Mary Beard Research Articles

Marriage, Women, and Property: A Legal History of Enforced Dependence

The study of married women's property law must be seen as a cohesive, gradual process of reform, rather than a dramatic or radical innovation commencing with 19th-century legislative initiatives. Marylynn Salmon's book on legal developments relating to married women's property shows with succinct and careful detail how the roots of legislative action in the 19th century were firmly planted in colonial and post-revolutionary trends. Salmon's findings represent a significant and welcome body of analysis augmenting our growing knowledge of the history of married women's property law. Benefitting from and building upon research by such scholars as Norma Basch, Suzanne Lebsock, Lee Holcombe, Peggy Rabkin, Mary Beard, and Richard Chused,' Salmon has focused upon women's property law between 1750 and 1830, a period somewhat earlier than that which most other scholars have examined. While Basch, Holcombe, Rabkin and Chused have all focused on the genesis and impact of 19th-century legislative reform, Salmon has examined statutory enactments, common law and equitable rulings predating the waves of married women's property legislation. Her important findings place her very much in sympathy with the analysis historians have made of 19th-century married women's property reform. Indeed she finds extensive evidence that the reform trends exemplified by the widespread passage of legislation post-1830 represented the culmination of a long evolutionary process.

Ephemeral Rome - Mary Beard, Michael Crawford: Rome in the Late Republic. Problems and Interpretations. Pp. ix + 106. London: Duckworth, 1985. £15 (paper, £5.95).

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The Puritans' "Errand into the Wilderness" Reconsidered

IN his 1952 essay Errand into the Wilderness Perry Miller single-handedly fashioned the thesis that the founders of Massachusetts were an organized task force bent upon a world-saving mission. They had voyaged to America to create a model of Christian reformation which all England and Europe were to imitate.1 Before Miller's exposition, the idea of an exemplary Puritan mission was unknown. Early twentiethcentury accounts of the Great Migration by Edward Channing, Herbert Osgood, Charles M. Andrews, and Charles and Mary Beard betray no trace of the concept. It played no part in the work of Kenneth Murdock, Samuel Eliot Morison, Herbert W. Schneider, Thomas Jefferson Wertenbaker, or other puritanists at work around mid-century. The rapid adoption of the thesis by subsequent students of early America thus marks a notable watershed in recent scholarship. Yet, as Sacvan Bercovitch has observed, Miller's essay has become influential in the wrong way. Its eloquent argument has provoked passive acceptance rather than reexamination of the documentary basis.2 Because scholars seldom have understood the errand as Miller intended,

American Workers/Workers America: A Review of Recent Works by David Brody and James Green

The emerging historiography at the beginning of the twentieth century took it for granted that the future belonged to labor. Our preeminent materialist historian Frederick Jackson Turner believed that with the closing of the frontier, the nation's destiny had passed from farmers to workers and industrialists. Charles Beard was patron of workers' education in this country and at Ruskin College, while Mary Beard wrote valuable history of The American Labor Movement that depicted labor as a great social force akin to titanic forces in the natural world. She spoke for her generation in saying, Anything so fundamental, so impressive, so fraught with possibilities for the future surely deserves an intensive study by those outside the labor movement as well as by those who work within it.l Her own volume was based on the intensive study by John Commons and his associates in the Bureau of Industrial Research. Commons' magificent Documen tary History and the exhaustive four volume History of Labor in the United States were monument to the centrality of labor in Progressive thought, as were works by Abbott, Brissenden, Hoxie, and others. Later generations returned again and again to this monument, most to honor, some to worship. And no one has yet come forth with structure of rival scope and influence. Now, however, the publication of books by David Brody and James Green on labor in the twentieth century gives some reason to believe the labor question is again moving to the forefront of our historical memory.2 It is not that Brody's Workers in Industrial America and Greens' World of the Worker proffer new grand synthesis. Brody himself has called attention to the absence of such synthesis in an essay prepared for the American Historical Association.3 Nor is it to disparage these books in any way to say they are not the latter-day equivalent of the Com mons project. They have no such pretension. Rather, they show that the study of working people is essential to understanding the main lines of twentieth-century American development, not just the collateral branch of labor history (important as that is). It is clear from their work that neither the distribution of power nor the lived experience of the American people as whole can be understood apart from the struggles and experiences of workers. Both authors treat American workers in their

