Maslach Burnout Scale Research Articles

Investigating Fear of Covid-19, Social Distance and Burnout Among Health and Education Professionals Working in Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers

Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers (SERC) are rare institutions where health and education professionals work together. This offers a unique opportunity to analyze coronaphobia and pay attention to social distance based on the field of license. This study investigates the relationship between coronaphobia and attention to social distance with different parameters among health and education professionals working in the SERC during the pandemic. Our study group consisted of 150 professionals, 97 of whom worked in the health sector and 53 in education, all employed at SERC in Turkey between July and November 2021. The COVID-19 Fear Scale was used to measure coronaphobia, the Social Distancing Scale for COVID-19 social distance level, and the Maslach Burnout Scale for occupational burnout. Coronaphobia and burnout were significantly higher (p=0.027) among education professionals than health professionals. There was no significant difference in social distance attention between the two groups. Salary satisfaction was significantly higher (p=0.004) among health science graduates than those in educational sciences. Coronaphobia and attention to social distancing were significantly worse (p<0.00, p=0.015) among professionals who were satisfied with their salary. A positive and strong correlation exists between burnout and fear of COVID-19 (p<0.001, r=598). In conclusion, to reduce coronaphobia in SERC, it is recommended to provide health literacy training and implement preventive approaches to occupational burnout.

Mental workload as a predictor of burnout in intensive care nurses.

Nurses face a high level of mental workload while performing their duties. High levels of mental workload can negatively impact nurses. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between mental workload and burnout levels of intensive care nurses. Descriptive-correlational design has been adopted in this research. The sample consisted of 156 nurses working in the intensive care units of a hospital in the south of Turkey between September and December 2023. Research data were collected with the 'Participant Information Form', which includes socio-demographic characteristics, 'Mental Workload Scale' and 'Maslach Burnout Scale'. Almost all (95.5%) of the nurses participating in the study reported that their mental workload was high. It has been determined that there is a strong positive relationship between mental workload and burnout. According to the regression model obtained from the research, being a woman (β = .165, p = .008) and emotional workload (β = -695, p < .001) are determinants of emotional exhaustion. These variables explain emotional exhaustion at a rate of 50.1% (adjusted R2 = .501). Emotional workload (β = .399, p = .003) is the most important determinant of personal accomplishment. This variable explains 19.0% (adjusted R2 = .190) of personal accomplishment. The most important determinant of depersonalization is emotional workload (β = .324, p < .001). It was determined that this variable explained 24.4% (adjusted R2 = .244) of depersonalization. This research revealed that there is a strong positive relationship between mental workload and burnout and that increasing mental workload can increase burnout. Nurses' risk of emotional exhaustion increases as mental workload increases. Reducing cognitive workload, temporary workload and emotional workload increases the personal accomplishment experienced by nurses. In addition, as temporary workload, emotional workload and performance-related workload increase, the depersonalization experienced by nurses also increases.

The status quo and correlational analysis of nursing practices, burnout, and social support among nurses from private hospitals in Dazhou, a less developed area of China

ObjectiveTo investigate the status quo of nursing practices, job burnout and social support among private hospitals in Dazhou, Sichuan Province, and perform correlational analysis.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 244 nurses were surveyed via convenience sampling from 7 private hospitals, which were randomly selected from Dazhou city. A self-designed demographic sociology questionnaire was applied, and the Chinese versions of the Maslach Burnout Scale and the Social Support scale administered from September to November 2022.ResultsThe investigated nurses were relatively young (26.84 ± 4.90 years), had a short duration of service, a low academic background, a low professional title and a low income; however, they were highly satisfied with their working environment and had a low level of burnout, and their level of personal achievement was low. Overtime work, education level and number of children had significant impacts on the level of nurse burnout. The level of social support was high, and various dimensions were negatively correlated with the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimensions of burnout (r=-0.438, P < 0.01; r=-0.372, P < 0.01) and positively correlated with personal achievement (r = 0.291, P < 0.01). However, the level of social support was not significantly associated with burnout (r=-0.060, p = 0.354).ConclusionsNursing managers in private hospitals should consider ways of improving nurses’ education, professional titles, working environment and increasing nurses’ income to stabilize the nursing team. Efforts should be made to relieve the nurses’ pressure, and notice the overtime work and professional development of nurses to enhance the personal sense of achievement. More measures should be taken to improve the level of social support, thereby promoting the continuous improvement of nursing quality. Due to the uneven level of social and economic development in different parts of China, the extensibility of the research needs to be confirmed by more studies, but it still has important reference significance for Northeast Sichuan, which represents areas with similar social and economic levels.

