayı kullanım amacına ilişkin elde edilen bulguların, konuya dair literatürde yer bulan araştırmaları destekler yönde olması, çalışmanın önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Digitization and its Impact on Political Media Space: Theoretical Aspect

The process of digitization as the new theoretical framework for studying economic, social and political practices is actively applied in the academic discourse, yet the conceptual nature of digitization is not sufficiently studied. The paper analyzes the digitization phenomenon both from the perspective of theoretical comprehension of the impact of digital and novel information and communication technologies (ICT) on various social institutions and processes, and from the perspective of identifying and classifying methodology approaches that exist in the humanities discourse and interpret the process of political media space digitization. An attempt is made to define the main stages of the political media space formation; key mass media tools are identified at each stage. The research identifies the technocratic, discursive and cratological approaches making it possible to identify the features of political media space’s digital transformation. Under conditions of digital society emergence, the political media space is considered to be, on the one hand, a “soft power” instrument and on the other hand, a combination of information resources, mass media institutions, channels and networks building a certain information infrastructure of a country, a region, a city.