Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale Research Articles

Burnout Syndrome Among Physiotherapists

Burnout is formally defined as a state of physical, emotional and mental exhaustion as a result of long term stress Objective: The purpose of the study was to find out level of burnout among physiotherapists and to assess the different factors of burnout Methods: The study was a cross sectional survey, a sample of 245 participants was selected by using non-probability convenient sampling technique. An inclusion and exclusion criteria was set up and data was collected by using Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale and SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data Results: Results of the study showed that mean+SD score for emotional exhaustion was 16.55+ 5.07, mean+SD score for personal accomplishment was 44.73+1.54 and mean+SD score for depersonalization was 0.75+0.93 Conclusion: It was concluded that the level of burnout among physiotherapists ranged from low to moderate.

Influence of medical trainee sleep pattern (chronotype) on burn-out and satisfaction with work schedules: a multicentre observational study

BackgroundMedical trainees’ work schedule is designed to cover duties without consideration of differences in circadian rhythms during a 24-hour period (chronotype).ObjectiveTo explore chronotype variation among medical trainees and understand its...

Study of Psychosocial Risks in the Professional Environment of Health Care Workers in Morocco

Caregivers are a particular target for psychosocial risks, including stress and burnout. Burnout is aconsequence of exposure to permanent and prolonged stress. It concerns professions with high mental,emotional and emotional demands and high responsibility such as nurses. The objective of this studywas to describe and identify psychosocial risks, occupational stress and its components in healthprofessionals. This epidemiological study involved 191 health professionals working in the provincialhospital centers of Kenitra and Sidi Slimane, Morocco. The questionnaire included: socio-demographicand occupational data; the Karasek scale (KJCQ) with its three components: psychological demand (DP),decision-making latitude (LD) and social support (SS). These three dimensions allow the identificationof risk situations. Job strain is the combination of low decision latitude and high psychological demand.The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale consists of three dimensions (emotional exhaustion,depersonalization and feeling of personal fulfillment at work). The positive diagnosis of burnout waschosen if the score exceeded the values defined in one of the three components of MBI (high for thefirst two and low for the third).

Analysis of Job Stress and Burnout Syndrome on nurses in Emergency Unit During Covid-19 Pandemic Studied at East Java Region

Burnout Syndrome is a acumulation of destructive physical, psychological and mental symptoms occuring from monotonous and stressful work fatigue. The purpose of this study was to analyze job stress and burnout syndrome on nurses in the emergency department during the covid-19 pandemic. The method used analytical survey with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique is simple random sampling, the statistical test used Sperman Rank test with (0.05). The research instrument used the Maslach Burnout Inventory and depression anxiety stress scales (DASS 42) using Google forms. The results of the Spearman Rank statistical test obtained p value 0.000 < (0.05) where it can be concluded that there is a relationship between job stress and burnout syndrome on nurses who work in the Emergency Unit Around Hospitals atl East Java. Efforts to minimize burnout syndrome includes increasing emotional intelligence, individual coping, spirituality, relationships with coworkers, and improving aspects of nurse leadership

Digital survey of mental health, associated psychosocial, and work factors in medical specialty residents in the Guadalajara metropolitan area

Introduction. Medical specialty residents have become a high-risk population for mental health disorders, mainly due to long working days, limited time for rest and recreation, problems inherent in the work environment, and substance use. Since all these factors not only alter the training of future specialists, but also the care they provide for people, the study of an intervention in this population is of interest to the health system and human resource training in the health sector. Objective. To evaluate the mental health status, prevalence of work exhaustion and associated psychosocial and work factors in medical residents in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area. Method. This was a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and comparative study, in which, through a digitized survey on the Google Forms platform, the GHQ-28, ASSIST, and Maslach Burnout Inventory scales were administered to medical specialty residents from various health institutions in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area. Results. The total sample comprised 306 residents, representing 11.23% of the total residents in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (2,724). Female physicians had a higher percentage of participation with 61.4% (n = 188), with male physicians accounting for 38.6% (n = 118). The average age was 28.9 years and 84.9% (n = 260) were pursuing a clinical specialty, and 15.1% (n = 46) a surgical one p ˂ 05. On average, they worked 74.1 hours per week, whereas in surgical specialties they worked another 10 hours (82.63 ± 23.40 vs. 72.67 ± 19.76, p = .002). 72.5% (n = 222) showed a high risk of developing burnout. 9.2% (n = 28) obtained scores compatible with severe depression, which was related to a higher number of hours worked per week and heavier alcohol consumption than residents without depression, 21.24% (n = 65) of respondents frequently thought about dropping out, 22.5% (n = 69) felt dissatisfied with their work, while 14.05% (n = 43) of the residents had recently noticed that they had had frequent thoughts of taking their own lives. Discussion and conclusion. The higher number of hours worked per week, surgical specialties, and the presence of workplace harassment were recognized as psychosocial and occupational factors associated with mental health problems in resident physicians, such as depression, thoughts of death, burnout, and psychoactive substance use. In a country like Mexico, where medical residents are a crucial pillar of the public health system, it is necessary to ensure their well-being, and seek to improve the working and academic conditions of medical residencies to ensure that this is reflected in the quality and safety of patient care.