The Effects of a Structured Resiliency Program on Indicators of Burnout in Medical Residents

Because of the well documented burnout and stress experienced by medical residents, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Education (ACGME) has directed training programs to address these issues in their residents. The current study describes a resiliency enhancement program administered to residents from differing residencies. Method: Residents received group-based sessions focusing on awareness of stress reactions, mindfulness, cognitive coping skills and balancing life and work. All sessions were interactive. The training occurred over a 9-month time span. Residents provided informed consent so that data could be collected. The percentage of burnout was calculated based on one indicator (high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, or low personal accomplishment using the Maslach Burnout Scale). Standardized assessment instruments were administered at the beginning (September) and the end of the program (May) to assess the impact of the intervention. Residents were in training at a medium-sized academic medical center. They came from urology, internal medicine, emergency medicine and neurology training programs. Eighteen female and 51 male residents participated. Results: Baseline rates of burnout were as follows: urology residents, 89%; internal medicine, 73%; neurology, 50%; emergency medicine, 22%. There was a significant decrease in perceived stress for the overall group following the intervention. Residents who significantly improved on mindfulness measures also showed significant improvement on resiliency, stress, and personal accomplishment scores. Residents who significantly lowered perceived stress also lowered emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and increased resiliency and compassion satisfaction. Discussion: This study demonstrated that a resiliency enhancement program and data collection after IRB approval is feasible and effective during medical residency. Based on our analysis, mindfulness, and cognitive skills to reduce perceptions of stress seem to be critical components. Future research is necessary to identify elements of the program most relevant to specific residencies.

Investigation of burnout and quality of work life of cardiac surgery nurses: A cross-sectional study.

The care processes of cardiac surgery patients are difficult, complex and stressful. Nurses, who have an important role in the care of these patients, may experience burnout or poor quality of work life may be affected because of difficult care processes, and professional difficulties. This study analysed burnout and quality of work life in cardiac surgery nurses. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 68 nurses in the clinic and intensive care unit of a university hospital's cardiovascular surgery department. Clinical nurses care for inpatients in this department, while intensive care nurses care for patients in the intensive care unit. The 'Sociodemographic and Descriptive Characteristics of Nurses Form', 'Maslach Burnout Inventory' and 'Nursing Work Quality of Life Scale' were used to collect the data. The mean score of emotional exhaustion sub-dimension of Maslach Burnout Inventory was 15.25 ± 5.08 (min: 7, max: 27), the mean score of the personal accomplishment sub-dimension was 17.48 ± 4.90 (min: 8, max: 27), and the mean score of depersonalization sub-dimension was 5.60 ± 2.70 (min: 0, max: 13). The mean scores of the emotional exhaustion sub-dimension (t: -2.380, p: .020, risk ratio [RR]: 1.67, confidence interval [CI]: [14.21, 18.82]) and the personal accomplishment sub-dimension (t: -2.604, p: .011, RR: 1.00, CI: [16.08, 19.92]) were higher in intensive care nurses. The mean total score of the nursing quality of work life scale was 107.20 ± 14.60 (min: 72, max: 149). A negative statistically significant relationship was found between the mean scores of emotional exhaustion (r: -0.243, p: .045) and depersonalization sub-dimension (r: -0.325, p: .007) of the Maslach Burnout Scale and the mean total score of the nursing quality of work life scale. In this study, it can be said that cardiac surgery nurses had moderate levels of emotional burnout, personal accomplishment and quality of work life, and low levels of depersonalization. At the same time, it can be seen that intensive care nurses have higher levels of emotional burnout. The increased emotional burnout and depersonalization in nurses decreased the quality of work life. This study provided an understanding of burnout and quality of work life of cardiac surgery nurses. Strategies can be developed to reduce burnout and improve the quality of the work life of cardiac surgery nurses. Particular attention should be paid to intensive care nurses who experience more burnout on several sub-dimensions. This may be a good approach to improving the quality of patient care.

Evaluation of Burnout among Medical Officers and Dental Surgeons in State Health Services using Maslach's Burnout Inventory during COVID-19: A Cross Sectional Study.

