Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale Research Articles

Comparative study of job burnout in Shanghai-based nurses against Maslach norm and Hangzhou norm.

This study aimed to analyze the trend in job burnout among nurses in Shanghai, China. The nursing profession globally faces a significant challenge due to aging populations, causing a human resources crisis. Job burnout notably impacts nurses' enthusiasm for work and their overall well-being. Understanding the trends in job burnout among nurses is crucial for addressing this issue. A cross-sectional study involving 799 nurses from a tertiary-care hospital and 11 community health service centers in Pudong New Area South, Shanghai, was conducted using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a general information questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, to assess job burnout levels. These data were compared with the established Maslach and Hangzhou norms in China. 74.6% of the participants experienced job burnout. The emotional exhaustion dimension had an average score of 27.27±13.93, indicating high levels of burnout; the depersonalization dimension had an average score of 7.83±6.68, showing moderate levels of fatigue; and the personal achievement dimension had an average score of 26.75±10.26, also indicating moderate fatigue. Notably, nurses aged 32-33 years with 11-12 years of professional experience were the most affected. The findings suggest that job burnout is a significant issue in Pudong New Area South, Shanghai, with a notable increase in severe burnout cases over the past decade. Nurses, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, face high rates of burnout, with emotional exhaustion being particularly prevalent. To support and retain the nursing workforce, hospital administrators must implement external reward mechanisms and develop policies that encourage personal growth, career development, and a humanistic approach to care. From our review of the literature, we identified instances where burnout standards are either not assessed or lack uniformity in their application. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt a standardized occupational burnout scale for a nationwide survey, encompassing nurse populations across various levels, including province, region, city, and institution. This approach will facilitate the establishment of a practical norm for occupational burnout within China. This norm would enable conducting regular assessments and comparisons to understand the evolving trends of job burnout among nurses, which could pave the way for the creation of targeted support interventions for the nursing profession.

Work and Environmental Factors on Job Burnout: A Cross-Sectional Study for Sustainable Work

In the context of sustainable development, the occupational sphere must be integrally considered within health promotion frameworks, ensuring an equitable work–life balance while recognizing and amplifying the capabilities of every employee. Concurrently, there is a notable trend of physicians transitioning from public to private healthcare sectors, with burnout frequently cited in scholarly discourse as a primary catalyst for this shift. The objective of our study was to examine the vulnerability of medical staff to burnout. To achieve this, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis involving 1084 physicians from various specialties, employed in urban hospital settings. This research was executed via the distribution of an anonymous questionnaire, utilizing the Google Forms platform during work hours. The questionnaire was based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale, specifically adapted for medical professionals, requiring respondents to provide insights into their experiences. Analysis of the collected data from a total of 614 respondents indicated a moderate predisposition towards burnout among the sample. These findings underscore the necessity for interventions targeting organizational flexibility and, notably, the restructuring of remuneration practices. Salaries often do not reflect the terms of employment contracts across numerous EU jurisdictions, necessitating urgent reforms. In conclusion, the reinforcement of interpersonal dynamics within medical teams and between healthcare institutions and their practitioners emerges as a critical strategy. Enhancing these relationships is essential for revitalizing the healthcare delivery system, ensuring that medical professionals are adequately compensated in alignment with the principles of sustainable employment.

Examination of Burnout Levels and Social Support Resources of Healthcare Workers in Filiation Teams During COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the level of burnout and social support of healthcare workers in filiation teams during the period of COVID-19 in Turkey. A total of 1028 healthcare workers have been reached. The sociodemographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) have been used. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were created, and independent t-tests and Pearson correlation tests were performed. 69.5% of the participants were females. The participants consisted of midwives (21.2%), nurses (15.5%), doctors (14.1%), psychologists (10.8%), and dentists (10.7%). The MSPSS scale scores of the participants were 62.66 ± 16.96; family 22.87 ± 5.85, friends 21.14 ± 6.30, and significant other person 18.65 ± 7.95. MBI scale scores are 54.05 ± 10.77, emotional exhaustion 18.12 ± 8.36, depersonalization 4.53 ± 3.45, and personal achievement 31.40 ± 7.04. The study showed that females have higher levels of emotional exhaustion and, as education levels, the population of the region, daily working hours, patient burden, and death of coronavirus-infected colleagues increase, and burnout levels increase.