An Investigation of the Relationship between COVID-19 Anxiety and Burnout among Music Teachers

In this study, it was aimed to examine the music teachers’ COVID-19 anxiety and burnout levels in terms of some variables during the pandemic. The COVID-19 anxiety and burnout of music teachers during the pandemic were compared according to the variables of gender, age, marital status and professional seniority based on the correlational and causal comparison method. In addition, survey design was used to identify the relationship between music teachers' COVID-19 anxiety and professional burnout. The sample of the research consisted of 215 music teachers working in Konya, Aksaray, Karaman, Niğde and Nevşehir provinces and was determined by convenience sampling method. Maslach Burnout Inventory and COVID-19 anxiety scales were used to collect data. Research findings showed that music teachers' burnout and COVID-19 anxiety were at high levels during the pandemic. In addition, music teachers' burnout and COVID-19 anxiety differed by gender, professional seniority, marital status and the type of school they work at. It was found that female music teachers had a significantly higher perceived burnout than their male colleagues. Besides, single or widowed music teachers had higher burnout compared to their married colleagues. The burnout and mean scores of COVID-19 anxiety of music teachers working in private schools were significantly higher than those of teachers working in public schools. Finally, there was a significant and positive relationship between music teachers' anxiety about COVID-19 and perceived burnout during the pandemic.

Job Burnout Status andAnd its Relationship with Resilience Level of Healthcare Workers during Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case of Southern Iran

Background and Purpose: COVID-19 could be a threat to healthcare workers' mental health. This study was conducted to investigate job burnout and its relationship with the resilience level of the personnel in the COVID-19 treatment hospital in southern Iran.
 Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 on 496 personnel of Hazrat Ali Asghar (AS) Hospital selected as the center of COVID-19 in southern Iran. The participants of the study were selected using the census. Data collection tools were the standard Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Data analysis was performed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression in SPSS23 at a significance level of 0.05.
 Results: The mean scores of job burnout and resilience were 76.95 ± 14.36 (of 132) and 71.21 ± 8.24 (of 125), respectively which indicated the moderate level of these two variables. There was a significant inverse correlation between job burnout and resilience (P<0.001, r= - 0.514). Spiritual influences (P<0.001), perception of competence (P=0.001), positive acceptance of change and secure relationships (P= 0.001), trust in individual instincts (P= 0.02), and control (P= 0.03) of resilience aspects were identified as predictors of job burnout. Additionally, there was a statistically significant relationship between job burnout and gender (P=0.001) and occupational group (P= 0.04); and between resilience and gender (P= 0.02) and with marital status (P= 0.03).
 Conclusion: Job burnout status and personnel resilience were at a moderate level. It was recommended to train employees with resilience-enhancing skills employees according to each of their dimensions.

Association between moral intelligence, burnout and quality of nursing care

Background Providing quality care is of the fundamental elements of holistic nursing practice, and burnout and moral intelligence of nurses be mentioned as the important factors influencing the quality of nursing care. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence, burnout, and the quality of nursing care. Methods This descriptive-correlative study was conducted on 125 nurses working in Sari-based Educational hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, between June and August 2020. The sample was selected via random sampling. The data were collected by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Lennick and Kiel Moral Intelligence Scale, and Quality of Patient Care Scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS-21 and Amos-24. Results A direct and significant relationship was found between the quality of nursing care and moral intelligence ( r = 0.285, p = 0.001). Quality of care had an inverse relationship with subscales of frequency of burnout including emotional exhaustion ( r = −0.369, p < 0.001) and depersonalization ( r = −0.471, p < 0.001) and also, a direct relationship with personal accomplishment ( r = 0.226, p = 0.011). The findings also showed an inverse relationship between quality of care and subscales of the intensity of burnout. Amos software yielded results that demonstrated moral intelligence as a robust mediator between burnout and the quality of care. Conclusion The findings implied the necessity for more attention to moral intelligence as a mediator in order to come up with properly managing the personality traits influencing the nurses’ burnout reduction, which can ultimately lead to improved quality of nursing care.