Roman Inscriptions 1976–80

This survey of developments in Roman Epigraphy is innovatory in being the work of a team, whose range of interests should ensure the inclusion of a wider variety of texts than heretofore. We have all made some contribution, larger or smaller, to most sections, but, in the last resort, each section represents a personal choice by its writer. It may help the reader, therefore, to know that sections I and II are by Joyce Reynolds, III, VII, part of IX, and XI by Mary Beard, IV, V, VI and part of IX by Richard Duncan-Jones, and VIII and X by Charlotte Roueché.

Mary Beard as Force in History

Mary Beard as Force in History

The World Center for Women's Archives, 1935-1940

The concept of a World Center for Women's Archives was first presented to the historian Mary Beard' in 1935 by Rosika Schwimmer, a Hungarian feminist, writer, and refugee from the chaos of the First World War. In her proposal for a archive, she warned of a worldwide decline in women's economic, social, and political status and stressed the need to assemble the facts of women's struggle and achievements during the last century,-the documents, manuscripts, and correspondence of leaders of the feminist-pacifist movement. Schwimmer's proposal and a covering letter, reprinted here, were sent to a number of influential women and women's organizations on September 17, 1935. The letter, signed by Mary Beard, Kathryn McHale (president of the American Association of University Women), Mary Jobson, Lena Madesin Phillips, and Geline MacDonald Bow, asked for additional sponsors and announced a conference in New York in a month's time. It stated the dual purposes of the proposed center: to serve as a repository of women's individual and organizational struggles, inspiration, and achievement, and to form a vital educational plant in which the culture represented by the archives will receive the attention at present given in 'seats of higher learning' to the culture of men alone. The idea predates by thirty-five years the women's studies programs of today. The minutes of the first board meeting held a few months later outlined the plan for an archives and school. The board members spoke

Mary Beard: Feminist Educator

Mary Beard: Feminist Educator

Domesticating the Nineteenth-Century American City

In 1916, Mary Beard, the historian and progressive activist, advanced the thesis that women shared an equal role with men in directing the great social forces that determined the quality of life in cities. In a compendium ofWoman's Work in Municipalities, she demonstrated that every action supported by women's clubs and groups, ranging from improved wages and working conditions to vice control, was a part of an effort to make the city a viable environment for carrying on family life. In describing the process that led women to take an active role in sanitation reform Mary Beard wrote:Woman's historic function having been along the line of cleanliness, her instinct when she looks forth from her own clean windows is toward public cleanliness. Her indoor battle has been against the dirt that blew in from outside, against the dust and ashes of the streets, and the particles of germladen matter carried in from neglected refuse piles. Ultimately she begins to take an interest in that portion of municipal dusting and sweeping assigned to men; namely street cleaning.

Benjamin Harrison and Hawaiian Annexation: A Reinterpretation

Research Article| August 01 1964 Benjamin Harrison and Hawaiian Annexation: A Reinterpretation George W. Baker,, Jr. George W. Baker,, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (1964) 33 (3): 295–309. https://doi.org/10.2307/3636837 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation George W. Baker,; Benjamin Harrison and Hawaiian Annexation: A Reinterpretation. Pacific Historical Review 1 August 1964; 33 (3): 295–309. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3636837 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1964 The Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Chancellorsville: Lee's Greatest Battle (review)