Evaluation of psychological distress, burnout and structural empowerment status of healthcare workers during the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study

BackgroundIn light of several recent studies, there is evidence that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused various mental health concerns in the general population, as well as among healthcare workers (HCWs). The main aim of this study was to assess the psychological distress, burnout and structural empowerment status of HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak, and to evaluate its predictors.MethodsThis multi-center, cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey was conducted on HCWs during the outbreak of COVID-19 from August 2020 to January 2021. HCWs working in hospitals from 48 different countries were invited to participate in an online anonymous survey that investigated sociodemographic data, psychological distress, burnout and structural empowerment (SE) based on Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Conditions for work effectiveness questionnaire (CWEQ_II), respectively. Predictors of the total scores of DASS-21, MBI and CWEQ-II were assessed using unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsOut of the 1030 HCWs enrolled in this survey, all completed the sociodemographic section (response rate 100%) A total of 730 (70.9%) HCWs completed the DASS-21 questionnaire, 852 (82.6%) completed the MBI questionnaire, and 712 (69.1%) completed the CWEQ-II questionnaire. The results indicate that 360 out of 730 responders (49.3%) reported severe or extremely severe levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, 422 out of 851 responders (49.6%) reported a high level of burnout, while 268 out of 712 responders (37.6%) reported a high level of structural empowerment based on the DASS-21, MBI, and CWEQ-II scales, respectively. In addition, the analysis showed that HCWs working in the COVID-19 areas experienced significantly higher symptoms of severe stress, anxiety, depression and higher levels of burnout compared to those working in other areas. The results also revealed that direct work with COVID-19 patients, lower work experience, and high workload during the outbreak of COVID-19 increase the risks of negative psychological consequences.ConclusionHealth professionals had high levels of burnout and psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 emergency. Monitoring and timely treatment of these conditions is needed.

Organizational Commitment, Psychological Capital, and Job Burnout among Teachers: Closer Focus on Job Sector

The extent to which a person identifies with and actively participates in each organization is referred to as their organizational commitment, which is the attitude that influences employee behavior beneficial to the organization. The present study was designed to investigate the connection between job burnout, organizational commitment, and psychological capital among government and non-government officials. It also aimed to find out demographic differences, i.e., (job sector, gender, and job experience) in organizational Commitment, psychological capital, and job burnout among government and non-government officials. In the present research, data was collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, psychological capital, and organizational commitment scales from a conveniently selected sample of 400 teachers from different colleges in Mansehra, Haripur, and Abbottabad. The study's findings suggested a significant positive relationship between organizational commitment and psychological capital, whereas job burnout is significantly negatively associated with organizational commitment and psychological capital among teachers. Teachers affiliated with government institutions reported more job burnout, whereas non-government teachers scored high on psychological capital and organizational commitment. Female employees and employees with more than five years of job experience exhibited higher levels of job burnout and organizational commitment.

Unfinished nursing care in intensive care units and the mediating role of the association between nurse working environment, and quality of care and nurses’ wellbeing

ObjectivesUnfinished care refers to the situation in which nurses are forced to delay or omit necessary nursing care. The objectives was: 1) to measure the prevalence of unfinished nursing care in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) to examine whether unfinished nursing care has a mediating role in the relationship between nurse working environment and nurse-perceived quality of care and risk of burnout among nurses. DesignA national cross-sectional survey. SettingSeventy-five intensive care units in Belgium (December 2021 to February 2022). Main outcome measuresThe Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index was used to measure the work environment. The perception of quality and safety of care was evaluated via a Likert-type scale. The risk of burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale. ResultsA total of 2,183 nurse responses were included (response rate of 47.8%). Seventy-six percent of nurses reported at least one unfinished nursing care activity during their last shift. The staffing and resource adequacy subdimension of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index had the strongest correlation with unfinished nursing care. An increase in unfinished nursing care led to significantly lower perceived quality and safety of care and an increase in high risk of burnout. Unfinished nursing care appears to be a mediating factor for the association between staffing and resource adequacy and the quality and safety of care perceived by nurses and risk of burnout. ConclusionsUnfinished nursing care, which is highly related to staffing and resource adequacy, is associated with increased odds of nurses being at risk of burnout and reporting a lower level of perceived quality of care. Implications for clinical practiceThe monitoring of unfinished nursing care in the intensive care unit is an important early indicator of problems related to adequate staffing levels, the well-being of nurses, and the perceived quality of care.

Neurosurgery trainee well-being in a pediatric neurosurgery hospital: baseline data to motivate toward implementing change.

