Maslach Burnout Research Articles

Measuring Prevalence of Burnout among Nurses in Hospital Ward

Burnout is a phenomenon commonly found in nurses, arising from chronic work fatigue. It is a detrimental and impactful syndrome that affects not only the individual, but also the organization and the patients. This study aims to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome in nurses working in hospital wards. The research design used is descriptive quantitative. The population in this study comprises 78 nurses who worked in the inpatient room of a private hospital in Malang Regency. The sampling technique used was total sampling. Data were collected using the MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) questionnaire which contains 22 items designed to assess burnout symptoms in health workers. The MBI measures three indicators of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The value ranges for low, medium, and high risk are 0–18, 19–26, and 26 for emotional exhaustion; 0–5, 6–9, 9 for depersonalization; and 0-33, 34–39, 39 for reduced personal accomplishment. Burnout is determined if emotional exhaustion and Depersonalization are both "high", or if emotional exhaustion is "high" and personal accomplishment is "low". The results of this study showed that 7.7% of nurses experienced burnout, 71.8% of nurses experienced symptoms of emotional exhaustion in the low category, all respondents experienced symptoms of depersonalization in the low category, and symptoms of self-achievement as many as 52.6% of nurses are in the low category. The conclusion of this research is that only a few respondents experienced burnout. However, the risk of burnout still exists, as indicated by the low personal accomplishment among respondents. Identifying factors that influence burnout can help to better understand this phenomenon nurses.

STOPTHEBURN: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Death Cafés for Burnout Prevention in ICU Employees.

Effective interventions to prevent burnout among intensive care unit (ICU) clinicians are urgently needed. Death Cafés, group discussions about death, build a sense of community and create a space for reflection on distressing events. To assess whether participation in regular Death Cafés can prevent burnout in ICU clinicians (physicians, nurses, pharmacists, therapists). A randomized clinical trial was conducted from July 2020-December 2022 in ten ICUs in Louisiana. Subjects were randomized to attend four psychotherapist-facilitated, virtual Death Cafés or to a control arm. The primary outcome was burnout defined by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) at 6 months. Depression and anxiety scores were measured as well as qualitative data on stressors, coping, and Death Café experience. Among 340 clinicians screened and consented (171 physicians; 169 non-physicians), 251 participated (mean age 31.06.8 years, 63% female, 72% white, 37% nurses, 27% residents, 25% interns, 11% other). Burnout prevalence was 19% at baseline. Of 136 participants who completed 6-month follow-up, no significant differences were found between intervention and control for the primary outcome (18% versus 25%, unadjusted OR 0.64 [95% CI 0.26-1.57], p=0.33). There were no differences in anxiety or depression. Notably, the study was limited by an inability to achieve target enrollment and high attrition rate (46%). Virtual Death Cafés were unable to reduce burnout, although the study was underpowered to detect differences between groups. Clinical trial registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04347811).

Investigation of Burnout Levels of Special Education Teacher Candidates

The current research is to examine the burnout levels of special education teacher candidates. This study used a correlational survey design. 311 teacher candidates studying in the special education department in Turkiye in the 2023-2024 academic year participated in the research. The research data were collected through the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Form (MTE-Student Form). The analysis of the obtained data was carried out through the statistical package program. Independent groups t-test was used to reveal the differences in variables related to the gender of the teacher candidates, their satisfaction with the special education teaching department they studied in, and their interaction with individuals with special needs in the past. One-way analysis of variance ANOVA was used to determine the differentiation in terms of variables related to the grade level of education. In cases where differentiation was understood, the Tukey test was used to reveal the reason for the differentiation and to control the difference between the means. As a result of the research, it is revealed that there is a significant difference (p˂0.05) between the gender, grade level, satisfaction with the special education department and interaction with individuals with special needs in the past and burnout levels of pre-service teachers. In order to reduce burnout in pre-service special education teachers, personal achievement and skills of these individuals should be developed, activities that encourage learning should be included and group work should be included.

