Masculine Gender Research Articles

Человек и машина: гендерная инверсия и проблема искусственного тела в рассказе А.А. Барковой «Стальной муж» (1926)

The article considers the short story by Anna Barkova, “The Steel Husband,” in many ways: as a point of intersection of several different influences (“pornographic prose” from the heyday of the “women’s question”; the poetry of the Proletcultists, in particular, the association “Kuznitsa”; discussion of the 1920s about the “sexual question” within the framework of the struggle for a “new way of life”); in the aspect of the centuries-old history of the “artificial body” topic; from the point of view of the motifs of Barkova’s work in general, in particular autobiographical (“psychological” ones); and in the light of gender studies, since in the story there is a gender inversion of the traditional topic. The research reveals plot borrowings and echoes with the short stories of Anatoly Kamensky’s “The Ideal Wife” and A. Mire’s “Rambellino.” The article concludes that by performing several inversions in the story “The Steel Husband,” including gender inversion, which manifests itself primarily in the use of an “inverted” ratio of male and female roles in the Pygmalionist plot about the creation of an “artificial body,” Anna Barkova, at the same time, relays essential elements of the masculine gender order, and in her “technical” story the “eternal values” still paradoxically win.

“I Am a Football Player and/or a Girl”: Psychosemantics of Self-Consciousness among Teenage Female Football Players

Background. Women’s football (soccer), despite official recognition and growing popularity, is perceived as a gender-non-typical sport. This contradiction can be implicitly transmitted by society and acts as a condition of conflict in the self-consciousness of teenage female football players (TFFPs). In this study, the model of self-consciousness is defined as the semantic structures generated in the dialogic interaction “person – sociocultural environment”. Objective. Various options, including internally conflicting ones, for the content of self-consciousness in the context of both gender (girl) and professional sports (football player) are identified in comparison with the gender personality type of TFFPs. Design. The psychosemantic method of multiple identifications is used to assess self-consciousness in participants. Image-markers of self-identification in gender and professional sports semantics are assessed through verbal personal characteristics and non-verbal color-associative stimuli. Sample: 29 female football players aged 15 years who have been involved in pre-professional football for the last 5–7 years. Results. In TFFPs with androgynous and masculine gender personality types, self-consciousness is not conflicted; the image of a football player has masculine semantics. In TFFPs with a feminine gender personality type, self-consciousness is not conflicted due to the transformation of the image of a football player from traditionally masculine semantics to more feminine ones. TFFPs with an undifferentiated gender personality type are characterized by contradictions at the explicit and implicit levels of self-consciousness. Conclusion. The results confirm the concept of self-consciousness as a process of dialogical interaction between the self-image and images of the socio-cultural environment, as well as the possibility of its diagnosis as individual variants of psychosemantic structures.

Exploring differences between gender expressions in exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations for exercise in individuals with stroke.

Gender expression may be associated with exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations for exercise in the general population. Exercising for challenge and enjoyment are associated with the instrumental traits typically held by individuals with masculine gender expressions. Conversely, exercising for weight loss to receive validation from others are in line with the expressive traits most commonly held by individuals with feminine gender expressions. Moreover, possessing neither dominant nor expressive traits (undifferentiated gender expressions) have been linked to poorer psychological outcomes. Exercise is important after stroke, but gender differences in psychosocial factors for exercise in this population were unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore whether gender expression differences exist in exercise self-efficacy and outcome expectations for exercise post-stroke. Gender expression (masculine, feminine, androgynous, undifferentiated) was assessed using the Bem Sex-Role Inventory-12 (BSRI-12) in 67 individuals with stroke. Self-efficacy and outcomes expectations for exercise were assessed using the Self-Efficacy for Physical Activity Scale and Short Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale, respectively. One-way analysis of covariance models were conducted, adjusting for biological sex, age, and time post-stroke. There were differences in exercise self-efficacy across the four gender expression groups (F(3,60) = 4.28, p<0.01), where individuals with masculine gender expressions had higher self-efficacy than those with undifferentiated gender expressions (adjusted mean: 3.56 [SE: 0.17] vs. 2.72 [SE:0.18], p<0.01). There were no differences in outcome expectations for exercise (F(3,57) = 1.08, p = 0.36) between gender expressions. In our pairwise comparisons, we found that individuals with masculine gender expressions had higher exercise self-efficacy than individuals possessing undifferentiated gender expressions. Strategies to enhance exercise self-efficacy after stroke are needed, particularly for individuals with undifferentiated gender expression. There were no associations between gender expression and outcome expectations for exercise after stroke. Clinicians may continue reinforcing the positive expectations towards exercise across all gender expressions.

