Work Of Mason Research Articles

Study of Fatigue in Metals Using Ultrasonic Technique

An investigation of the basic mechanisms associated with cyclic and fatigue stressing was undertaken employing as a research tool a megacycle frequency internal friction method (ultrasonic wave attenuation). The materials used were plain high-carbon and alloy steels (SAE 1095 and SAE 4340). The behaviour of lattice imperfections, dislocations and interstitial atoms (carbon) in particular, was studied in more detail, since these are reported to have a strong influence on the fatigue characteristics of iron-base alloys.Initially, static stressing conditions were studied. Using a dislocation loop pinning model, the conditions for the break-away of a dislocation loop from interstitial atoms in annealed and in cold-worked material were investigated. These findings were applied to the experimental results obtained on cyclic stressing and an interpretation is offered in terms of the formation of active dislocation loops and their immobilization by interstitial atoms.The results are discussed with reference to improving fatigue characteristics of iron-base alloys and a similarity with the work of Mason (19) on non-ferrous metals is noted.

COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGIC ASSAY OF CORTIN-LIKE SUBSTANCES IN NORMAL MALE URINE*

CHEMICAL analysis for the estimation of urinary “cortin” excretion in normal and abnormal subjects has been widely employed recently. The chemical methods have been based on oxidation of the a-ketol side chain at carbon 17 and the α, β-unsaturated 3-ketone grouping of ring A of the adrenal steroid nucleus (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Both groups are essential for biologic cortin activity and chemically have a strong reducing action. The exact nature of the urinary material is not known although it has been assumed that it represents one or more of the known biologically active compounds which have been isolated from adrenal cortical extracts. This possibility has been further strengthened by the recent work of Mason et al. (6) who isolated 17-hydroxycorticosterone from the urine in a case of Cushing's syndrome associated with severe diabetes mellitus. Since the chemical methods of estimation of urinary cortin are sufficiently simple to be useful in routine clinical and research studies, it was considered advisable to...

Sir Robert Peel’s ‘Select Irish library’

While in Ireland as chief secretary (1812–18) Sir Robert Peel became acquainted with William Shaw Mason, the Irish topographer and statistician who was remembrancer or receiver of the first-fruits or twentieth parts in Ireland and secretary to the commissioners for public records. Impressed with Mason's work and abilities, Peel encouraged him to prepare a major statistical survey of Ireland, along the lines of Sir John Sinclair's famous survey of Scotland; and the result was the three-volume work entitled A statistical account, or parochial survey of Ireland, drawn up from the communications of the clergy (the three volumes were published in 1814, 1816, and 1819 respectively), which is still a valuable record of the period. In 1819 Mason compiled a Survep, valuation, and census of the barony of Portnehinch in Queen's County. Published in 1821, this work was submitted to George IV during the royal visit to Ireland in that year ‘as a model for a statistical survey of the whole country’.

The Secret of the Mediaeval Masons

since they were not bound a guild in any specific city. Their vocation forced them wander from place place where churches were erected and stone masons were needed. Thus they were free and had the character of an international society. The same Italian stone masons worked at Speyer in Germany and at Lund in Sweden; French stone masons worked in Germany, and so on. They were nevertheless regionally organized. Only in Germany had an organization been fully developed. Four major lodges became the centers for the smaller ones: Strasbourg, Cologne, Vienna and Bern. In these places disputes were settled by the head master, for the guild had its own jurisdiction. A court was needed for final decisions and this honor was bestowed on the lodge of Strasbourg probably as early as the time of the erection of the nave of Strasbourg Cathedral in the second half of the thirteenth century.' All these lodges had their written rules which probably slowly became unified. In Germany this unification was accomplished when the representatives of nearly all lodges of Germany, including those of Switzerland and Alsace, held a common session in Regensburg in 1459. The rules defined at that eeting were later confirmed by Emperor Maximilian I in 1498. From this document of 1459 we know not only that there was a secret but also what it referred. Paragraph thirteen says: Also no workman, nor master, nor parlier, nor journeyman shall teach anyone, whatever he may be called, not being one of our handicraft and never having done mason work, how take the elevation from the ground plan.2 There were still other secrets but they were intended preserve this main one intact. It was the master's duty keep the book of the lodge and have it read the masons every year. The journeyman who was promoted had take an oath not reveal anyone the secret salutation, etc. Secrets arouse curiosity. We want know what this sentence means: to take the elevation from the ground plan. But there is no need guess for ourselves. Only one generation after the great session of Regensburg the master of the cathedral of this Bavarian town, Matthius Roriczer, published the secret in a small booklet with the consent of the bishop of Regensburg.' Roriczer probably had been

THE USE OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS IN TRANSLOCATION STUDIES

THE USE OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS IN TRANSLOCATION STUDIES

THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS IN MALNUTRITION EFFECTS OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN UPON ATROPHIC GENITALIA OF UNDERFED MALE RATS

PROLONGED UNDERFEEDING, whether induced intentionally, or incidentally as the result of some extraneous experiment which causes anorexia, leads to marked depression of the endocrine glands (1). It has been suggested that the term pseudo-hypophysectomy best describes the regressive changes in the endocrine organs occurring during inanition, because they resemble the changes which follow hypophysectomy (1-4). Some evidence in support of the validity of this term comes from the work of Mason and Wolfe (5) who reported that the hypophyses of underfed male rats had low gonadotropic activity. Werner (6) corroborated these findings by demonstrating a decrease in the gonadotropic hormone content of the hypophysis of the underfed female rat. More recently the pseudo-hypophysectomy syndrome was studied in the chick (7, 8) in the guinea pig (9) and in man (10). Jackson (11) reviewed the literature on the effects of inanition on the testes and accessory genitalia.

Art. X.—Burmese Transliteration

In 1872 the Local Government of the province arranged to become purchaser of Dr. Mason's work on “Burma.” The author was an American missionary, who had spent nearly all his life in the country, and whose name is well known amongst Oriental scholars as having been the first to discover and bring to light Kaccayāno's Pali Grammar, which is to this day the handbook here in every village school. The last edition of “Burma” had been published in 1860. Since that date the writer had been amassing new collectanea, and it was agreed that he should personally supervise a fresh publication, which was intended, in his hands, to become a kind of encyclopædia of all scientific subjects connected with the province. But Dr. Mason was never destined to see the consummation of the work he had laboured at so long. For some time his missionary duties interfered with all active literary endeavour, and his death in 1874 finally prevented the execution of the original design. His notes and MSS., after remaining for three years in the possession of his widow, have been consigned by Government to one who is fully conscious how incompetent he is single-handed for the task.