Occupational stress, burnout, and job satisfaction amongst Spanish speech-language pathologists

Purpose The current research aimed to determine the prevalence and the relationships between perceived stress, burnout, and job satisfaction among practicing speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Spain. In addition, their perspectives and experiences related to their job were explored. Method A mixed methods research design was used with cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative methodology. Four hundred and thirty-eight SLPs completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Font Roja Job Satisfaction Questionnaire in order to report perceived stress, burnout, and job satisfaction, respectively. Ten SLPs participated in semi-structured interviews. Result With respect to stress, 61.6% of SLPs reported a moderate level of stress and 18.7% reported a high level of stress. With respect to burnout, only 7.56% of the participants met the criteria commonly used for its diagnosis. However, 45.2% of SLPs reported a high level of emotional exhaustion, and 52.7% expressed a low degree of personal accomplishment. Job satisfaction was average for 94% of SLPs and high for just 1% of participants. The level of job satisfaction was significantly related to job stress, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalisation. Qualitative content analyses produced themes and subthemes regarding work recognition, relationships with people in the workplace, work conditions, and job control. Conclusion A noteworthy percentage of SLPs reported emotional exhaustion and reduced personal achievement. Findings suggest that strengthening job control and social support might become protective factors to avoid the full development of burnout, which should impact positively on an individual’s wellbeing and, in turn, the quality of the services provided.

Burnout and personality factors among surgical area nurses: a cross sectional multicentre study.

To determine levels of burnout among surgical area nurses in Andalusia (Spain), to identify the phase of burnout in each participant and to consider its relationship with sociodemographic, occupational variables and personality factors considered. Data were collected by means of questionary. All nurses working in the surgical area on the date of data collection participated in the study. Sociodemographic and related to work variables were addressed in the questionnaire. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression (CECAD). Psychological personality variables were assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), adapted for a Spanish population. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Multicentre, cross-sectional, quantitative study carried out from August to October 2021. Descriptive analysis, Student's t-test for independent samples, Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression were performed with SPSS 25.0. The study sample consisted of 214 surgical area nurses at 23 hospitals in Andalusia (Spain). Sociodemographic, occupational and personality variables were studied using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression. The STROBE statement guidelines were applied. 29.4% of the nurses in the sample presented high levels of emotional exhaustion, 25.7% suffered from depersonalization and 28% had low levels of personal accomplishment. These three dimensions were significantly correlated with the NEO-FFI subscales (neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and extraversion), and with all the anxiety and depression items considered. Agreeableness was a statistically significant predictor (p < 0.001) for all three dimensions of burnout. Nurses in the surgical area present high levels of Burnout. There is evidence that relates Burnout to personality factors and socio-demographic variables.

Attributes Associated with Burnout among Pediatric Residents in Training Hospitals of Central Visayas

This study focused on burnout among pediatric resident physicians in Central Visayas, exploring its association with various factors and coping strategies. The research objectives aimed to describe the socio-demographic profiles of respondents, assess burnout levels, analyze psychological distress, examine associations between socio-demographic factors and burnout/psychological distress, and identify burnout factors and coping strategies. The study utilized a cross-sectional design involving 80 pediatric residents, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire, and self-assessment questions. The analysis included mean, standard deviation, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests to explore associations and predictors of burnout. The findings revealed no incidence of burnout but indicated moderate emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and high personal accomplishment. The majority had experienced burnout in previous residency years. The top burnout factors were co-residents, conflicts, and consultants, while coping strategies included stress eating, exercise, and vacation leave. Psychological distress ranged from mild to severe, with anxiety and depression prevalent among certain groups. The study suggests the need for work-life balance training to address burnout incidents, particularly in developing economies like the Philippines. This recommendation aims to support the well-being of pediatric residents and improve their work-life balance.

Burnout, Exhaustion, Experiences of Discrimination, and Stress Among Underrepresented and First-Generation College Students in Graduate Health Profession Education.