The aim of this study was to obtain aggregated baseline pediatric neurosurgery well-being data at a tertiary care institution. An institutional grant funded the completion of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) by 100% (n = 13) of the trainees during a 1-year period, including 1 pediatric neurosurgery fellow and 12 residents from 4 regional neurosurgery training programs. Aggregated and anonymized group results included frequency scores ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (every day). The mean ± SD group scores were compared to the general population of > 11,000 people in the human services professions. Burnout profiles were calculated on the basis of MBI scale scores by using established comparisons to standardized normal values. Burnout profile types include engaged, ineffective, overextended, disengaged, and burnout. The mean ± SD score for emotional exhaustion was 2.6 ± 1.1 for trainees compared with 2.3 ± 1.2 in the comparison population. The mean ± SD score for depersonalization was 1.6 ± 1 compared with 1.7 ± 1.2 in the comparison population. The mean ± SD score for personal accomplishment was 4.9 ± 0.7 compared with 4.3 ± 0.9 in the comparison population. Profiles were classified as engaged (n = 6), ineffective (n = 3), overextended (n = 3), and burnout (n = 1). Problematic profiles were present for more than half (7 [53.8%]) of pediatric neurosurgery trainees who cited higher emotional exhaustion than the general population of healthcare providers. Trainees scored lower in depersonalization and higher in personal accomplishment compared with the general population, which are both protective against burnout. Targeting factors that contribute to emotional exhaustion may have an impact on improving the overall well-being of pediatric neurosurgery trainees.

The Relationship between Nursing Burnout and Job Performance in Eradah Complex: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aims: This study aims to examine the relationship between job burnout and practical performance among nursing staff in the Eradah Complex in Jeddah Region.
 Study Design: A cross-sectional study design.
 Place and Duration of Study: Registered nurses for this research were randomly selected, and the data were collected for one year, starting from August 2022 till July 2023.
 Methodology: Data in this study were collected through the administration of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) as a standard inventory tool which was used to measure job burnout. as well as self-report questionnaire was used to measure practical performance. Questionnaires developed through MBI scale and self report survey forms were distributed among the participants to collect the data. Data reliability and statistical analyses using appropriate tests were done using the SPSS version 25.0 program.
 Results: This study involved 219 registered nurses as participants from different age groups with a mean age of 37.23±11.23 years old and a predominantly male gender (72%); in this study, these study results showed that there was a significant difference between factors affecting nurses' job performance and feeling stressed and their monthly income (P-value 0.027), while there was no significant difference between age, gender, marital status, education level, job title, and experience years and actors affecting nurses' job performance and feeling stressed.
 Conclusion: The existing evidence indicates that occupational fatigue might detrimentally affect practical performance. Job burnout can have a detrimental effect on practical performance as it can result in a decline in motivation and focus. A further manner in which job burnout can influence practical performance is through the manifestation of emotional tiredness. Nurses who are encountering job burnout may experience emotional exhaustion and a sense of being overwhelmed. This phenomenon has the potential to result in insufficiencies in personnel, hence exacerbating job burnout and diminishing practical performance.

Factors determining safety culture in hospitals: a scoping review

ObjectiveTo evaluate and synthesise the factors determining patient safety culture in hospitals.MethodsThe scoping review protocol was based on the criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Eligibility criteria were as follows:...

Impact of Workplace Bullying on Job Burnout

Workplace bullying can result in serious consequences for both employees and employers. Unfortunately, despite the guarantee of safe employment, workplace harassment, violations of employment rights, and bullying continue to occur within organizations. This study investigated the relationships and pathways between workplace bullying and job burnout in insurance company employees. The study consisted of 189 employees. The data were collected using a sociodemographic data questionnaire, the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised, and Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale. The model was tested using path analysis techniques within structural equation modeling. The analysis results demonstrated a strong positive correlation between workplace bullying and job burnout. The study revealed that assigning underperforming or impossible tasks, setting unachievable goals, and excessive workloads are indicators of workplace bullying. Hostile acts such as spreading rumors, speaking maliciously, ignoring someone intentionally, and teasing someone also contributed to diminished personal achievements and underperformance. Intimidation tactics, such as recalling mistakes or domineering behavior, also led to job burnout. The study's findings suggest that employers should be aware of workplace bullying's harmful effects and take measures to prevent it from occurring to protect their employees' well-being and organizational success.

Moral distress, psychological capital, and burnout in registered nurses.