The Effect of Emotional Labor on Presenteeism of Chinese Nurses in Tertiary-Level Hospitals: The Mediating Role of Job Burnout.

Background: Employees who are physically present but work insufficiently because of illness are deemed as having presenteeism. In the health care setting, the issue has taken on greater importance because of the impairment of the physical and mental health of nurses and the nursing safety of the patients. According to the Job Demand-Resource Model, burnout may link emotional labor with presenteeism. Thus, this study analyzed the role of burnout as a mediating factor between the three types of emotional labor strategies and presenteeism among nurses in tertiary-level hospitals.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1,038 nurses from six Chinese hospitals was conducted. The questionnaires, including the 14-item emotional labor strategies scale, 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, 6-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale, and items about demographic characteristics and work-related factors, were used to collect data. A multivariable linear regression was used to predict work-related factors and investigate the correlation of emotional labor, burnout, and presenteeism. The structural equation model was implemented to test the mediating effects of job burnout.Results: The results of the study showed that the average presenteeism score of the participants was 14.18 (4.33), which is higher than in Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilian nurses. Presenteeism was explained by 22.8% of the variance in the final model in multivariable linear regression (P < 0.01). Presenteeism was found to be positively correlated with surface acting, emotionally expressed demands, deep acting, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment (P < 0.01). Notably, presenteeism was negatively correlated with deep acting (P < 0.01). In addition, burnout partially mediated the correlation between emotionally expressed demands, deep acting, and presenteeism with a mediatory effect of 24 and 63.31% of the total effect. Burnout completely mediated the association between surface acting and presenteeism, a mediating effect of 86.44% of the total effect.Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that different emotional labor strategies affect presenteeism, either directly or indirectly. Nursing managers should intervene to reduce presenteeism by improving the ability of the nurses to manage emotions, thereby alleviating burnout.

Risk of burnout and stress in physicians working in a COVID team: A longitudinal survey.

Background and aimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic represents a source of stress and potential burnout for many physicians. This single‐site survey aimed at assessing perceived stress and risk to develop burnout syndrome among physicians operating in COVID wards.MethodsThis longitudinal survey evaluated stress and burnout in 51 physicians operating in the COVID team of Gemelli Hospital, Italy.Participants were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Perceived Stress Questionnaire on a short run (PSQs) (referring to the past 7 days) at baseline (T0) and then for four weeks (T1‐T4). Perceived Stress Questionnaire on a long run (PSQl) (referring to the past 2 years) was completed only at T0.ResultsCompared with physicians board‐certified in internal medicine, those board‐certified in other disciplines showed higher scores for the Emotional Exhaustion (EE) score of the MBI scale (P < .001). Depersonalisation (DP) score showed a reduction over time (P = .002). Attending physicians scored lower than the resident physicians on the DP scale (P = .048) and higher than resident physicians on the Personal Accomplishment (PA) scale (P = .04). PSQl predicted higher scores on the EE scale (P = .003), DP scale (P = .003) and lower scores on the PA scale (P < .001). PSQs showed a reduction over time (P = .03). Attending physicians had a lower PSQs score compared with the resident physicians (P = .04).ConclusionsMedical specialty and clinical position could represent risk factors for the development of burnout in a COVID team. In these preliminary results, physicians board‐certified in internal medicine showed lower risk of developing EE during the entire course of the study.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Burnout Risk Among Intensive Care and Emergency Nurses Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Belgium

