Mass Dissemination Research Articles

A Comprehensive Doctrine for an Evolving Threat: Countering Terrorist Use of Social Networks

Terrorists are using social media for the mass dissemination of terrorism-supporting messages. Activating the “long arm of the law” mechanism over media corporations, similar to that in the financial sector, will help to eradicate this phenomenon. The article describes the structure of a holistic framework that expands legal liability for the publication of terrorism-supporting content so that it applies to the entire chain of participants facilitating its distribution: the corporation, the platform, the Web-user publishing the content, and the Web-user viewing the content. The article proposes an adaptation of criminal legal tools at the state and international levels, as well as tools from the field of civil law; finally, the article argues that civil society also has the power to generate social change and to shape a mindset that imposes corporate liability on user content.

Two Sizes May Fit All: Promoting Healthier Choices Through Regulatory Fit in Risk Communications.

For consumers to make healthy informed decisions (e.g. choose a low nutritional risk food product), they need to receive and exchange information with experts, health authorities, health and risk communicators and other interest groups. However, communicators often face the challenge that consumers avoid such information and have a low engagement with health and risk communication activities. This often results from a lack of consideration of consumers' characteristics and communications customization to them. A potential approach to increase engagement with communications is providing information that fits consumers' need and goals, particularly their regulatory orientation. We propose that such customization can be applied within a Mental Models' Approach operationalized through a recently patented Mental Modeling Technology PlatformTM (US9262725B2). Drawing results from psychological science and particularly Regulatory Focus Theory, communications can be customized to two global individual's goal orientation: 1) Promotion focus; 2) Prevention Focus. Communications customized into a promotion orientation (vs. prevention orientation) should make salient gains/positive consequences (vs. losses/negative consequences). Regulatory orientation should be measured in Mental Models Approach step two and message customization in step three (communication design). The role of individual psychological factors which influence food perception and choice should be considered in future studies/interventions to promote healthier decisions. Those responsible for designing mass dissemination messages and/or public health interventions, may benefit from using regulatory fit to facilitate behavior change, particularly when cost-effective personalized bidirectional communications are not possible.

Mass dissemination of web and smartphone-delivered food response inhibition training to reduce unhealthy snacking

Mass dissemination of web and smartphone-delivered food response inhibition training to reduce unhealthy snacking

Otras transformaciones de un género imperialista

“Formas alternativas del género narrativo” que aquí se comenta, es producto de un proyecto interdisciplinar con tres direcciones identificadas y complementadas en la búsqueda de géneros diferentes al narrativo tradicional verbal (oral o impreso). Para textos con esas modalidades tenemos diversas direcciones: a) el marco teórico: hermenéutico sociohistórico, b) la reflexión teórico-didáctica de en las revistas ilustradas con imagen fija y en movimiento (film), y c) el jurídico narrativo mediante el análisis de los testimonios en la corte. Cada una de estas líneas de generación y aplicación del conocimiento está dirigida por un miembro titular y uno o dos colaboradores, además de los estudiantes que trabajan las líneas de sus respectivos tutores. “Formas alternativas del género narrativo” se propone identificar, aunque no de manera exhaustiva, géneros y formatos diferentes al tradicionalmente conocido como relato literario, breve o extenso y que, como término sombrilla, podría denominarse en su forma escrita, épica. En este género cabrían subgéneros como el cuento con múltiples tipos y subtipos, fábulas, leyendas, novelas, mitos, entre otros. Todos ellos en formato impreso, es decir, producido para su difusión masiva, en imprenta a partir de la aportación de Gutenberg. Tenemos que aclarar que, en lo referente a soporte mediático, antiguamente existieron esos mismos géneros escritos (incluso en su forma oral antes de la escritura), pero fueron textos escritos a mano, en pergamino, en piedra, en tejas, en papel y otros medios y formatos materiales.

Statistical process control to monitor the impacts of extraordinary calibrations result on the mass dissemination

Based on the result of the Extraordinary Calibrations conducted by the Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) using the international prototype of the kilogram (IPK) from the end of 2013 to 2014, it was found that the BIPM ‘as-maintained mass unit’ was offset by 35 µg from the mass of the IPK. This result is used by BIPM to create a model. A model has been used to estimate the correction of all 1 kg mass calibration certificates ever issued by BIPM in the period 1992 to 2014. The value of highest mass standard owned by Research Center for Metrology LIPI (RCM LIPI) also updated. This updated mass value affected the calibration results of RCM LIPI working standard by 34 µg. The statistical process control and control chart of check standard weights are used to monitor the impact of the updated mass on mass dissemination for RCM LIPI calibration customer.