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became a worldwide public health crisis. It leads to raised levels of burnout and anxiety among the people of the medical and dental fraternity, especially those involved in various duties related to COVID-19. The present research focused on evaluating the prevalence and predictors of burnout among medical officers and dental surgeons in Haryana's state dental health services. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess burnout among medical officers and dental surgeons involved in COVID-19-related duties in state health services. Maslach's burnout scale was used to evaluate burnout. It is a prevalidated and self-administered questionnaire with three domains, that is, emotional exhaustion (EE), personal accomplishment (PA) assessment, and depersonalization (DP). The Chi square test, Student's t test (unpaired), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc analysis were done wherever applicable. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to check the relationship among EE, DP, and PA. A total of 200 study participants responded to the online survey. Nearly half of them (51%) were aged 25-34 years. The majority had service experience of up to 20 years (90%). Almost three-fourths (72%) of study participants performed duties for >8 h a day. Up to 86% reported that the second wave of COVID-19 caused increased burnout. Moderate-to-high degrees of occupational exhaustion (OE) and DP were reported among approximately 42% of study participants. Medical officers were reported to have statistically significantly higher levels of burnout compared to dental surgeons (P < 0.05). Moderate levels of burnout were reported among half of the study participants, suggestive of the need to address the issues related to mental health of healthcare providers.

The relationship between burnout and work engagement levels of nurses and physiotherapists working during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all health professionals worldwide. This has also influenced their working lives, affecting burnout and work engagement. This study aims to investigate the relationship between burnout and work engagement among nurses and physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted with total 509 nurses and physiotherapists who were working at any of the private, public, or university hospitals from two large and one small cities. A Personal Introduction Form, the Maslach Burnout Scale, and the Work Engagement Scale were used in the study. Frequency, percentage, mean, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis. Necessary ethical approvals were taken for the research. There was a significant, moderate, negative relationship between the average scores of the nurses on the vigor and devotion dimensions and the Work Engagement Scale and their average scores on emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, depersonalization dimensions and their average score on the Maslach Burnout Scale (p < 0.05). There was a significant, moderate, negative relationship between the scores of the physiotherapists on the Work Engagement Scale and its dimensions and their average scores on the Maslach Burnout Scale and its dimensions (p < 0.05). In our study, it was found that the burnout levels of nurses and physiotherapists had an effect on their work engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic. During and after the COVID-19 process, managers should take measures to reduce the burnout levels of health professionals and increase their level of work engagement.

Investigation of Burnout Levels of Teachers Working in Teaching Turkish to Foreigners

The burnout levels of teachers who play an important role in education have an important value in conducting the education process well. Conducting the process of teaching Turkish to foreigners on a qualified basis is directly related to the burnout level of teachers. For this reason, the aim of this research is to determine the burnout levels of teachers working in teaching Turkish to foreigners within the scope of the Project on Supporting the Integration of Syrian Children into the Turkish Education System (PIKTES), in line with the departments they graduated, their terms of office, their genders, the periodicals they follow for teaching Turkish to foreigners, and the education they received outside of in-service training is to determine. The sample of the research consists of 218 teachers working in PIKTES (MEB, 2018). The Maslach Burnout Scale, which was adapted into Turkish by Ergin (1992), and personal information form was used. According to the results of the research conducted with the relational scanning model, the burnout levels of female teachers are higher. Emotional burnout levels of participants who do not receive additional education services are higher. The burnout levels of teachers who graduated from Classroom Teaching and Turkish Language and Literature department/teaching are higher than Turkish teachers. The burnout levels of teachers with 1-2 years of experience are higher than those of teachers with 3-4 and 5-6 years of experience. Based on these results, various suggestions were made to provide a more qualified education-teaching environment.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIOLENCE AGAINST HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND THEIR LEVELS OF EXHAUSTION, CONFIDENCE AND SAFETY

Background: This study aims to determine the relationship between violence against healthcare workers and their burnout, confidence, and safety levels. Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study sample consisted of 535 healthcare workers working in a foundation hospital. Data were collected through a questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic questions, research questions about violence, "Safety and Confidence Scale of Healthcare Professionals" and "Maslach Burnout Scale." Student's t, Mann Whitney-u, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-Square, Pearson Correlation, and Linear Regression tests were applied. Statistical significance was accepted as 0.05. Findings: The majority of the participants were female, between the ages of 26-35, single, and had an associate degree. The perceived safety level of those exposed to violence decreases (p

EVALUATION OF FACTORS AND ASSOCIATED WITH THE ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND BURNOUT LEVELS OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS AT THE LAST PERIOD OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN TURKEY