Mental health disorders are increasing among health profession students. Compounding this, students from underrepresented backgrounds may face additional stressors and challenges. The aims of this study were to: (1) assess the extent to which burnout, exhaustion, experiences of discrimination, and stress exist among students in dentistry, nursing, occupational therapy, pharmacy, and physical therapist professional education programs; (2) determine if there are significant differences by key demographic characteristics (those who are first-generation college students [FGCSs], a member of an underrepresented minority [URM] group, or both); and (3) highlight strategies and solutions to alleviate these challenges identified by students. Cross-sectional survey using a mix of question types of a sample of graduate students from dentistry, nursing, occupational therapy, pharmacy, and physical therapy programs from February to June 2020. Utilizing the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey and campus climate and stress survey, mean subscale scores were calculated for the following outcomes of interest: MBI-SS burnout, dimensions of stress, and observed racism. Logistic regressions examined student factors that may help explain these outcomes. Content analysis examined participants' responses to open-ended questions. There were 611 individuals who completed all survey questions. FGCSs were significantly more likely than non-FGCSs to report exhaustion (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.50; 95% CI = 1.04-2.16), family stress (aOR: 3.11; 95% CI = 2.13-4.55), and financial stress (aOR: 1.74; 95% CI = 1.21-2.50). URM students reported not feeling supported in their program and mentioned needing additional support, particularly for well-being, from staff and faculty. Findings from this study are consistent with literature that FGCSs experience additional stressors that may lead to burnout and exhaustion. URM students reported not feeling supported in their programs. This study's findings point to the need for leadership and faculty of health professional schools to implement or strengthen current policies, practices, and strategies that support URM students and FGCSs. Research demonstrates that a diverse student body and faculty enhances the educational experience for health professional students, and that diversity strengthens the learning environment and improves learning outcomes, preparing students to care for an increasingly diverse population. However, this study finds that students from underrepresented backgrounds may still experience more burnout, exhaustion, discrimination, and stress than their peers. Programs and policies to support URM students and FGCSs throughout their academic careers can help improve graduation and retention rates, leading to improved workforce diversity.

Prevalence of burnout among military personnel in the plateau region of China: a cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesThe geographical environment and military activities in the plateau area pose potential work-related stressors for military personnel, leading to burnout which is an external manifestation of internal energy exhaustion caused by stress. Without countermeasures, this can result in serious military problems. This study aims to examine the association between burnout and occupational stressors among military personnel stationed in the plateau area of China.Material and methodsA stratified randomized cluster sampling survey was conducted among 2026 military personnel from 6 different troops stationed in the plateau area of China. The Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey(MBI-GS in Chinese) was administered from March 2022 to December 2023, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.ResultsA total of 2026 military personnel participated in the survey. The mean overall burnout score was 3.37 ± 0.73, with emotional exhaustion at 2.69 ± 0.89, depersonalization at 3.58 ± 0.92, and professional achievement at 3.81 ± 0.85 levels respectively reported by participants on average scale scores ranging from zero to six. Severe level of burnout was reported by 43.2% of participants while medium level of burnout was reported by 54 .3%. Age, education level, length of military service, and household income were identified as important factors influencing burnout.ConclusionThis study highlights a relatively high prevalence of burnout among military personnel stationed in plateau areas necessitating attention towards their occupational health particularly focusing on working hours and economic aspects so as to formulate effective policies and implement intervention measures that strengthen career development for soldiers deployed in such regions.

THE PREVALENCE OF STRESS LEVEL AND BURNOUT AMONG PRACTICING VASCULAR SURGEONS IN PAKISTAN

Vascular surgeons in Pakistan confront challenging work conditions that can lead to a high incidence of burnout, a state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged and intense stress. With the specialty still emerging in Pakistan. Objective: This study sought to quantify the prevalence of stress levels and burnout among these surgeons. Methods: Conducted by the Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Institute of Trauma, Karachi, this cross-sectional electronic survey included all practicing vascular surgeons. Non-probability convenience sampling was employed, and data were collected over two weeks using Google Forms. The Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel was incorporated to measure burnout. Results: The survey found a significant presence of high-level burnout symptoms among vascular surgeons, particularly in emotional exhaustion and personal achievement domains, with lesser but still notable levels among orthopedic and general surgeons. A substantial number reported low job satisfaction and experienced family conflicts. Conclusion: The study highlights the critical levels of burnout among vascular surgeons in Pakistan, emphasizing the need for interventions to mitigate stress and improve job satisfaction.

Validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey 9-item short version: psychometric properties and measurement invariance across age, gender, and continent.