Socioeconomic Factors and Perceptual Gaps in Quality Physical Education in Japan

Japan initiated the latest curriculum reform in physical education (PE) to cultivate a desirable programme for students and improve quality physical education (QPE). This study invited 221 PE teachers (53.4% males and 45.3% females) from Tokyo and Hiroshima to demonstrate their perceptual understanding of the QPE situation in Japan. The validated 'Global Index of Quality Physical Education' questionnaire (Ho et al., 2021) was used for data collection. The overall QPE score was 6.37 points out of 10. The lowestscored dimensions were Plans for Feasibility and Accessibility of PE (5.05) and Governmental Input for PE (5.37). There were no significant differences in the perspectives on overall QPE among genders and different years of experience between PE teachers and professionals. Significant differences in perspectives on QPE were evident between PE teachers and professionals working in Tokyo and Hiroshima and between job positions. The discussion focuses on the marginal success of the situation in QPE in Japan, resulting from the socioeconomic barriers of a masculinity culture, gender stereotyping, and city differences in financial situation. The paper discusses the gaps and differences of QPE in Japan and the development implications of quality PE programmes.

Treatment Goals of Adolescents and Young Adults for Gender Dysphoria.

With this study, we aim to describe transgender and nonbinary adolescents and young adults' stated gender treatment goals at the time of initial presentation to medical care. This is a retrospective chart review of transgender and nonbinary patients aged 10 to 24 seeking specific gender-affirming health care. Charts were reviewed for specifically stated goals of future hormonal or surgical care for gender and analyzed by the experienced or asserted gender (man, woman, nonbinary, eclectic) of participants. In total, 176 patient encounters were reviewed. Of these, 71% were assigned female at birth. Most participants experienced a masculine gender (46.6%), identified as white (65.3%), and had private health insurance (73.3%). Most patients had a goal of initiating hormone therapy (97.4%) and eventual surgery (87.1%). Of those who had a surgical goal, most (87.5%) desired surgery of the chest or breast, and a minority (29.3%) desired eventual genital surgery. The second-largest gender group was patients who either declined to state an asserted gender or felt unable to describe their gender experience (eclectic, 23.3%), and this group's treatment goals did not mirror any other group's goals. At the time of initial presentation to medical care for gender-specific needs, many adolescents are capable of asserting specific treatment goals. Most do not desire genital surgery. A large minority of patients decline to state an asserted gender or feel unable to assert a specific gender, and this population appears distinct from more traditional genders in terms of treatment goals.

A qualitative community health assessment of HIV prevention awareness in a semi-rural Latinx seasonal farm working community in South Florida

This article explores HIV awareness and prevention in a Latinx seasonal farmworker community of south Miami-Dade County in the USA. The study took place as part of a larger community assessment that aimed to determine community needs and resources related to substance abuse, violence and HIV in the Latinx seasonal farmworker communities of south Miami-Dade County, with a particular focus on fathers’ and their male sons’ relationships. The study collected data on HIV knowledge and prevention, healthcare-seeking behaviours, cultural norms, and communication barriers about HIV prevention between fathers and sons. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with community leaders, two focus groups with social and health services providers, and four focus groups involving fathers and their adolescent sons. A deductive approach to data analysis was undertaken. Five major themes were identified: (1) HIVrelated knowledge and perception; (2) HIV prevention strategies; (3) barriers and needs for tailored preventive health and care services in the community; (4) stress over sex-related communication; and (5) the dominance of traditional masculine gender norms in the household and the community.