The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and burnout syndrome in healthcare workers is so high that it can’t be underestimated, because of the intense workload, shift work, night shifts, and problems encountered during working hours. This study was planned to evaluate the factors related to anxiety, depression, and burnout levels of healthcare professionals working in a training and research hospital. This descriptive study included 196 health care workers working in the hospital. Statistical analysis of the categorical data was performed by Chi-square test. Statistical analysis of quantitative data was performed by Mann Whitney U test and by Kruskal Wallis variance analysis because it did not fit normal distribution. In this study, the frequency of depression was found to be 24.0% in healthcare workers and the frequency of anxiety was 29.6%. It was determined that the presence of depression was more common in night and shift workers. Anxiety was statistically higher in health workers with chronic diseases and sleep problems. Compared to other health workers, it was found that the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization levels of the Maslach burnout scale sub-headings were higher in physicians.These results are very important in terms of identifying psychosocial risk factors in health workers and forenlightening to improve working conditions.

Prevalência e Correlações entre TDAH e Dimensões de Burnout em Universitários Brasileiros

Abstract This study aimed to verify the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Burnout Syndrome and the potential correlations between the dimensions of both conditions among Brazilian college students. A total of 751 students participated; 71.9% were women, aged 23 on average (SD = 3.46). The instruments included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS-18), and the Maslach Burnout Scale for Students (MBI-SS). Regarding the sex variable, men scored lower for emotional exhaustion and higher for professional achievement. The inattention facet of ADHD was positively correlated with the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization dimension and negatively correlated with professional achievement, suggesting a connection between the disorder and the syndrome. This study is expected to contribute to the development of preventive programs and intervention protocols especially designed to promote the mental health of students attending public and private educational institutions and experiencing academic burnout.

Investigation of burnout levels of special education teachers

The aim of this study was to investigate burnout levels of teachers working in special education schools according to different variables. 127 teachers from Üsküdar, Kadıköy, Ataşehir and Beykoz districts of the Anatolian side of Istanbul participated to the study. In this survey research the data was collected with the Maslach Burnout Scale. Personal information form for demographical data was also given to the participants. The statistical analyzes of the data was conducted in SPSS software package and the burnout levels of the participants were determined. According to the findings, the burnout levels of the teachers did not differ significantly in terms of gender and seniority variables. However, there is a significant difference in the subscale of emotional exhaustion among teachers with undergraduate and graduate degrees (t = -2,036, p

EXAMINING THE CONCEPT OF OCCUPATIONAL BURNOUT AND THE LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL BURNOUT IN TERMS OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

Purpose- The aim of the study is to examine how the level of occupational burnout is affected by demographic variables. Methodology- Occupational burnout level was examined in terms of demographic variables. Demographic variables; gender, marital status, age, education level of the person, monthly income level, working time in the current institution (seniority period) and total seniority in business life. The Maslach Burnout scale was used to measure the dimensions of professional burnout, and the three dimensions of the scale, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and the feeling of decrease in personal achievement, and demographic variables were examined. Questionnaire method was used. Findings- According to the results of the research, demographic variables have an impact on burnout in general. A high level of relationship was found between income level, gender, age, seniority of the person and professional burnout. A moderate relationship was found between marital and educational status and professional burnout. Among the dimensions of occupational burnout, the dimension most affected by demographic variables is the dimension of emotional exhaustion. The highest effect is between income level and gender demographic variables and emotional exhaustion dimension. Conclusion- As a result, due to the fact that demographic variables have an effect on occupational burnout, the result of the study emerges that businesses should consider the demographic variables while considering the occupational burnout status of the employees. The high effect of income level and gender variables on occupational burnout is important. Considering these differences and considering the demographic variables in general, reducing the level of professional burnout, which has a high impact on the performance of the employees, has a high importance in terms of improving the performance of the enterprises and studies should be carried out in this direction. Keywords: Occupational burnout, demographic variables, feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decreased personal achievement. JEL Codes: O15, M11, M12

