Experiences Of Married Women Research Articles

Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study on the Experiences of Employment of Married North Korean Women Defectors Rearing Children

This study aimed to understand the experiences of married North Korean women's child-rearing, working lives, and their home and work environment in depth. This study adopted van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological method to qualitatively analyze data. The participants were 8 married North Korean women defectors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations from July 4 to August 20, 2018. Nine essential themes emerged: more personal challenges after overcoming a life-threatening crisis; hopes of firmly settling in this land; the wound from the north, which chased them here; a body that becomes stronger through hardship; being stuck in a past full of anxiety and pain; the present is full of hope; hope for the future; sense of alienation from coworkers that cannot be overcome; and sense of power to endure an exhausting work life. This study provided a broader understanding of the life and experiences of married women from North Korea. It highlights the need for nurses to recognize their importance in nursing care. The study also suggests that academic and practical approaches for nursing, and basic data for a nursing intervention for married women from North Korea be provided. The study findings can be used as a basis for preparing a national policy that will help North Korean defectors to find employment and gain stability.

A Narrative Inquiry on the Experiences of Married Women Majoring in Counseling at a Graduate School of Education

A Narrative Inquiry on the Experiences of Married Women Majoring in Counseling at a Graduate School of Education

Beliefs, Health-Seeking Practices, and Effects of Childlessness: The Experiences of Married Women

In a society which recognizes the significance of children, giving birth to a child completes womanhood and the family. Thus, being a mother is synonymous with being a woman. The failure, then to become a mother, constitutes not fully achieving the status of a woman. Relatively, the desire for motherhood is inevitable and almost universal. This qualitative study analyzed the beliefs, and experiences of married women focused on their childlessness, health-seeking practices, and effects. Data were gathered through in-depth interview. Results showed that childlessness typified an unanticipated condition among the childless women. Regardless of the current age, age at marriage, marital duration, educational attainment and income, the respondents disclosed that childlessness is a condition which can be treated, provided the woman is still young. Childless women with higher income would likely seek medical help. Length of marriage disclosed to have affected the childless women's recognition of their incapability to sire. Open communication coupled with trust, love, and understanding between couples would keep the marriage intact. Findings revealed that their self-esteem, marital relationship, relationship with relatives and friends were affected by the absence of children. Almost all of the respondents expressed that the communities they are into neither, in any way, bothered with their condition nor rejected them due to their childlessness.

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Spousal Violence: The Experience of Married Women in India

A growing body of research has documented that spousal violence has several adverse effects on the reproductive health of women. Using the dataset of the third National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) conducted in India in 2005–2006, the present study tries to find out the relationship between spousal violence and the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women. How prevailing gender norms act as underlying factors of women’s risk of STI has been discussed in this paper. Overall, 9.6 per cent women in India reported an STI/STI symptom in the year preceding the survey. After covariate adjustment it was found that, compared to the women who did not experience violence in 12 months before the survey, the chances of having an STI/STI symptom was twice higher for those who experienced only physical violence and three times higher for those who experienced both physical and sexual violence during that period. The findings of this study suggest that prevention of marital violence should be incorporated in the programmes that aim to reduce STIs among women.

Violence against Iranian women as a cultural taboo

Objective: Violence against women is a serious public health issue with negative effects, and it is a widespread problem. It affects the stability of the family. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of Iranian married women on violence against women. Study design: This qualitative research was carried out using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Participants and methods: We interviewed 11 married women to understand their experiences with regard to domestic violence against women. The seven-stage process of data analysis was used. Results: One constitutive pattern ‘violence against women as a cultural taboo’ and one associated theme, ‘Living in pain and torment’, were identified. Living in pain and torment also had two subcategories: living with fear and worry and living with sex inequality. Conclusion: The findings present a better understanding of the lived experiences of married women in Iran as regards violence against women. Nurses and other healthcare providers should be astute in identifying abused married women. They should evaluate the urgent physical, emotional, and sexual needs of these women.

Violence against women in South Asia: The need for the active engagement of the health sector

Intimate partner violence is pervasive in South Asia, yet married women's experiences regarding seeking help when faced with intimate partner violence and the health sector response remain largely unexplored. This commentary reviews the available published and unpublished literature and summarises what is known about the prevalence of marital violence against women and violence-related care-seeking experienced by women in this region. The commentary highlights that between one-fifth and one-half of married women are affected by violence perpetrated by their husband in South Asia, violence starts early in a marriage and the health consequences are wide ranging and long lasting. Yet, very few women seek support from the health sector, and the health system is not proactive in identifying and supporting women at risk. A greater commitment to making the health system responsive to women in distress is essential and should be undertaken with the same level of commitment given to prevention programmes.

Domestic Violence: Prevalence And Its Psycho-Social Impacts On Women In Pukhtoon Society

The women are affected by many forms of violence; most often inside the most secure environments i.e. of their own homes. Women are suffering in our societies due to socio-cultural values, misinterpretation of religious teachings, their subordinate status and lack of legal protection. The impacts of domestic violence go beyond the family and affect not only the victims but society as a whole. The basic purpose of this research was to know the views and experience of married women about psycho social impacts and forms of domestic violence on their status. Women crises center of District Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan was the universe of the study. The research sample was comprised of 30 married women. The data were collected through the interviews schedule and questionnaire with the subjects.