This study aimed to explore the relationship among moral distress, psychological capital, and burnout in registered nurses. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing, Hangzhou Normal University (Approval no. 2022001). A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 397 nurses from three Grade-A tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China. Participants completed demographic information, the Nurses' Moral Distress Scale, the Nurses' Psychological Capital Scale, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The study found that moral distress and burnout are positively correlated, while psychological capital is negatively correlated with both moral distress and burnout. The path analysis in structural equation modeling revealed that moral distress has a significant direct effect on psychological capital, while psychological capital has a significant direct effect on burnout. In addition, moral distress also had a significant indirect effect on burnout through psychological capital. Moreover, both the direct effect of moral distress on burnout and the total effect of moral distress on burnout were significant. The findings suggest that psychological capital plays an important role in the relationship between moral distress and burnout. Promoting psychological capital among nurses may be a promising strategy for preventing moral distress and burnout in the workplace.

Quality of life of critical care nurses and impact on anxiety, depression, stress, burnout and sleep quality: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo investigate how anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, and sleep quality impact on Quality of life of critical care nurses. BackgroundSeveral studies reported that critical care nurses are exposed to a high risk of anxiety, depression, burnout, stress, and sleep quality, but we do not know the impact of critical care nurses. DesignA cross-sectional study. MethodsWe have included all critical care nurses working in the intensive care unit for at least six months. Data were collected from December 1, 2021, to March 18, 2022. We evaluated the critical care nurses using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Maslach Burnout Inventory scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Nurse Quality of Life. The primary endpoint is Quality of Life. Associations were tested using multivariate modelling. ResultsA total of 140 critical care nurses were included. Multivariate regression showed the relation between emotional QoL and emotional exhaustion and DASS total score [OR = 0.14; 95% CI (0.03–0.73); p = 0.019 and OR = 3.64; 95% CI (1.07–12.32); p = 0.038, respectively]. Personal accomplishment and DASS total score have a direct relationship on quality of work-life [OR = 0.21; 95% CI (0.05–0.82); p = 0.024 and OR = 4.18; 95% CI (1.01–17.33); p = 0.049, respectively]. ConclusionsThe physical quality of life is not optimal in critical care nurses, while burnout and the DASS score directly impact the emotional and work-life quality of life. Implications for clinical practiceOur research has highlighted the importance of detecting the quality of life of critical care nurses. The nurses should take proper care of their health by adopting the right health behaviours to create correct work conditions and increase the quality of care for critically ill patients.

Health-promoting work schedules among nurses and nurse assistants in France: results from nationwide AMADEUS survey

BackgroundThe study aimed to investigate the relationship between different work schedules and self-reported working conditions and health risk behaviours among nurses and nurse assistants (NNA) in France. It hypothesized that work schedules, particularly long shifts, could impact work-life balance, workload, stress levels, burnout, and smoking habits. NNA had the option to work either with a 7-hour schedule, 5 days per week, or with long work schedules consisting of ten to twelve-hour shifts, three days per week. These schedules could potentially influence various aspects of their professional lives.MethodsThe survey followed the guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement and was administered to NNA working in public and private national healthcare facilities in France. The researchers used the Job Content Questionnaire to assess the work environment and the French version of the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale to measure burnout.ResultsA total of 3,133 NNA participated in the study, including 2,369 nurses (75.6%) and 764 nurse assistants (24.4%). Among them, 1,811 individuals (57.8%) followed a 7-hour work schedule, while 1,322 individuals (42.2%) had a long work schedule. Multivariate analyses revealed that NNA working with long schedules reported higher psychological demands, more frequent burnout, a higher number of daily smoked cigarettes, and greater coffee consumption. These findings were independent of other factors such as sector of employment, type of healthcare facility, job status, work schedules, night shifts, department specialty, age, and family responsibilities.ConclusionsWhile some NNA may choose long schedules to have more days off, those working with these schedules experience greater work-related burdens and engage in worse health risk behaviours as a coping mechanism. It emphasizes the importance of considering health-promoting work schedules to address the high psychological demands and burnout experienced by NNA with long schedules. Implementing changes in work schedules could potentially improve the overall well-being and job satisfaction of these healthcare professionals.

Use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Among Public Health Care Professionals: Scoping Review.