The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) stands as the preeminent tool for assessing burnout across various professions. Although the MBI-GS9 emerged as a derivative of the MBI-GS and has seen extensive use over several years, a comprehensive examination of its psychometric properties has yet to be undertaken. This study followed the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing guidelines to validate the MBI-GS9. Employing a combined approach of classical test theory and item response theory, particularly Rasch analysis, within an integrated framework, the study analyzed data from 16,132 participants gathered between 2005 and 2015 by the Centre for Organizational Research at Acadia University. The findings revealed that the MBI-GS9 exhibited satisfactory reliability and validity akin to its predecessor, the MBI-GS. Across its three dimensions, Cronbach's α and omega coefficients ranged from 0.84 to 0.91. Notably, the MBI-GS9 displayed no floor/ceiling effects and demonstrated good item fit, ordered threshold, acceptable person and item separation and reliability, clear item difficulty hierarchy, and a well-distributed item threshold. However, the results suggested a recommended minimum sample size of 350 to mitigate potential information loss when employing the MBI-GS9. Beyond this threshold, the observed mean difference between the MBI-GS and MBI-GS9 held minimal practical significance. Furthermore, measurement equivalence tests indicated that the MBI-GS9 maintained an equivalent three-factor structure and factor loadings across various gender, age, and continent groups, albeit with inequivalent latent values across continents. In sum, the MBI-GS9 emerges as a reliable and valid alternative to the MBI-GS, particularly when utilized within large, diverse samples across different age and gender demographics. However, to address potential information loss, a substantial sample size is recommended when employing the MBI-GS9. In addition, for cross-cultural comparisons, it is imperative to initially assess equivalence across different language versions at both the item and scale levels.

Investigation of burnout and quality of work life of cardiac surgery nurses: A cross-sectional study.

The care processes of cardiac surgery patients are difficult, complex and stressful. Nurses, who have an important role in the care of these patients, may experience burnout or poor quality of work life may be affected because of difficult care processes, and professional difficulties. This study analysed burnout and quality of work life in cardiac surgery nurses. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 68 nurses in the clinic and intensive care unit of a university hospital's cardiovascular surgery department. Clinical nurses care for inpatients in this department, while intensive care nurses care for patients in the intensive care unit. The 'Sociodemographic and Descriptive Characteristics of Nurses Form', 'Maslach Burnout Inventory' and 'Nursing Work Quality of Life Scale' were used to collect the data. The mean score of emotional exhaustion sub-dimension of Maslach Burnout Inventory was 15.25 ± 5.08 (min: 7, max: 27), the mean score of the personal accomplishment sub-dimension was 17.48 ± 4.90 (min: 8, max: 27), and the mean score of depersonalization sub-dimension was 5.60 ± 2.70 (min: 0, max: 13). The mean scores of the emotional exhaustion sub-dimension (t: -2.380, p: .020, risk ratio [RR]: 1.67, confidence interval [CI]: [14.21, 18.82]) and the personal accomplishment sub-dimension (t: -2.604, p: .011, RR: 1.00, CI: [16.08, 19.92]) were higher in intensive care nurses. The mean total score of the nursing quality of work life scale was 107.20 ± 14.60 (min: 72, max: 149). A negative statistically significant relationship was found between the mean scores of emotional exhaustion (r: -0.243, p: .045) and depersonalization sub-dimension (r: -0.325, p: .007) of the Maslach Burnout Scale and the mean total score of the nursing quality of work life scale. In this study, it can be said that cardiac surgery nurses had moderate levels of emotional burnout, personal accomplishment and quality of work life, and low levels of depersonalization. At the same time, it can be seen that intensive care nurses have higher levels of emotional burnout. The increased emotional burnout and depersonalization in nurses decreased the quality of work life. This study provided an understanding of burnout and quality of work life of cardiac surgery nurses. Strategies can be developed to reduce burnout and improve the quality of the work life of cardiac surgery nurses. Particular attention should be paid to intensive care nurses who experience more burnout on several sub-dimensions. This may be a good approach to improving the quality of patient care.

A network analysis of self-compassion and burnout in a sample of nurses.