IntroductionThis study aimed to assess (1) the prevalence of burnout risk among nurses working in intensive care units and emergency department before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and (2) the individual and work-related associated factors. MethodsData were collected as part of a cross-sectional study on intensive care unit and emergency nurses in Belgium using 2 self-administered online questionnaires distributed just before the pandemic (January 2020, N = 422) and during the first peak of the pandemic (April 2020, N = 1616). Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale. ResultsThe overall prevalence of burnout risk was higher among emergency nurses than intensive care unit nurses but was not significantly different after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (from 69.8% to 70.7%, χ² = 0.15, P = .68), whereas it increased significantly among intensive care unit nurses (from 51.2% to 66.7%, χ² = 23.64, P < .003). During the pandemic, changes in workload and the lack of personal protective equipment were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of burnout risk, whereas social support from colleagues and from superiors and management were associated with a lower likelihood of burnout risk. Several determinants of burnout risk were different between intensive care unit and emergency nurses. ConclusionOur findings indicate that nurses in intensive care unit and emergency department were at risk of burnout but their experience during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was quite different. Therefore, it is important to implement specific measures for these 2 groups of nurses to prevent and manage their risk of burnout.

The effect of using technology for work on burnout and work productivity among Saudi board residents: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe use of technology for work has become an unavoidable component of most occupations. It is considered a double-edged sword; it has a massive impact on employees’ mental health and productivity, mainly when used outside the working hours. This practice is referred to as technology-assisted supplemental work (TASW). This study aimed to determine the effect of supplemental work using technology behavior on burnout levels among Saudi board residents and its consequences on work productivity.ResultsThree hundred seventy-seven residents were involved in this study to assess their TASW behavior, burnout level, and presenteeism. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale is used to assess burnout, which is composed of three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). This study revealed that a high risk of EE was found among 52.5% of residents, 12.2% were at high risk of DP, and 53.1% had low PA. The mean score of TASW was 19.7 (SD 3.75) out of 30 points, while the mean score of presenteeism (SPS-6) was 18.5 (SD 4.49) out of 30 points. A significant correlation was found between SPS-6 and MBI subscales including emotional exhaustion (r=−0.642, p<0.001), depersonalization (r=−0.406, p<0.001), and personal accomplishment (r=0.206, p<0.001), but association with TASW did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05).ConclusionBurnout “specifically Emotional Exhaustion” was noted to be significantly high among residents in different specialties in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, several factors in the study were evidently demonstrated to be highly related to burnout which is directly associated with lost work productivity. However, our study suggests that extra working hours at home using technology were not associated with burnout or an increase in productivity.

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Burnout of Frontline Healthcare Workers in Fighting Against the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence From China.

ObjectivesThe sudden outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) plunged healthcare workers (HCWs) into warfare. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout and the factors associated with it among frontline HCWs fighting COVID-19.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among frontline HCWs fighting against the COVID-19 in Wuhan, Harbin, and Shenzhen during the period from February 18 to March 4. Finally, HCWs were recruited using cluster sampling, 1,163 HCWs were included in the final analysis. Burnout was measured using a 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (MBI scale).ResultsOf the participants, 48.6% suffered from burnout, and 21.8% showed a high degree of burnout. Doctors (b = 3.954, P = 0.011) and nurses (b = 3.067, P = 0.042) showed higher emotional exhaustion (EE) than administrators. Participants who worked continuously for more than 8 h a day (b = 3.392, P = 0.000), those who were unable to eat three regular daily meals (b = 2.225, P = 0.008), whose daily water intake was no more than 800 ml (b = 3.007, P = 0.000), who slept for no more than 6 h (b = 1.609, P = 0.036), and who were infected or had colleagues who were infected with COVID-19 (b = 4.182, P = 0.000) experienced much higher levels of EE, while those who could adhere to infection control procedures (b = −5.992, P = 0.000), who were satisfied with their hospital’s infection control measures(b = −3.709, P = 0.001), and who could receive sufficient psychological crisis intervention (b = −1.588, P = 0.039) reported lower levels of EE.ConclusionThe study reveals that burnout is prevalent among frontline HCWs and that the known factors associated with burnout, such as workload, and the factors directly associated with COVID-19, such as having insufficient protection, can affect burnout symptoms in frontline HCWs. Synergized and comprehensive interventions should be targeted at reducing its occurrence among frontline HCWs fighting COVID-19.

Quality of Professional Life and Burnout of the Nursing Staff at an Intensive Care Unit in Venezuela.