Population Control in the Troubled Present: The ‘120 by 20’ Target and Implant Access Program

ABSTRACTIn contrast to claims made by some, it is evident from recent, high‐profile family planning programmes that population control is not ‘history’, belonging to some troubled past. Rather, it persists in the troubled present alongside human rights and women's empowerment approaches. To make this argument, this article examines two family planning efforts which emerged from the 2012 London Summit on Family Planning: the ‘120 by 20’ target of Family Planning 2020 (FP2020), and the Implant Access Program (IAP). These examples illustrate population control practices in today's family planning programmes and highlight their serious implications. First, there are shortcomings in conceptualizing population control as largely in the past. Second, the ‘120 by 20’ and IAP examples suggest that FP2020 as a whole merits critical inquiry. Third, FP2020 raises issues of contraceptive safety regarding both the methods promoted and their mass dissemination. Finally, the claim that population control is history blocks productive re‐visioning of sexual and reproductive health and rights for all people as a development priority.

Factors influencing message dissemination through social media.

Online social networks strongly impact our daily lives. An internet user (a "Netizen") wants messages to be efficiently disseminated. The susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) dissemination model is the traditional tool for exploring the spreading mechanism of information diffusion. We here test our SIR-based dissemination model on open and real-world data collected from Twitter. We locate and identify phase transitions in the message dissemination process. We find that message content is a stronger factor than the popularity of the sender. We also find that the probability that a message will be forwarded has a threshold that affects its ability to spread, and when the probability is above the threshold the message quickly achieves mass dissemination.

Enhancement of chronic bee paralysis virus levels in honeybees acute exposed to imidacloprid: A Chinese case study

Though honeybee populations have not yet been reported to be largely lost in China, many stressors that affect the health of honeybees have been confirmed. Honeybees inevitably come into contact with environmental stressors that are not intended to target honeybees, such as pesticides. Although large-scale losses of honeybee colonies are thought to be associated with viruses, these viruses usually lead to covert infections and to not cause acute damage if the bees do not encounter outside stressors. To reveal the potential relationship between acute pesticides and viruses, we applied different doses of imidacloprid to adult bees that were primarily infected with low levels (4.3×105 genome copies) of chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) to observe whether the acute oral toxicity of imidacloprid was able to elevate the level of CBPV. Here, we found that the titer of CBPV was significantly elevated in adult bees after 96h of acute treatment with imidacloprid at the highest dose 66.9ng/bee compared with other treatments and controls. Our study provides clear evidence that exposure to acute high doses of imidacloprid in honeybees persistently infected by CBPV can exert a remarkably negative effect on honeybee survival. These results imply that acute environmental stressors might be one of the major accelerators causing rapid viral replication, which may progress to cause mass proliferation and dissemination and lead to colony decline. The present study will be useful for better understanding the harm caused by this pesticide, especially regarding how honeybee tolerance to the viral infection might be altered by acute pesticide exposure.

Characteristic of micro injection molding process. Molds, optimization of the process, application with specification to automotive industry

The growing needs for miniaturization of plastic parts motivates to the development of micro injection molding technology. Characteristic features of this process such as: low manufacturing costs, short process duration, the ability to produce details of various dimensions and a wide range of plastic properties allow to mass dissemination of this technology. Research on micro injection molding develops in a very fast time, which gives high hopes for a successful overcoming of the real limitations of this technology. This gives a great perspective on the development of the possibility of using micro injection parts e.g. in the automotive industry. This paper presents the possibilities of manufacturing molds for micro injection molding. The issue of process optimization has been discussed, taking into consideration the main technological parameters influencing the quality of micro-part. In addition, the possibility of using microdetals, including the automotive industry was presented.

A comparison of future realizations of the kilogram

The definition of the kilogram in the International System of Units (SI) is expected to be revised in 2018. The present definition of the kilogram, the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK), adopted in 1889, would then be replaced by a definition based on a fixed numerical value of the Planck constant. The Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities has requested that, as one of the essential steps before the redefinition, a comparison of kilogram realizations based on future realization methods, Kibble balances and x-ray crystal density (XRCD) experiments, be organized.This comparison was carried out during 2016 in the form of a ‘Pilot Study’. One aim of the study was to determine the uniformity of mass dissemination after the redefinition by comparing mass calibrations based on different future realization experiments. Another aim was to test the continuity of the mass unit across the redefinition by comparing mass calibrations based on Kibble balances and XRCD experiments with those based on the IPK. This paper describes the organization of the comparison and presents its results.