Work can be considered a source of living, well-being, and socioeconomic development. When the work environment negatively influences individuals, it may trigger emotional disturbances, behavioral problems, chronic stress conditions, and illnesses such as burnout syndrome (BS). Recently, studies on BS have increased and placed a special focus on health care professionals. The prevalence of BS among health professionals is associated with their chronic exposure to human hardship and long working hours without proper rest. These factors have contributed to greater stress and high physical and emotional exhaustion levels. This study aims to identify and map studies using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale to identify burnout syndrome in health professionals working in public health services. This scoping review was developed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers Manual and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). A total of 6 databases were searched to identify relevant studies: Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE or PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Gray literature was consulted on ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Google Scholar, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations. Additionally, the reference lists were searched to retrieve studies not previously selected. The steps followed in this study were proposed by Arskey and O'Malley and Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien: identification of research questions, identification of potential studies, study selection, data extraction and imputation, data analyses and interpretation, and consultation with stakeholders. The detailed methodology was published in a protocol. A total of 55 articles were identified after screening for eligibility criteria, published between 1999 and 2021 in 32 countries. Most reports were published in Brazil, Spain, and China. A total of 22 versions of the MBI were identified, presenting different items, scores, and cutoff points. The included studies had recommendations and implications for clinical practice. The consultation with stakeholders allowed knowledge translation for those interested in BS. Studies mostly included physicians (34/55, 61.8%) and nurses (24/55, 43.6%), and the original version of MBI was predominantly used. Divergences in BS classification were highlighted, which may be related to MBI cross-cultural adaptations and applications in other countries. This study contributes to the advancement of research regarding burnout syndrome as an occupational illness since it has harmful consequences for workers, health care services, and the quality of care provided to the population.

Children with special educational needs and parental burnout during the pandemic lockdown period

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether children with special needs and their parents had problems with special education needs during the lockdown, and to examine the relationship between the special education process and the parent-child relationship, the level of burnout of parents. Material and Methods: Our study included 283 parents with children registered to a special education and rehabilitation centers in Kocaeli province of Turkey during the 2020-2021 academic year. Sociodemographic data form, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Parent-Child Relationship Scale were given to parents. Results: Burnout of the parents with children with autism spectrum disorder is at a higher level. The development of the children with parents who had high burnout scores regressed. The progress in the development of children whose mothers were employed, whose parents did not work from home, whose family's monthly income was 4501 TL and above, and who received special education for 0-24 months until the restriction period of the pandemic was reported as better by the parents. Parents with children aged 11-below have more positive relationship with their children. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the closure of special education may play a role in increased burnout and negatively affected children and parents. Monitoring the development process of children and the mood of parents during pandemics or other situations that lead to the closure of special education centres will be important to identify the problem areas and prepare support programmes.

COMPARISON OF THE LEVEL OF BURNOUT AMONG THE ACADEMIC AND CLINICAL PHYSICAL THERAPISTS

Aims of Study: To compare the level of burnout among the academic and clinical physical therapists. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2020. Data was collected from physical therapists working in the universities and hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data was collected from 278 participants. Maslach burnout inventory scale was used to measure the level of burnout which was analyzed using SPSS statistics 21. Results: The mean value of emotional exhaustion for clinical physical therapists was 20.02 ± 8.08 and for academic physical therapist was 18.6 ± 6.57 with significant p value (p˂0.05). The mean value for depersonalization for clinical physical therapists was 9.22 ± 5.17 and for academic 9.29 ± 5.07 with significant p value (p˂0.05). The mean value of personal accomplishment for clinical physical therapists and academic physical therapists was 35.43 ± 7.715 and 35.74 ± 6.49 respectively with non-significant p value (p˃0.05). Limitations and Future Implications: It was conducted for specific time period which not record the overall or yearly impact of burnout on participants. So time lapse and longitudinal study should be done. Originality: The clinical physical therapists have increased level of burnout than academic physical therapists. Conclusion: The clinical physical therapists have increased level of burnout than academic physical therapists.

Psychiatric aspects of healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Surabaya, Indonesia: prevalence of anxiety, resilience, burnout, and their correlations to stress markers

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/nI_6kXZ0cSw Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic severely affected healthcare services, including causing negative impacts on healthcare workers’ mental health. An observational study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital aimed to measure the prevalence of anxiety, resilience, burnout and their correlations to stress biomarkers amongst healthcare workers in Surabaya, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants were residents who managed COVID-19 patients, chosen using random sampling. All participants had a 1-week shift working with COVID-19 patients in an isolation ward. The study used online questionnaires and laboratory data at the shift’s beginning and end. Along with collecting sociodemographic characteristics, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Brief Resiliency Scale (BRS), and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scales were administered online. At the same time, laboratory markers such as Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol, and CD4 values were studied. Results: 61 participants were included in the study. At the beginning of the shift, 59% of participants had moderate to severe anxiety, and 83.62% had normal to high resilience. The early proportion of the participants having burnout from combined MBI measures was 88.52%. MBI-EE median scores were lower in the married group (6.50 vs. 9.50, p-value=0.030). NLR value was significantly related to STAI-S and BRS (p-value=0.007 and 0.049, respectively). Conclusions: Most healthcare workers had anxiety and burnout, with normal levels of resilience. Our study found that NLR might be useful as a marker for anxiety and resilience.