In the nursing profession, the concept of self-compassion has been associated with burnout. However, to date, the fine-grained relationships between different dimensions of self-compassion and symptoms of burnout have not been investigated. Network analysis provides a new avenue for exploring the fine-grained correlation paths of two related variables. To analyse the nuanced associations between self-compassion and burnout using network analysis in a large cohort of Chinese nurses. A cross-sectional multi-centre survey design study. Participants were recruited from 30 hospitals in China between April and May 2022. These nurses completed the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (C-MBI-GS) and Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). Network analysis was performed to illustrate the complex nuanced relationships between self-compassion and burnout. A total of 1467 nurses (age 32.2 [18-56] years; 89.9% were female) participated in the study. Nodes Mindfulness and Isolation had the highest centralities measured by strength. Nodes Mindfulness, reduced personal accomplishment and Isolation were the most negative and positive influential nodes that bridged self-compassion and burnout. There were no differences in terms of gender, age, professional title and job tenure in the structure or connectivity of the self-compassion and burnout network. Different components of self-compassion were specifically associated with different dimensions of burnout in registered nurses. Among these, Mindfulness, Isolation and Reduced personal accomplishment were the three most important components of self-compassion for burnout symptoms. No patient or public contribution. Understanding the intricate connections between self-compassion and burnout will allow hospital administrators to prioritize the elements of Mindfulness and Isolation within self-compassion and the dimension of Reduced personal accomplishment within burnout when designing preventative measures and interventions aimed at reducing nurse burnout.

Does attending to extremely poor clients increase the burnout of social workers?

ABSTRACT This study examines how working with extremely poor clients contributes to social worker burnout. Previous research has shown that the emotional labour social workers perform on a daily basis may have negative consequences such as job stress and burnout. Studies have also reported that clients’ poverty may increase these consequences through several mechanisms. Based on these findings, we hypothesised that social workers working with extremely poor clients will be more likely to burn out than those working with less poor clients. Data from a survey of Hungarian social workers in child and family welfare services were analysed using linear regression models. Burnout was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) distinguishing three dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and personal accomplishment. Results show that working with extremely poor clients is not associated with higher emotional exhaustion and higher depersonalisation, but it significantly decreases the perceived level of personal accomplishment. This finding highlights the importance of addressing the significant chronic stress experienced by those working with the extremely poor, which exposes them to various mental and physical illnesses in the long term. The study also discusses the methodological implications of our findings on the applicability of the MBI.

Diversity engagement is associated with lower burnout among anesthesia providers

Study objectiveThe high prevalence of burnout among anesthesia providers is a well-established, multifactorial problem that deserves systematic attention and action. This study aimed to identify how perceptions of institutional diversity engagement are associated with burnout and perceived stress among anesthesia personnel. DesignSurvey-based prospective cross-sectional study. SettingAnesthesiology department that encompasses community and academic hospitals in a large healthcare system. ParticipantsOne-hundred and sixty anesthesiology department employees over 18 years of age (i.e. attending physicians, trainees, advanced practice providers and others). MeasurementsA web-based survey with 39 questions measured: demographics, diversity engagement, burnout, and perceived stress. The primary objective was to assess the association of burnout and diversity engagement and the mediating effect of perceived stress in this relationship. Our secondary objective was to measure the prevalence of burnout, diversity engagement, and perceived stress. Burnout, diversity engagement, and perceived stress were measured using a validated two-item survey developed from the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, the 22-item Diversity Engagement Survey (DES), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4), respectively. Main resultsMean scores were 4.4 (SD 3.2) for burnout, 78.3 (SD 14.3) for DES, and 4.8 (SD 2.6) for perceived stress. Higher DES score predicted lower burnout (β = −0.11 [95% CI −0.14, −0.08], P < 0.001) and lower perceived stress (β = −0.05 [95% CI −0.08, −0.03], P < 0.001). Mediation analysis estimated the total effect of burnout (β = −0.10, P < 0.001), which comprised the direct effect of diversity engagement (β = −0.08, P < 0.001) and indirect effect of perceived stress (β = −0.02, P = 0.0048). ConclusionsThe perception of increased institutional diversity engagement is associated with reduced burnout among anesthesia providers, in part due to a reduction in perceived stress. Implementing interventions at the leadership level that improve diversity engagement may reduce the negative effects of perceived stress and burnout, potentially improving patient care.

Prevalence and risk of burnout among HIV service providers in South Africa and Zambia: findings from the HPTN 071 (PopART) trial