An examination of the burnout levels of healthcare professionals according to some variables during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the effects on burnout levels of socio-demographic characteristics of healthcare professionals in different professions who are on active duty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Obtained through socio-demographic information form created by the researchers and Maslach Burnout Scale (MBS) e-data collection method. Results: It has been found out that gender variable reveals important differences among healthcare professionals and female healthcare professionals are more exhausted than men, the burnout levels of healthcare professionals who have a one-to-one relationship with COVID-19 patients are higher, and healthcare professionals trying to obtain information about the pandemic through social media are more exhausted than others. Variables such as marital status, education level, and being diagnosed with COVID-19 were not found to affect burnout in this study. However, when the data set was divided into two over the gender variable, it was observed that the education level variable affected emotional exhaustion scores among female participants. Although the emotional exhaustion scores of female participants with doctoral and high school education did not reveal a significant difference between the groups in the advanced statistical study, they revealed a significant difference according to the One-Way Analysis of Variance. The group with the highest burnout among healthcare professionals was determined as nurses. Conclusions: It is important to carry out studies on psychological support and coping with burnout for healthcare professionals who are on active duty during the pandemic.

COVID-19 pandemic and burnout: factors associated with burnout levels among healthcare workers

Purpose: This study investigated the psychosocial and demographic factors influencing burnout levels among healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed on a total of 418 healthcare workers from Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital in Turkey. While the participants were selected randomly, a personal information form consisting of 33 open- and close-ended questions, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Maslach Burnout Scale and the Beck Burnout were applied.&#x0D; Results: They were 418 healthcare workers aged 19-63 (mean= 35.51±9.38), 284 of whom were 61.8% female, 132 (31.7%) of whom were male, and 2 (0.5%) of whom refused to specify their gender. The study found that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores were significantly positively correlated with COVID-19 anxiety scores and Beck anxiety scores in healthcare workers, while personal accomplishment scores were significantly negatively correlated with these variables. The study also revealed that COVID-19 anxiety, Beck anxiety, being female, being young, being unmarried, having children, being diagnosed with COVID-19, having a chronic illness, and working more hours per week were all contributing factors to burnout. &#x0D; Conclusion: Both during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, it is very important to provide various forms of psychological support and make arrangements to address factors that can impact the burnout of healthcare professionals.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL GOSSIP TEACHERS’ AND ORGANİZATIONAL BURNOUT LEVELS

The purpose of this research is to identify the teachers' views on the functions of organizational gossip in their schools and their level of burnout and to reveal the relationship between them. The research was designed in a correlational survey model. According to the data obtained from the Batman Provincial Directorate of National Education, the population of the research consists of 7600 teachers working in the province of Batman in the 2019-2020 academic year. 340 teachers selected from this population by simple random (non-selective) method constitute the sample of the research. Research data were collected using the Organizational Gossip Scale and Maslach Burnout Scale. It was found out that there was a low-level positive correlation with the aspect of awareness, a very low positive correlation with the aspect of developing relationships and the organizational harm aspect between the sub-aspects of organizational gossip and burnout levels of teachers.

Sporcu ve Sporcu Olmayan Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Covıd-19 Kaygısı, Tükenmişlik, Mental İyi Oluş ve Dayanıklılık Arasındaki İlişkiler

The COVID-19 pandemic process has been associated with particularly strong declines in the academic, social, and psychological conditions of university students. Concerns about COVID-19 have often been correlated with worsening well-being. Besides the burdens most university students face, student-athletes have also been exposed to these psycho-social consequences. Therefore, it is important to examine the protective factors against psychological adjustment skills. Concepts such as resilience and endurance, which are defined as one's ability to react to difficulties, can also be protective factors. With the ongoing pandemic process, resilience and endurance in university students who are athletes and non-athletes have not yet been examined in this context. For this reason, this study aims to examine the mediator role of resilience in the relationship between mental well-being, COVID-19 anxiety, and burnout. 778 university students, 412 athletes and 366 non-athletes, studying in different departments of the university participated in the study. As data collection tools, COVID-19 related anxiety scale, short psychological resilience scale, Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale short form and maslach burnout scale student form were used. The relationships between the anxiety, burnout, mental well-being and psychological resilience levels of the athletes and non-athletes were determined by the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. Structural equation modeling was used in data analysis to determine the direct and indirect predictive effects between variables. During the research process, all analyzes were made using SPSS 22.00 and AMOS package programs. The results showed that resilience was negatively related to COVID-19 anxiety and burnout, and positively related to mental well-being in both groups. Resilience mediated significant effects on COVID-19 anxiety, burnout, and mental well-being for students in both groups.