520. Polymerized type I collagen as a treatment for COVID-19 in Mexico

Abstract Background In Mexico, Polymerized Type I Collagen (PTIC) has been used as a treatment for patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, who present inflammation, coagulation activation and oxygen requirements, its use being successful both in outpatient and hospital settings, decreasing morbidity and mortality rates. in patients at high risk of complications. Methods Descriptive and retrospective study, which analyzes the response to treatment with PTIC throughout the various waves of COVID-19 presented in Mexico, reviewing the inflammation markers and severity indices, as well as the mortality of each group. Results 250 patients who used PTIC were entered into the study, distributed according to the waves of COVID (2nd wave=35, 3rd wave=65, 4th wave=120 and 5th wave=30), the average age of all the patients was 46 years , being the masculine gender the most prevalent; The main risk factors in this population are: Obesity, Diabetes and Hypertension. Biochemically, all presented lymphocytopenia, mild thrombocytopenia, as well as elevation of inflammatory markers (D-dimer, ferritin, C-reactive protein, neutrophil/lymphocyte index) and high severity scores with data of secondary hypoxemia, highlighting those affected in the 4th wave where the Delta strain predominated. After treatment with PTIC, inflammation and hypoxemia improved significantly, highlighting low mortality rates even during the 4th wave, which was the most aggressive in Mexico and dominated by the Delta-strain. Mortality in each wave was: 2nd wave=2.9%, 3rd wave=3%, 4th wave=6% and 5th wave=0% Conclusion PTIC is a good treatment for moderate to severe COVID-19 in patients with a high risk of complications, significantly reducing mortality rates as well as the risks of inflammation and secondary thrombosis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

His or Her? Errors in Possessive Determiners Made by L2-English Native Spanish Speakers

Native Spanish speakers commonly confuse third person singular possessive determiners when making gender agreements, which is considered an error-prone grammatical feature because there are syntactic differences in their use between English and Spanish. This study conducted an elicited production task to explore whether proficiency in English affects the correct use of his/her by Spanish speakers in speech production, whether participants make more errors depending on the gender match or mismatch between the possessor and the possessum in the noun phrase, and whether there are differences in the number of errors made due to the gender of the possessor. The results showed that sentences with a gender mismatch condition had higher error rates and that advanced L2 speakers made fewer mistakes than less proficient ones. However, proficiency did not mitigate the number of errors in sentences which required the use of the feminine possessive determiner, which is in line with the theory of the default masculine gender in Spanish. The study provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by native Spanish speakers when producing possessive gender agreements in English and highlights the need for more targeted instruction to address these issues in the teaching of English as a foreign language.

“Be that Light for the Next Generation”: Latino Men Find Agency During Their Undergraduate Experiences

This qualitative phenomenological study used Harro’s (1997) Cycle of Socialization framework to explore how Latino men made meaning of their undergraduate experiences in relation to their sense of masculine gender identity. The findings center on the socialization of Latino masculine gender identity through familial norms and expectations, navigating student success challenges in relation to a learned aversion to asking for help, and developing a sense of liberation through an unlearning of masculine gender norms. This study provides implications for practice and research to advance support for undergraduate Latino men students through the study of the socializing role of the Latino family, a deeper integration of the Latino family into the undergraduate experiences of Latino men, and the support of Latino men through tailored peer-mentoring based programming.