BackgroundIn the high disease burden and resource-constrained contexts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), health workers experience a range of psychosocial stressors that leave them vulnerable to developing burnout, which can reduce service quality and negatively impact their own health and wellbeing. As universal testing and treatment (UTT) for HIV scales up across SSA, we sought to understand the implications of this human resource-intensive approach to HIV prevention to inform decision-making about health workforce staffing and support needs.MethodsUsing the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), we assessed the prevalence of three domains of burnout—emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment—among three cadres of health workers delivering health services in areas receiving a UTT intervention in Zambia and South Africa. These cadres included health facility workers (n = 478), community health workers (n = 159), and a study-specific cadre of community HIV care providers (n = 529). We used linear regression to assess risk factors associated with emotional exhaustion, the only domain with sufficient variation in our sample.ResultsThe MBI-HSS was completed by 1499/2153 eligible participants (69.6% response rate). Less than 1% of health workers met Maslach’s definition for burnout. All groups of health workers reported lower levels of emotional exhaustion than found in previous studies of this type (mean score scores ranged from 10.7 to 15.4 out of 54 across health cadres). Higher emotional exhaustion was associated with higher educational attainment (βadj = 2.24, 95% CI 0.76 to 3.72), greater years providing HIV services (βadj = 0.20, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.36), and testing negative for HIV at last HIV test (βadj = − 3.88 − 95% CI 5.69 to − 2.07). Working as a CHW was significantly associated with lower emotional exhaustion (βadj = − 2.52, 95% CI − 4.69 to − 0.35). Among all health workers, irrespective of HIV status, witnessing stigmatizing behaviors towards people living with HIV among their co-workers was associated with significantly increased emotional exhaustion (βadj = 3.38, 95% CI 1.99 to 4.76).ConclusionsThe low level of burnout detected among health workers is reassuring. However, it remains important to assess how UTT may affect levels of emotional exhaustion among health workers over time, particularly in the context of emerging global pandemics, as burnout may impact the quality of HIV services they provide and their own mental health and wellbeing. Interventions to reduce HIV stigma in health facilities may protect against emotional exhaustion among health workers, as well as interventions to increase mindfulness and resilience among health workers at risk of burnout.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01900977.

The independent and interactive effects of changes in overtime and night shifts during the COVID-19 pandemic on burnout among nurses: a longitudinal study.

This study aimed to evaluate the independent and interactive effects of changes in overtime and night shifts on burnout among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses working in an Italian university hospital (N=317) completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory in September 2019 and again in December 2020. Based on hospital administrative data, changes in overtime and night shifts in the same years were categorized into three groups each. Linear regressions were used to estimate 2020 burnout differences between exposure groups, controlling for 2019 burnout levels, demographic and work-related characteristics, and to test the interaction between the two exposures. Nurses in the onset of high overtime group had higher emotional exhaustion [4.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74-6.92], depersonalization (2.10, 95% CI 0.49-3.71), and poor personal accomplishment (2.64, 95% CI 0.55-4.74) compared to stable low overtime nurses. Nurses in the increase in night shifts group had lower emotional exhaustion (-4.49, 95% CI -7.46- -1.52) compared to no night shift nurses. Interaction analyses revealed that this apparently paradoxical effect was limited to stable low overtime nurses only. Moreover, increases in night shifts were associated with higher depersonalization and poor personal accomplishment in nurses in the stable high overtime group. Increase in overtime is an independent risk factor for burnout among nurses, highlighting the need for specific regulations and actions to address it. Long-standing guidelines for the assignment of night shifts might have contributed to attenuate the impact of their increase on nurses' mental health.

Validation of the Hungarian version of the 6-item turnover intention scale among elderly care workers

This research examines the psychometric characteristics and reliability of the 6-item turnover intention scale (TIS-6) by Bothma and Roodt (SA J Hum Resour Manag 11:a507, 2013) on a Hungarian sample. The internal validity of the TIS-6 was assessed using data from 269 Hungarian elderly care institution workers. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to analyse the structural validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined with questions on job characteristics and using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale. IBM SPSS 28.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, and the results were considered significant at p < 0.05. The internal consistency of the questionnaire's scale proved to be acceptable (α = 0.826). Convergent validity was confirmed by the relationships between the components of the questionnaire and burnout (rs = 0.512; p < 0.001; rs = 0.419; p < 0.001) and workplace stress (rs = 0.565; p < 0.001; rs = 0.310; p < 0.001). There were significant differences between the TIS-6 scores among the groups with different degrees of burnout (p < 0.001), which indicated adequate discriminant validity of the questionnaire. The structural validity of the questionnaire was acceptable, and the scale questions fit well. The Hungarian version of the TIS-6 scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing turnover intention among elderly care institution workers in Hungary.