Evaluation of Compliance with Standard Precautions and Burnout Levels of Nurses working in a University Hospital Standard Precautions and Burnout Levels of Nurses

Introduction: Standard precautions aim to prevent the transmission and control the spread of infectious agents from infected or colonized patients to other people and healthcare personnel. It is thought that nurses' compliance with standard precautions is affected by many factors such as age, gender, education level, professional experience, equipment and personnel status, as well as negative emotional states caused by work intensity and loss of motivation. The loss of physical and emotional strength and motivation is defined as burnout, and its prevalence is increasing among healthcare workers. Our study aimed to evaluate the compliance of nurses working in a university hospital with standard precautions and their burnout levels. Material Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on nurses working at EskişehirOsmangazi University Hospital between January 2022, and May 2022. The study group consisted of 392 of 500 nurses working in the hospital who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire form that utilized the literature. In our study, the "Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale" (CSPS) was used to determine the level of compliance with standard precautions and the "Maslach Burnout Scale" was used to determine the level of burnout. Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis tests and Spearman Correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Of the participants, 83.4% were female, and 16.6% were male. Their ages ranged between 22 and 58 years, with a mean of 31.49±7.5 years. The scores of the nurses on the CSPS ranged from 0 to 19, with a mean of 13.7±3.3 (median: 14) points. It was found that women, those with a total working period of 5 years or more, and those who received any training on infectious disease prevention methods had higher scores on the CSPS (p&lt;0.05 for each). It was determined that there was a weak negative correlation between the scores obtained by the nurses from the CSPS and the scores obtained from the emotional burnout and depersonalization sub-dimensions, and a weak positive correlation between the scores obtained from the personal achievement sub-field. Conclusion: The study showed that nurses' level of compliance with standard precautions was moderate, and some variables affected the level of compliance with standard precautions. It was thought that the compliance of healthcare workers with standard precautions would increase further with motivations such as updating the knowledge of healthcare workers with continuous in-service trainings and improving working conditions.

Facing Pandemic: Burnout in Nurses in Turkey.

Burnout syndrome is a disorder that characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal lack of accomplishment perception and it is common in nurses. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, nurses tried to take care of their patients and protect themselves and their families from disease and death. This study examines the factors affecting nurses' burnout in Turkey during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Data were collected from 3523 nurses in 69 cities across Turkey by sociodemographic questions and Maslach Burnout Scale with the electronic questionnaire created in the "SurveyMonkey" application between June 9, 2020 and June 21, 2020. To assess the impact of the pandemic on nurses' burnout, nurses were categorized as those working in pandemic units and others. The response rate was 68%, and 3523 nurses from 69 cities across Turkey participated in the survey. Analyses were conducted with 2386 nurses that answered all questions. 76.45% of the nurses were from tertiary hospitals, and 54.9% (n = 1309) worked in pandemic units. Of 2386 participants, 86.13% (n = 2055) were female, the mean age was 33.9 (±8.43), and 58.76% (n = 1402) were married. Of 2386 participants, 54.9% (n = 1309) worked in pandemic units (outpatient clinics, inpatient clinics, and intensive care units). In multivariate linear regression analyses, the emotional exhaustion score was higher in nurses working in pandemic units (P < .05). The factors that have been shown to cause burnout in previous studies were similar. However, in this study, it was also seen that the pandemic is a fundamental cause of burnout.

Emotional Intelligence as Predictor to Burnout Syndrome Among Teachers in Delta State

The study was conducted using a correlational research design. A total of 752 teachers in the 20 government-owned senior secondary schools in Delta State's Ika South Local Government Area were included in the study (Source: Post Primary Education Schools Board, Asaba, Delta State, 2021). The study used a sample size of 398 teachers who were chosen at random and independently from 20 government-owned secondary schools in the Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria, using the purposive sampling technique. The purposive sample technique is appropriate for selecting teachers who exhibit the traits that are being examined, namely, Burnout Syndrome. This was accomplished by giving each teacher a copy of the Burnout Syndrome Screening Scale (BSSS). Data was collected using the Emotional intelligence inventory (El) by Akinboye (2005), and Maslach Burnout Scale (MBS). The Cronbach alpha method of internal consistency was used to assess the instruments' dependability. The reliability coefficients were Maslach Burnout Scale (MBS) 0.87, and Emotional Intelligence Inventory (El) 0.79, which are high enough to demonstrate the instrument's reliability. Linear regression and multiple regression were used to evaluate the hypotheses, along with independent sample t-test statistics. The result revealed that emotional intelligence such as self-awareness, self-management, self- motivation, social awareness, and relationship management all predict teacher burnout syndrome in a favorable and substantial way. School boards should recruit more professional counsellors to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among teachers.&#x0D;