СПОСОБЫ ОБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ ЖЕНСКОГО ПОЛА У СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ ПЕРЕХОДНОГО К ОБЩЕМУ РОДА («КАНДИДАТОВ» В ОБЩИЙ РОД): ТРАДИЦИОННОЕ И НОВОЕ

The article analyzes the rules of the use of masculine nouns denoting women in speech, as well as the nature of compliance or violation of these rules in modern Russian. It is observed that, according to grammatical tradition, predicate verbs can agree with these words semantically (are used in the feminine gender), and adjectives and other attributes — grammatically (are used in the masculine gender). It was revealed that the first of the named norms in modern Russian is observed, while the second often admits violations and options. Among the possible reasons for the spread of semantic coordination in the language are the loosening of the grammatical norm and the dominance of the pragmatic function in the use of the language.

THE EFFECT OF GENDER CHARACTERISTICS AND MATHEMATICS HABITS OF MIND ON STUDENTS' MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMES IN KENDARI

This study aims to describe gender characteristics, describe Mathematics Habits of Mind, and determine the effect of gender characteristics and Mathematics Habits of Mind on mathematics learning outcomes. This study method uses a quantitative approach with the type of ex-post facto research. The gender characteristics questionnaire was adapted from the Bem Sex Role Inventory by Sandra L. Bem (1977), and the Mathematics Habits of Mind questionnaire was modified by Costa and Kallick (2008). While the results of learning mathematics are taken from the teacher's documentation of the results of students' daily tests. Based on the results of the research data analysis, it was found that 1) There were ten students with Feminine Gender, there were 34 students with Masculine Gender, there were 26 students with Androgyny Gender, and there 35 students with Undifferentiated Gender; 2) Mathematics Habits of Mind of students who are in the High category by 1.9% of students; 55.2% are in the Medium category, and 42.9% are in a Low category; 3) There is an effect of gender characteristics and Mathematics Habits of Mind on students' mathematics learning outcomes

Semantic agreement in Russian: Gender, declension, and morphological ineffability

In this paper, I argue that declension classes are not primitives (see Aronoff 1994; Alexiadou 2004; Kramer 2015; i.a.), but are decomposed into simpler features, one of which is gender (Harris 1991; Wiese 2004; Caha 2019). The argument is based on semantic gender agreement in Russian, where a grammatically masculine noun can trigger feminine agreement if its referent is female (Mučnik 1971; Pesetsky 2013). Semantic agreement is grammatical only in those forms where a regular nominal exponent is syncretic with an exponent of a declension class that includes feminine nouns. In other forms, conflicting masculine and feminine gender features lead to ineffability in morphology (cf. Schütze 2003; Asarina 2011; Coon and Keine 2020). Ineffability arises because the Subset Principle (Halle 1997) that holds between features of a vocabulary item and a terminal at the point of Vocabulary Insertion is violated later in the derivation. This is in turn possible if Vocabulary Insertion applying cyclically bottom-up (Bobaljik 2000) is interleaved with Lowering that alters structure below a triggering node (Embick and Noyer 2001). Finally, I show that Russian also has a number of cases where conflicting gender features in a noun phrase do not result in a realization failure (Iomdin 1980). The difference between these patterns is derived in a principled way and follows from the positions where conflicting features are introduced.

Gender roles and gender norms associated with psychological distress in women and men among the Dutch general population.

Women report more psychological distress than men, which may be related to both biological sex and socio-cultural gender. We tested whether associations between gender and distress differ for women and men. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 678 Dutch people (54% women). Gender roles were assessed as masculinity and femininity. A composite gender norm score was calculated by summing gendered sociodemographics. Multivariate regressions examined sex, gender, and their interaction for depressive symptoms, anxiety, and perceived stress, additionally adjusted. Women reported more psychological distress. People scoring higher on masculine gender roles, but not feminine gender roles, reported lower psychological distress. A higher gender norm score was related to more depressive symptoms and perceived stress. This association was only present in men and was explained by health-related covariates. This research shows that there is a need to further elaborate on the discrepancies between sex and gender in health psychology research to better understand individual differences.