Satisfaction and wellbeing of general surgery trainees in the Saudi Arabian residency educational environment: A mixed-methods study

BackgroundSurgical residency training is prominently demanding and stressful. This can affect the residents' wellbeing, work-life balance and increase the rates of burnout. We aimed to assess rates of satisfaction and burn-out among GS residents in the national training programs and provide a subsequent in-depth analysis of the potential reasons. MethodA sequential explanatory mixed-methods study was conducted using an online survey and virtual interviews. The validated abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory (aMBI) was used to assess burnout while satisfaction was assessed via 5-points Likert scale. ResultsAfter excluding incomplete responses from the total 74 received, 53 were analyzed. The average participant age was 27.4 ± 2 years, with females comprising 52 % of the sample. Junior residents made up 58.5 %, and nearly half −45 %- considered quitting GS training. Moderate to high burnout rates were noted on each aMBI subscale, ranging from 41.7 % to 62.5 %. The majority of residents expressed dissatisfaction with the level of research engagement (81.1 %), supervision, and mentorship. However, operative exposure was a source of satisfaction. Dissatisfaction rates with intra-operative learning, academia, teaching, and clinical exposure were 62.3 %, 52.8 %, 50.9 %, and 35.8 %, respectively. Interviews revealed surgical case flow and a friendly work environment as major satisfaction sources. Conversely, lack of academic supervision and suboptimal hands-on training were major dissatisfaction sources. ConclusionDissatisfaction and burn-out is prevalent among national GS training programs. Sub-optimal educational delivery and low-quality hands-on operative exposure -rather than lack of exposure to cases- seem to be the culprit.

Factors associated with anxiety disorders among healthcare workers (HCWS) involved in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In a context of reorganization of the activity, of increase of the psychological, emotional and physical constraints of the nursing staff induced by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase of the anxiety disorders could occur. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anxiety disorders in healthcare workers (HCWs) by wards and to investigate medical, personal, and occupational factors associated with anxiety disorder. In France, in May 2020, a monocentric observational cross-sectional study was proposed to 285 HCWs of the University Hospital of Saint Etienne, working in 3 types of randomly selected care wards. Information was collected using an anonymous self-questionnaire offered to eligible HCWs. Validated questionnaires were used to assess anxiety (Hospital anxiety and Depression Scale) and burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory). Of the 164 HCWs who participated in the study (57% participation rate), 69 (42%) caregivers had anxious symptomatology. The prevalence of anxiety disorders did not differ significantly by type of wards. Anxiety disorders are significantly associated with occupational factors (increased COVID-19 stress level, increased emotional load, increased mental load, high work/life stress during confinement, emotional exhaustion and loss of empathy), with medical factors (medical history of anxiety disorders, psychotropic treatment and impaired sleep quality) and personal factors (concern about working conditions and/or media reports). Preventive actions focusing on organizational factors could be carried out to reduce the emotional and mental load, the level of stress and the burnout of HCWs.

Evaluation of Burnout among Medical Officers and Dental Surgeons in State Health Services using Maslach's Burnout Inventory during COVID-19: A Cross Sectional Study.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became a worldwide public health crisis. It leads to raised levels of burnout and anxiety among the people of the medical and dental fraternity, especially those involved in various duties related to COVID-19. The present research focused on evaluating the prevalence and predictors of burnout among medical officers and dental surgeons in Haryana's state dental health services. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess burnout among medical officers and dental surgeons involved in COVID-19-related duties in state health services. Maslach's burnout scale was used to evaluate burnout. It is a prevalidated and self-administered questionnaire with three domains, that is, emotional exhaustion (EE), personal accomplishment (PA) assessment, and depersonalization (DP). The Chi square test, Student's t test (unpaired), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc analysis were done wherever applicable. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to check the relationship among EE, DP, and PA. A total of 200 study participants responded to the online survey. Nearly half of them (51%) were aged 25-34 years. The majority had service experience of up to 20 years (90%). Almost three-fourths (72%) of study participants performed duties for >8 h a day. Up to 86% reported that the second wave of COVID-19 caused increased burnout. Moderate-to-high degrees of occupational exhaustion (OE) and DP were reported among approximately 42% of study participants. Medical officers were reported to have statistically significantly higher levels of burnout compared to dental surgeons (P < 0.05). Moderate levels of burnout were reported among half of the study participants, suggestive of the need to address the issues related to mental health of healthcare providers.