КОНСТРУЮВАННЯ РЕЛІГІЙНОГО ДИСКУРСУ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ МАС-МЕДІА

Abstract. Introduction. Religious communication has a complex structure ; it is associated with religious traditions and canons, but must meet the requirements of time. It is transformed under the influence of technical means of transmitting information: the press, radio, television, the Internet, new media. The manifestations of religiosity become more varied, secular and religious communication are moving closer together. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main characteristics of religious mass media and to identify their interrelation in the process of constructing religious discourse. Methods . The paper uses the approach of the Canadian philosopher Herbert Marshall McLuhan . The article is developing the thesis that communication methods and mechanisms for the transfer of information under certain conditions may be more important than the content of a communicative act. Results . Religious mass media meet modern requirements in the communicative sphere, but at the same time they have their own specificity depending on the religion that uses these mass media. Under the influence of the media, religious communication becomes networked and covers all aspects of public and private life. In official communication, religious mass media reveal themselves very organically, are fast and reliable means of mass dissemination of information, and in existential communication that is purely religious – prayer, confession, revelation – not all mass media can be adequately applied. Originality . The article shows that modern religious media actively interact with each other and create a kind of symbiosis that helps to increase the influence of mass communication on a particular person. The closest to the essence of religious communication is the new media, especially social networks, because they have a dialogically-massive nature of communication. Conclusion. The radio and the press are closed in interacting with other mass media. They maintain their communicative traditions and are a continuation of classical religious communication, since they are based on an oral or written word. Television religious discourse offers mass audience coverage and the need for unification of communication. The use of digital media draws religious issues into the field of mass communication and destroys the spatial, social and religious boundaries between people.

Characteristic of micro injection molding process. Standard injection molding, material selection, micro injection molding machines

The growing needs for miniaturization of plastic parts motivates to the development of micro injection molding technology. Characteristic features of this process such as: low manufacturing costs, short process duration, the ability to produce details of various dimensions and a wide range of plastic properties allow to mass dissemination of this technology. Research on micro injection molding develops in a very fast time, which gives high hopes for a successful overcoming of the real limitations of this technology. This gives a great perspective on the development of the possibility of using micro injection parts e.g. in the automotive industry, including the bus production process. This paper presents the conventional injection molding process – i.e. the process essence, the injection molding cycle and the construction of a conventional screw-type injection molding machine. The next part of this article focuses on the characteristics of micro injection molding technology. The essence of material selection and micro-part characteristics for the process were presented. Furthermore, injection molding machines for this process were characterized.

“Argentina is cumbia”

This article analyses the sociocultural trajectories of a group of young men with a low socioeconomic status, all cumbia musicians and producers. The cumbia is one of Argentina’s most popular music genres due to its mass dissemination and the social class of the people who have historically enjoyed it. The tension between agency and structure and the relationship between class and culture will be the main themes explored in this article. By focusing on the family, education and work trajectories of these youths, I examine their relationship to cumbia music. Who chooses to become a cumbia musician, and why? I also examine the meanings of “good” versus “bad” music” and the aesthetic and moral parameters used for its definition. This brings me to class belonging and how it shapes musical choices and facilitates disruptive trajectories. The article is based on biographical interviews conducted between 2012 and 2014, combined with participant observation at cumbia dance clubs in Greater Buenos Aires.

An Overview on Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism

Bioterrorism is the deliberate or threatened use of biological agents; viruses, bacteria, toxins or other agents to cause illness or death in people, animals, or plants. Since most priority bioterrorism agents are zoonotic in origin, there is a heightened awareness and concern about the possibility of bioterrorism involving animals. Veterinarians and livestock owners may be the first to diagnose the early cases of a bioterrorist act, as livestock can be sentinels of such an exposure. List of the most likely biological agents to be used in an act of bioterrorism had been prioritized and these agents are classified into A, B and C categories. Category A agents and disease are easily transmitted from animals to human, (except for smallpox, which has no animal reservoir) person to person, having high mortality rates and potential for a major public health impact. Category B agents and disease are moderately easy to disseminate and result in moderate morbidity rates and low mortality rates. Category C agents and diseases include emerging pathogens that could be engineered for mass dissemination. Although society has limited ability to prevent bioterrorist attacks, there still is a need to take preventative steps to reduce potential risks for such attacks. Increased laboratory scrutiny for disease agents, greater controls for investigations involving these pathogens and other security measures implemented, are necessary to restrict access to dangerous biological agents. Detection of disease in animals may be essential in predicting a bioterrorism event since most threat agents of bioterrorism are microbes causing zoonotic diseases. Veterinarians and veterinary diagnostic laboratories should become a part of nationwide active surveillance for category A, B, and C agents and diseases, as well as for new and emerging bioterrorism agents.