Objective.To determine the relationship between the level of quality of professional life and the characteristics of the burnout syndrome of the nursing staff in the intensive care unit.Methods.An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in the intensive care unit of a public hospital in Mérida (Venezuela), with the participation of 40 nurses from a total population of 43. The Professional Quality of Life of 35 items (QoPL-35) and Maslach Burnout Inventory scales were used.Results.Of the participants, 67.5% were professionals and 32.5% were residents, < 41 years of age (75%) and of female sex (90%). The professional quality of life was regular (median = 213), the intrinsic motivation dimension was the best scored (median = 76), followed by that of workload (median = 68) and that of directive support (median = 65). The prevalence of high burnout syndrome was 22.5%; emotional exhaustion affected 75.5% of the participants and 37.5% had low personal achievement. The level of professional quality of life was related with the severity of the burnout syndrome (p=0.04).Conclusion.The professional quality of life of the nurses in the ICU studied was regular and is associated with a higher risk of suffering severe burnout syndrome.

Burnout Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health-Care Professionals at Assiut University Hospitals, 2020.

Background: burnout syndrome is a serious and growing problem among medical staff. Its adverse outcomes not only affect health-care providers’ health, but also extend to their patients, resulting in bad-quality care. The COVID-19 pandemic puts frontline health-care providers at greater risk of psychological stress and burnout syndrome. Objectives: this study aimed to identify the levels of burnout among health-care professionals currently working at Assiut University hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: the current study adopted an online cross-sectional design using the SurveyMonkey® website for data collection. A total of 201 physicians were included and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale was used to assess the three burnout syndrome dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Results: about one-third, two-thirds, and one-quarter of the respondents had high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, respectively. Younger, resident, and single physicians reported higher burnout scores. The personal accomplishment score was significantly higher among males. Those working more than eight hours/day and dealing with COVID-19 patients had significantly higher scores. Conclusion: during the COVID-19 pandemic, a high prevalence of burnout was recorded among physicians. Age, job title, working duration, and working hours/day were significant predictors for burnout syndrome subscale results. Preventive and interventive programs should be applied in health-care organizations during pandemics.

Prevalence of burnout risk and factors associated with burnout risk among ICU nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak in French speaking Belgium

ObjectiveBurnout is a global work-related phenomenon. Intensive care unit (ICU) nurses are at risk of burnout and the COVID-19 pandemic may increase this risk. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of burnout risk and identify risk factors among ICU nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research methodologyWeb-based survey performed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in French speaking Belgium. Main outcome measuresRisk of burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale. ResultsA total of 1135 ICU nurses responded to the questionnaire. The overall prevalence of burnout risk was 68%. A total of 29% of ICU nurses were at risk of depersonalisation (DP), 31% of reduced personal accomplishment (PA), and 38% of emotional exhaustion (EE). A 1:3 nurse-to-patient ratio increased the risk of EE (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.07–2.95) and DP (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09–2.40). Those who reported having a higher perceived workload during the COVID-19 pandemic were at higher risk for all dimensions of burnout. Shortage of personal protective equipment increased the risk of EE (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.35–3.34) and nurses who reported having symptoms of COVID-19 without being tested were at higher risk of EE (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.68–1.87). ConclusionsTwo-thirds of ICU nurses were at risk of burnout and this risk was associated with their working conditions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We recommend monitoring the risk of burnout and implementing interventions to prevent and manage it, taking into account the factors identified in this study.

Protocol of the Study on Emergency Health Care Workers' Responses Evaluated by Karasek Questionnaire: The SEEK-Study Protocol.

Background: Stress is a significant public health concern that can be self-evaluated using the job control demands model from Karasek. Emergency health care workers are particularly exposed to stress because of the intrinsic characteristics associated with the job (i.e., life-threatening emergencies, overcrowding, lack of bed spaces). However, these attributes have never been studied using the Karasek model. Methods: An observational, prospective, multicentric study in French Emergency Departments will be conducted using a cohort of emergency health care workers. Four questionnaires before a control day and after a nightshift will be assessed every 5 years in the same emergency departments. Also, the Karasek questionnaire, a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, the Hospital Anxiety, Depression Scale, and a food intake questionnaire will be evaluated. Salivary biomarkers (cortisol, immunoglobulin A, lysozyme) will be collected from every emergency health care worker who consents to participating in the study. Conclusion: This study will provide a point of care for the emergency health care workers’ stress situation every 5 years. Ethics: This protocol was registered in Clinical Trials under the identification NCT02401607 after the French Ethics Committee’s approval.