338civil war history papers. In aU eras, crimes are front-page stories and die police-blotter is duly recorded; yet, a community's life cannot be evoked or adequately formulated by a re-enactment of its night court. Most people live and die widiout serious involvement with the law, and wartime Richmond was no exception. Eight crimes in one night do not represent a city of 80,000 inhabitants who spent some fifteen hundred nights under wartime exigencies, with predominandy peaceful procedures in their daüy lives. The many distortions of emphasis in this work add up to a faUacious report, and Mr. Kimmel cannot be commended for the total product. In aU fairness, it must be said that some of the inaccuracies cannot be excused by any scholarly method. The autiior's emphasis on runaway slaves— again revealing a lack of proportion and perspective—should have been corrected by even a partial acquaintance with historical methodology. He should know, as any respectable historian knows, that a newspaper füe of Richmond, Chicago, Detroit, New York, or Berlin, in or out of times of war, is not in itself a conclusively reliable historical document. The resulting inaccuracies represent only sloppy work. If nothing else, and diere is notiiing else, Mr. Kimmel's book is a salutary example, in the current stampede toward publications on the Civü War, of the faüure—for publisher as weU as writer—attendant upon superficial work done for today's market. The Civü War book public is not easüy befooled or befuddled; it has a knowledge of its subject exceeding diat of any book-buying market in the world's history. Although this knowledge forms an automatic brake on the profits sought by opportunists, obviously the need is for some method of separating the volunteers from the bounty-hunters. Cltfford Dowdey Richmond, Virginia. ChancellorsviUe: Lee's Greatest Battle. By Edward J. Stackpole. (Harrisburg , Pennsylvania: The Stackpole Company. 1958. Pp. 384. $5.75.) this is the THTRD ?? a series of Civü War campaign and battle studies by Lieutenant General Edward J. Stackpole, retired veteran of the two world wars. In 1956 he published They Met at Gettysburg; in 1957 Drama on the Rappahannock: The Fredericksburg Campaign; and in 1958 die work now under review. Stackpole is a leading proponent of the recent trend toward die booklength rehearsing of individual Civü War campaigns and batties. But this pattern is not new, for it is actuaUy a revival of a fashion prevalent at the close of the last century and the beginning of this, when müitary men, often veterans of the 1861-65 conflict, produced simüar volumes. An example was the publication in 1910 of The Campaign of ChanceUorsville by Major John Bigelow, Jr., a huge, ponderous book that involved a staggering amount of research in printed memoirs, regimental histories, and contemporary accounts of the war years. Public disregard for battle studies soon set in and reached its nadir during Book Reviews339 the twenties and tiiirties, an attitude much a part of the pessimistic reaction toward die results and idealism of die first world war. Historians Charles and Mary Beard went so far during the twenties as to caU fighting relatively unimportant and to suggest diat nature, in quickly covering the fields of combat with grass, must have regarded it likewise. Once again die impact ofour day— a period of continuing cold war, with the müitary influence necessarily strong —is upon us, and so battle history is again stylish. Perhaps HoUywood and television have likewise contributed to the popularity of combat studies, not to mention increased amounts of leisure time and money to visit the innumerablenational and state park battlefields that dot die nation. Like most of die Civü War müitary studies now appearing, Stackpole's Chancellorsville contributes little that is new in fact or interpretation. This is not the author's purpose. As in his two previous volumes, he sets out to produce an uncluttered panorama of the strategy, tactics, events, and major participants of the campaign and battle. He does not attempt a basic research book. He assembles what he considers the primary facts, puts them to some degree of analysis...

The Postulates of Res Publica

NLY DREAMERS believe that there is a way out, wrote Oswald Spengler of the Western culture in 1932. Optimism is cowardice... . our path lies downward. 1 But even in the midst of depression Spengler's cry of doom was almost lost in the cacophony of triumph raised by the Western prophets of progress. The way was forever up, and though a few poignant specialists Charles Beard's term-might question the inevitability of the ascent or even which way was up their voices were few and unheard except on the radical fringes, geographically and philosophically speaking, of Western society. Not many of the apostles of the New Twentieth-Century Enlightenment might accept Herbert Spencer's rough view of social Darwinism as the proper route of advance, but even fewer questioned his dictum that Progress is not an accident but a necessity. Secure in their monopolistic possession of both the true faith and the technological instruments to make it effective, the peoples of the Western world thought still in terms of rebirth and renewal, not those of disaster and death. Especially in the United States the optimistic concept of eternal progress reigned. In concluding their sweeping review of The Rise of American Civilization in 1934 two years after Spengler's dire prophecy Charles and Mary Beard wrote:

Mary Beard: Humanist

Mary Beard: Humanist

Sugar and the Hawaiian Revolution

HISTORIANS of the Hawaiian revolution of January 17, 1893, have often concerned themselves with the controversial question of the role of in the revolution. Writers inclined toward the economic interpretation of history have explained the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani and the establishment of the provisional government in terms of the need of the planters to find relief from the depression which engulfed the islands with the passage of the McKinley Tariff in 1890. This act erased the preferential treatment of Hawaiian in the American market by admitting all foreign duty free and by granting domestic producers a bounty of two cents a pound. The effect upon Hawaii had been severe, as the price of dropped from one hundred to sixty dollars a ton. Thus, Scott Nearing and Joseph Freeman cite as the prime cause of the trouble in Hawaii. They claim that only annexation and the imposition of duty on competing could have sufficed to restore Hawaiian prosperity in the 'nineties and that heavy property damage was avoided by the revolution, sponsored by American business men, supported by United States diplomatic representatives, and bulwarked by the new tariff act of 1894.' Following in this tradition, Charles and Mary Beard write that it was mainly that precipitated the crisis. In support they point to the testimony of a sugar planter from the island of Lanai, who stated that the causes of the revolution were simply two cents a pound on sugar-to get some treaty or arrangement with America.2 Further investigation, however, reveals that this sugar planter was actually Fred H. Hayselden, a British stock raiser, whose total investments in the islands amounted to $200 worth of stock in the Mutual Telephone Company of Oahu. He had been sheriff in Lanai at the time of the revolution and

The Nurse in Public Health. Mary Beard

<i>The Nurse in Public Health</i>. Mary Beard

Book Review The Nurse in Public Health . By Mary Beard, R.N. Harper and Brothers, 1929. Price $3.50.

Book Review The Nurse in Public Health . By Mary Beard, R.N. Harper and Brothers, 1929. Price $3.50.

Mary Beard, A Short History of the American Labor Movement

Previous articleNext article FreeBook ReviewsMary Beard, A Short History of the American Labor MovementPDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 6, Number 4October 1921 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2713659 Views: 31 Journal History This article was published in The Journal of Negro History (1916-2001), which is continued by The Journal of African American History (2002-present). Copyright 1921, 1949, 1969 The Association for the Study of African American Life and HistoryPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

American citizenship. Charles A. and Mary Beard. New York: The Macmillan Co. $1.00

American citizenship. Charles A. and Mary Beard. New York: The Macmillan Co. $1.00

Prostitution in Europe. By Abraham Flexner. Introduction by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. New York: The Century Co. 1914

National Municipal ReviewVolume 3, Issue 3 p. 640-642 Book Review Prostitution in Europe. By Abraham Flexner. Introduction by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. New York: The Century Co. 1914 Mary Beard, Mary Beard New York CitySearch for more papers by this author Mary Beard, Mary Beard New York CitySearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1914 https://doi.org/10.1002/ncr.4110030323AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume3, Issue3July 1914Pages 640-642 RelatedInformation

Themis: A Study of the Social Origins of Greek Religion.

Drawing upon a range of disciplines including anthropology, classical studies, archaeology and psychology, Jane Ellen Harrison's seminal 1912 work Themis pieces together the origins of early Greek religion. Known as one of the founders of modern studies in Greek mythology, Harrison has been described by her biographer, Mary Beard, as 'Britain's first female professional 'career academic'. She is renowned as being one of the most intellectual women of her time, and the ideas espoused on Greek rituals and myths in Themis remain influential today. This revolutionary study traces Themis back through history, as a matriarchal tribal goddess. Addressing areas including magic, sacrifice and the origin of the Olympic games, Harrison applies archaeological discoveries to the interpretation of Greek religion. Including a detailed preface and explanatory notes, this revised second edition of 1927 is described by Harrison as 'addressed not so much to the specialist as to the thinker generally'.