The control system for the magnetic suspension comparator system for vacuum-to-air mass dissemination

<p dir="LTR" align="JUSTIFY">High precision mass comparisons are typically performed such that both masses are measured under nearly identical conditions. However, there are situations where an artefact needs to be calibrated against a standard kept under different conditions. For example, the new realization of the kilogram will be carried out in vacuum but the majority of calibrations services are performed at atmospheric pressure. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology we have developed an apparatus to perform direct mass comparison under such a condition using magnetic suspension. The stability of the magnetically suspended portion of the system plays a large role in the overall uncertainty of a measurement. Here, the control system for the magnetic suspension and the improvements that have been made to improve stability are described.</p>

1892年文部省による尋常小学校への「御影」普及方針確定の経緯 : 「御真影」下賜実現の追求から「御真影複写」「肖像画」奉掲許可へ

1892年文部省による尋常小学校への「御影」普及方針確定の経緯 : 「御真影」下賜実現の追求から「御真影複写」「肖像画」奉掲許可へ

Decentralizing HIV/AIDS Education in the Philippines: A Measure of Awareness from the Grassroots

The HIV/AIDS is pandemic. The study measured the level of understanding of the community on HIV/AIDS as part of measuring the impact of decentralized initiative against HIV/AIDS. It applies the Systems’ Theory of Policy Process developed by David Easton. The study showed that: age, gender, civil status and religion have nothing to do with the level of understanding of the HIV/AIDS. The study revealed that respondents’ of the issue of HIV/AIDS as measured in terms of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs fall within the median range of scores: 2.89 for knowledge, 2.59 for beliefs and 2.93 for attitudes. The study further concluded that there is no significant relationship between the personal profile of the respondents and their level of understanding. The study found that heightened understanding of HIV/AIDS among Rural Health Unit 4 respondents was due to decentralized mass information and dissemination campaign of the Local Government Unit.

Neem leaf glycoprotein regulates function of tumor associated M2 macrophages in hypoxic tumor core: Critical role of IL-10/STAT3 signaling.

Heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME), broadly divided into tumor core and peripheral sub-microenvironments, differentially polarize normal macrophages into a different form known as tumor associated M2 macrophages (M2TAMs) to promote tumor growth. In view of the extensive immune-editing role of NLGP, here, we have observed that NLGP is effective to convert M2TAMs (CD11b+F4/80high) to M1 (CD11b+F4/80low) more prominently in tumor core, along with downregulation of other M2 associated markers, like, ManR, Ym1, Fizz1. High IL-10:IL-12 ratio at tumor core was downregulated in NLGP treated melanoma bearing mice. Decrease in IL-10 by NLGP is again associated with the decrease in hypoxia, as indicated by prominent downregulation of HIF1α and VEGF, particularly at tumor core. Macrophages exposed to hypoxic tumor core lysates in vitro exhibited high IL-10, HIF1α and VEGF expression that was significantly downregulated by NLGP. Further evidences suggest M2TAM to M1 conversion by NLGP is associated with STAT3-regulated IL-10 dependent pathway without affecting the IL-4 dependent one. Such TAM modulatory functions of NLGP might help in the restriction of melanoma growth by increasing the proportion of M1 TAMs in tumor core that helps in prevention of tumor relapse and dissemination of the tumor mass.

Reflexão sobre a Relação entre a Internet e o Estado ns Sociedades Contemporâneas: A Importância de Uma Regulamentação que Compreenda a Dinâmica do Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Valorize os Direitos Fundamentais

O artigo faz uma reflexão, de caráter transdisciplinar e linha de raciocínio hipotéticodedutiva, sobre a relação entre a Internet e o Estado nas sociedades contemporâneas. O objetivo é demonstrar que a Internet não é simplesmente um meio de divulgação da informação em massa e necessita uma devida regulamentação, tendo em vista a dinâmica do desenvolvimento tecnológico e foco na valorização dos Direitos Fundamentais, previstos tanto no ordenamento jurídico interno como internacional, de modo a evitar uma regulamentação que possa configurar uma acepção de estado de exceção, admitindo-se a violação dos direitos dos usuários em prol da soberania estatal.

An FEM Analysis of the Magnetic Fields in the Magnetic Suspension Mass Comparator at NIST

The magnetic suspension mass comparator is a specialized mass comparison system used for vacuum-to-air mass dissemination. Magnetic suspension is used to couple a mass located in a sealed chamber a...