Effect of malpractice claims on orthopedic and traumatology physicians in Turkey: A survey study.

This study aimed to investigate the malpractice claims experienced by orthopedic and traumatology physicians and to determine their effects on burnout, job satisfaction, and clinical practice. A questionnaire survey was conducted on orthopedic and traumatology specialists between May 2019 and February 2020. Data collection was carried out via e-survey at "turk-ortopedi" mail group, which is an electronic communication network of orthopedic and traumatology physicians. For data collection, sociodemographic data forms were used including the general characteristics, working conditions, and the malpractice claim events along with the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale to evaluate burnout and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire to investigate job satisfaction. In total, 353 orthopedic and traumatology physicians (348 men, 5 women), including 37 professors, 41 associate professors, and 275 surgeons, completed the questionnaire. In total, 65.4% of the participants (231 physicians and 471 relevant dossiers) stated that they were currently facing a malpractice claim. Emotional burnout and hesitant behavior in medical practices were significantly higher among the physicians who had undergone an investigation/trial with the claim of malpractice (p<0.05), whereas intrinsic job satisfaction was significantly lower (p<0.05). It was determined that orthopedic and traumatology physicians dealing with arthroplasty, vertebral surgery, hand surgery, and foot/ankle surgeries had undergone significantly more trials (p<0.05). In the evaluation of the burnout levels and job satisfaction scores of the physicians according to the age, academic title, seniority, and institution, it was determined that burnout level decreased with age, those between the ages of 25 and 34 years were exhausted the most, and job satisfaction increased with age. It was also found that burnout level decreased and job satisfaction increased as the academic title became higher, and attending physicians were the most exhausted. Moreover, burnout level decreased as seniority increased, the most senior ones were the ones most exhausted, and job satisfaction increased with seniority. Evidence from this study has revealed that malpractice claims cause emotional burnout, low intrinsic job satisfaction, and a hesitant behavior in medical practice for the orthopedic and traumatology physicians. The concept of malpractice alone may result in unnecessary analyses/examinations for patients. Level IV, Diagnostic Study.

Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) in Croatian Nurses

Introduction: The role of nurses in healthcare is of great importance for the well-being of patients. Nurses are exposed to daily stress in the workplace due to the lack of staff, irregular working hours, and lack of support from the management. Such conditions greatly affect the emotional and psychological health of nurses. This study aims to explore the factor structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) on the Croatian sample of nurses.Methods: A cross-sectional study on the sample of 119 nurses, using the MBI scale to assess burn-out in nurses.Results: The reliability of individual subscales expressed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients showed that all three scales meet the criterion of internal consistency of 0.832. The obtained coefficients of internal consistency are 0.860 for the dimension of emotional exhaustion, 0.809 for the dimension of depersonalization, and 0.791 for the dimension of personal accomplishment.Conclusion: According to this research and comparative research results, we can conclude that MBI 22 can be applied as a valid and reliable burn-out assessment indicator among nursing staff.

Reasons for the relocation of contracted family physicians and job satisfaction

The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for the relocation of contracted family physicians and the relationship of this situation with burnout and job satisfaction status. This study was conducted with contracted family physicians in Bursa province between May 2019 and December 2019. The physicians were visited in the family health centres where they worked. The participants were asked to fill out a socio-demographic data form, Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. In addition, physicians who had relocated were asked to fill out a questionnaire examining the reasons for this change. The most common reasons for the relocation of physicians were distance from home (65.30%), novelty seeking (25.60%) and burnout (24.80%). Being female (P = 0.004), duration of medical experience (P < 0.001), shorter time passed in family practice (P = 0.043) and job dissatisfaction (P = 0.006) were risk factors for relocation in a regression analysis model. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a cut-off point value for the Minnesota overall score as ≤3. In family practice, it is favourable to provide continuity of care to the patient with the same physician. However, migration of physicians within the province for social and cultural reasons to more prosperous regions, often to where they live, was observed. Young female family doctors will probably continue to migrate to better locations within the city regardless of payment advantages in poor settlements. The roles of female physicians in society (as mother, wife and daughter) may have an effect on this preference.