Job Insecurity on Burnout in Kupang City Government Employees, East Nusa Tenggara

The Kupang City Government is expected to create a comfortableenvironment for employees to minimize burnout. This study aims to determine theeffect of job insecurity on burnout in Kupang City Government Employees. Theparticipants in this study were 359 employees who worked in 10 government officesof the City of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, who were selected using a randomcluster sampling technique. This study uses a quantitative approach with theMultidimensional Qualitative Job Insecurity Scale (MQJIS) (Cronbach’s alpha =0.764) to measure the independent variables and The Maslach Burnout Inventory(MBI) Scale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.797) for the dependent variable. This study used asimple regression test with the help of the SPSS Statistics 25.0 application. Theresults showed that the value of R = 0.667 with p = 0.000 <0.01 and R² = 0.445. Thisshows a positive relationship between job insecurity and burnout, where jobinsecurity accounts for 44.5% of burnout. This means that job insecurity has a largeeffect on burnout. Hopefully, this research can provide information, thoughts, andinput to the Kupang City Government regarding job insecurity and burnoutexperienced by employees

COVID-19 psychological impact in general practitioners: A longitudinal study

IntroductionCOVID-19 may have negatively impacted the mental health of front-line healthcare workers, including general practitioners (GPs). This study sought to assess the psychological impact (stress, burnout and self-efficacy) of the COVID-19 outbreak in French GPs. MethodsWe carried out a postal-based survey of all GPs who worked in the French region of Normandy (departments of Calvados, Manche and Orne) from the exhaustive database of the Union Régionale des Médecins libéraux (URML Normandie) as of 15th April 2020 (one month after the first French COVID-19 sanitary lockdown). The second survey was conducted four months later. Four validated self-report questionnaires were used at both inclusion and follow-up: Perceived Stress scale (PSS), Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE). Demographic data were also collected. ResultsThe sample consists of 351 GPs. At the follow-up, 182 answered the questionnaires (response rate: 51.8%). The mean scores of MBI significantly increased during follow-up [Emotional exhaustion (EE) and Personal accomplishment, P<0.01]. Higher burnout symptoms were found at the 4-month follow-up in 64 (35.7%) and 86 (48.0%) participants (43 and 70 participant at baseline), according respectively to EE and depersonalisation scores (P=0.01 and 0.09, respectively). ConclusionThis is the first longitudinal study that has shown the psychological impact of COVID-19 in French GPs. Based on validated a self-report questionnaire, burnout symptoms increased during follow-up. It is necessary to continue monitoring psychological difficulties of healthcare workers especially during consecutive waves of COVID-19 outbreak.

Global Resilience in Plastic Surgery Study (GRIPS): Resilience is Associated with Lower Burnout Rates.

A survey was sent via email to the members of plastic surgery societies (ICOPLAST) and the trainees from (ASPS) Resident Council from November 2021 through January 2022. The data included: demographics, training program characteristics, physician wellness resources, and single item Maslach-Burnout Inventory and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale questionnaire. One-hundred seventy-five plastic surgery trainees responded to the survey. Of these, 119 (68%) trainees from 24 countries completed the full survey. Most respondents 110 (92%) had heard of physician burnout, and almost half of respondents (45%) had burnout. The average Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale score varied significantly amongst trainees self-reporting burnout and those who did not (28.6 versus 31.3, P = 0.008). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that increased work hours per week were associated with an increased risk of burnout (OR = 1.03, P = 0.04). Higher resilience score (OR = 0.92; P = 0.04) and access to wellness programs (OR = 0.60, P = 0.0004) were associated with lower risk of burnout. Burnout is prevalent across plastic surgery trainees from diverse countries. Increased work hours were associated with burnout, whereas access to wellness programs and higher resilience scores were "protective." Our data suggest that efforts to build resilience may mitigate burnout in plastic surgery trainees.