A randomly selected group of 195 new mothers completed the Bem Sex-role Inventory, the SCL-90, and a demographic questionnaire. A two-way analysis of variance tested the main effects of masculinity and femininity as well as the interaction effect of masculine and feminine sex roles and psychological adjustment. Most analyses showed significant main effects for masculinity only, indicating that it is the functional sex-role variable distinguishing levels of psychological adjustment in new mothers. However, a nearly significant interaction between masculinity and femininity-with no significant main effects-on the adjustment dimension of hostility gives tentative support for the notion that androgynous new mothers are less hostile than masculine, feminine, or undifferentiated ones.