Masculine God Imagery and Sense of Life Purpose: Examining Contingencies with America's “Four Gods”

AbstractThough God imagery has been extensively studied within sociological and psychological traditions, much less attention has been paid to gendered God concepts and their connections to well‐being. Previous work has suggested that God images may reflect ontological assumptions that inform interpretations of the world as well as one's place within it. We argue that the relationship between masculine God imagery and a sense of life purpose may vary by gender and depend on further contingencies of other God images held by individuals’ images of God as engaged, angry, critical, and distant. Drawing on nationally representative data from the 2007 Baylor Religion Survey (n = 415 men and n = 577 women), our results suggest that stronger masculine God imagery was associated with greater life purpose for men, and lower life purpose for women. We also observed that stronger beliefs in an engaged God appeared to weaken the association between masculine God imagery and lower life purpose for women, while men who did not support masculine gender ideology reported lower life purpose if they endorsed stronger beliefs in an angry or critical God. We interpret our results by drawing on research at the intersection of gender, religion, and theology, and suggest several directions for future work.

A Social Media Survey of US Adolescent Preferences for Menstrual Bleeding Patterns

Study ObjectiveAssess preferences for menstrual pattern and acceptability and knowledge about safety of induced amenorrhea among adolescents and young adults MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey of U.S. residents aged 14-24 years at least one-year post-menarche. Online recruitment was via the social media platform “TikTok” on a teen reproductive health channel. Survey questions focused on menstrual history, menstrual pattern preferences, and demographics. The primary outcome was the proportion of post-menstrual individuals who would prefer amenorrhea versus scheduled bleeding. ResultsFrom 5,113 potential respondents who accessed the eligibility screening, 3,001 completed surveys and met inclusion criteria. Most were age 14-18 (63.7%), distributed proportionally among all U.S. Census Regions. When asked if they could pick their period-bleeding style without any permanent impacts, almost three-quarters chose no bleeding at all (amenorrhea; 71.5%) compared to scheduled periods; 28.5%). However, 63.7% agreed or were uncertain when faced with the statement: “It might be unsafe if hormone medications stop your period-bleeding.” After adjusting for age, gender expression, race, religion, heavy bleeding, and frequent bleeding, factors associated with preference for amenorrhea versus regular bleeding were younger age, masculine gender expression, white race, and non-Christian religious background. Baseline bleeding amount and frequency were not associated with preference for amenorrhea. ConclusionsMore than two-thirds of U.S. adolescents and young adults indicated a preference for medication-induced amenorrhea if the method was assured to not have any permanent effects on the body, despite highly prevalent misconceptions about health and safety.

Creating a space for trans self‐narrative in 1930s Turkey: Kenan Çinili's memoir

AbstractThe memoir of Kenan Çinili, a transgender person who was widely covered by newspapers in Turkey in the second half of the 1930s, sheds light on the historically and geographically unique workings of cisheteronormativity. Through a self‐reflexive reading of the memoir and newspaper accounts from this period, this article explores how a narrative transgender subjectivity emerges from the appropriation and negotiation of tropes, figures and discourses that make this subjectivity intelligible. Through the use of the medium of photography, which exposed and spectacularised gender nonconformity, Kenan was able to performatively embody and visually present a masculine gender identity. However, the space Kenan created for narrative and visual self‐constitution was conditioned by their privileges based on class, urban–rural hierarchy, ethnicity and normative sexual dimorphism.

Role of Traditional Circumcision in Formation of Masculine Gender Identity in Selected Communities in Africa

Traditional circumcision is considered an important rite of passage that marks the transition from boyhood to manhood. It is often seen as a way to initiate young males into adult society and convey societal expectations of masculinity. Based on the Ubuntu philosophy, the study employed a qualitative exploratory design and semi-structured interviews that were analyzed using thematic decomposition analysis. The study purposively sampled 30 respondents from Bukusu (Kenya), Aembu (Kenya) and Lemba (Zimbabwe). Data was collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that traditional circumcision of men served as a mechanism for imparting societal values, beliefs, and responsibilities to young boys, reinforcing cultural norms and expectations of masculinity. Through this process, boys were educated about their roles and responsibilities within their specific community, which may include aspects such as being a provider for their families, protecting their communities, and upholding cultural traditions. This study recommends engagement in respectful dialogue and collaboration between western perspectives and African communities for a better understanding of the cultural significance of circumcision while addressing health and safety concerns.

In the periphery of an indefinite pronoun. Forms and functions of conceptual agreement with jemand

Abstract In German, the social gender of the human referent matches the grammatical gender of the noun and pronoun in many cases. Nevertheless, those categories can also differ from each other. The indefinite pronoun jemand ‘someone’ prototypically exhibits masculine grammatical gender irrespective of its concrete referents. This paper addresses a special phenomenon that can occur with jemand, namely, the conceptual agreement of relative pronouns, i.e., the occurrence of feminine target forms that refer to the masculine indefinite pronoun jemand (Sie ist jemand, die gerne Kaffee trinkt ‘She is someone m , who f likes to drink coffee’). Based on two empirical analyses that examine the phenomenon from different methodological perspectives, this article will demonstrate that the marked phenomenon is comparatively rare, but does occur nevertheless. The phenomenon cannot be fully explained by the loss of the genericity of indefinite pronouns. In fact, either semantic or pragmatic explanations can be applied. This phenomenon can especially be observed in specific types of contexts (or constructions) that lack the prototypical feature of indefinite pronouns: indefinite reference. Jemand increasingly seems to be emerging in non-prototypical contexts for indefinite pronouns, which to some extent override the morphosyntactic features of the (relevant) part of speech. This occurrence is a semantic explanation for conceptual agreement forms. Pragmatic explanations for variation in agreement forms can be applied in prototypical contexts of indefinite pronouns, for example when an effort to use gender-sensitive language is made. Based on the phenomenon of conceptual agreement, this article thus explores the functions and properties in the periphery of indefinite pronouns as a part of speech.

Gender Role Attitudes Influence Vocal Masculine Preferences Among Gay Men in China.

Gender role attitudes refer to attitudes toward the appropriate roles, rights, and responsibilities of men and women in society. Evidence indicates that individuals with traditional gender role attitudes tend to prefer mates with sex-typical opposite-sex characteristics in heterosexual men and women. This study examined whether gender role attitudes were associated with vocal masculinity preference in gay men in China. Five hundred and sixty-seven participants aged between 16 and 49 years completed the vocal masculinity preference (voice pitch and vocal tract length; VTLs) and gender role attitudes scale. The results indicated that gay men generally preferred masculine voices (lower voice pitch and longer VTLs) and gender role attitudes were positively correlated with preferences for masculine cues in the voices of men. While individuals indicating an affinity with traditional gender roles exhibited stronger preferences for feminine voices, which were inconsistent with the present hypotheses. The results help us understand the role of traditional gender beliefs in the mate preferences of gay men in China. Furthermore, based on the results, understanding one's gender-role attitudes can help cultivate more diversified criteria for mate selection and facilitate gay men in better choosing suitable mates. Future longitudinal studies should examine the relationship between gender role attitudes and masculine preference changes over time. Whether this relationship differs in the different sexual roles of gay men should also be explored.

Gender variation in indeclinable inanimate nouns and gender markedness in modern Russian

AbstractIn this paper, the results of a large web-corpus study on gender of Russian inanimate indeclinable common nouns are presented. In most cases, neuter is assigned to indeclinables as a default. However, morphophonological and semantic analogy may lead to feminine and masculine gender assignment. An extensive variation is observed in the whole group of indeclinables and for particular words, which is much larger than anything that can be found in indeclinable nouns. These data support the idea that both masculine and neuter genders have a special status in the Russian gender system (Magomedova &amp; Slioussar 2023). Masculine tends to be chosen in case of conflicting gender cues. When there are no strong cues pointing to any gender, neuter is assigned as the default option. The results of the study are hardly compatible with various structural approaches to gender assignment, but can be accounted for in competition-based models.