Denial of women's rights to contraception in southeastern Nigeria

ObjectiveTo evaluate the opinions and experiences of married women in southeastern Nigeria regarding their rights to contraception, in addition to the impact of the denial of women's contraceptive rights on unplanned pregnancy rate. MethodsA cross-sectional survey of women who registered for prenatal care at 2 federal tertiary healthcare facilities in southeastern Nigeria was conducted. Randomly selected samples of participants were interviewed via a structured, pretested questionnaire. ResultsIn total, 1204 women participated in the survey. Overall, 526 (43.7%) were unaware of their rights to contraception. Denial of contraceptive rights was reported by 522 (43.4%) women. In total, 174/317 (54.9%) women with unplanned pregnancies blamed denial of access to contraception for their pregnancies. Among the women who had used contraception previously, 61.9% reported that the decision to do so was taken by their spouse. Formal education seemed to increase women's level of awareness of their rights to contraception (P=0.001) but it did not influence the exercising of such rights. ConclusionA considerable proportion of women in southeastern Nigeria are being denied their rights to contraception, mainly owing to a culture of male dominance. There may be significant health implications for women with unplanned pregnancies arising from such denials.

Constructing a suburban identity: youth, femininity and modernity in late-Victorian Merseyside

Suburban growth was one of the main characteristics of late-nineteenth-century British towns, and a suburban lifestyle rapidly became the aspiration of a high proportion of urban dwellers. This paper explores the experience of one young woman growing up in a late-Victorian suburb, and assesses the ways in which she negotiated the structures of this emerging ‘modern’ environment, so as to construct her own identity and behaviour. Evidence is drawn from one very detailed diary covering the period 1884–1892, and attention is focused on three aspects of everyday life: public and social space; domestic routine; and friendships and relationships. The conventional view of middle-class suburban domesticity is challenged by evidence from this diary, which suggests that it was the public and social life of the suburb that was of particular importance to young women. While older married women's experiences were centred upon maintaining a respectable home, the provincial suburban environment offered to young single women considerable opportunities for independent mobility and action, which were restricted by relatively few familial constraints. The diarist did not fundamentally challenge the culture of middle-class suburbia, but instead was able to manipulate many social expectations to her own advantage. As a site of on-going development and malleable norms, late-nineteenth-century suburbia offered its young elite residents opportunities for a certain degree of social, cultural and spatial autonomy that was understood to be essential to the life of the nascent community.

A qualitative study of women in polygynous marriages

Polygyny, the practice of taking more than one wife at the same time is a common practice in several countries including Africa. This study, conducted in Ghana, West Africa, investigated married women's experiences in polygyny and their ways of coping. Using exploratory qualitative methodology, data were collected from 15 married women who consented to in-depth interviews. The study was conducted in the summer of 2005 with approval from an institutional review board and permission from community leaders from the study site. Three themes emerged from the study: infertility, co-wives' relationships and ways of coping. The findings indicated that infertility was the number one reason that women allowed for co-wives in their marriages because this was necessary to protect the marriage rather than divorce. Unhappiness, loneliness, sense of competition and jealousy, and lack of intimacy with the spouse were identified as disadvantages of polygyny. The perceived advantages of polygyny included sharing of house chores and child rearing. The women's ways of coping included the use of religion, faith and a strong sisterly bond formed with the co-wives. Though the majority of the women disapproved of polygyny unions, divorce was not an option. These findings have implications for nursing and policy-makers. Nurses can provide education and implement programmes that teach coping mechanisms and stress management. Policy-makers should be made aware of the implications of polygynous marriages on women's health and well-being. There is the need to conduct more research to investigate the effects of polygyny on women's mental health and the need to develop programmes to support women.

Patient–Provider Communication About Sexual Health Among Unmarried Middle-aged and Older Women

Although past studies have highlighted the importance of patient-provider communication about sexual health and intimate relationships (SHIR), much of the research has focused on young women's or married women's experiences when discussing SHIR with their providers. To describe experiences of unmarried, middle-aged and older women in communicating about SHIR with their health care providers. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 unmarried women aged 40-75 years. We compared the responses of 19 sexual minority (lesbian and bisexual) women and 21 heterosexual women. Women varied in their definitions of intimate relationships. Not all women thought providers should ask about SHIR unless questions were directly related to a health problem, and most were not satisfied with questions about SHIR on medical intake forms. However, the themes women considered to be important in communication about SHIR were remarkably consistent across subgroups (e.g. previously married or never married; sexual minority or heterosexual). Sexual minority women were more hesitant to share information about SHIR because they had had prior negative experiences when disclosing their sexual orientation or perceived that clinicians were not informed about relevant issues. Some women felt that providers should ask about SHIR only if questions relate to an associated health problem (e.g. sexually transmitted infection). When providers do ask questions about SHIR, they should do so in ways that can be answered by all women regardless of partnering status, and follow questions with non-judgmental discussions.

Inscribing Experience: An American Working Woman and an English Gentlewoman Encounter Jamaica's Slave Society, 1801-1805

N r o eyewitness account of Jamaican life and society in the early nineteenth century surpasses Maria Skinner Nugent's rich and detailed journal of her four-year residence there. Her much-cited diary is a standard reference for Jamaican and Caribbean history.1 Yet despite Nugent's prominence in the historical literature of the Caribbean, women's perspectives remain scarce. This deficiency is unfortunate because AngloAmerican married women's experiences as femes covert might have produced more sympathetic responses to the plight of slaves and sharper critiques of slave-owning society than accounts authored by men. Like enslaved men and women, free married women faced violence with little or no legal recourse. They too experienced denials of independence, mobility, property ownership, control of children, access to higher education, occupational choice, and suffrage, although differing in degrees of magnitude, consequence, or

STIGMA AND EVERYDAY RESISTANCE PRACTICES

Drawing on fieldwork and interviews from South India (Kerala), the author analyzes married women's experiences of stigma when they are childless and their everyday resistance practices. As stigma theory predicts, childless women deviate from the “ordinary and natural” life course and are deeply discredited, but contrary to Goffman's theory, South Indian women cannot “pass” or selectively disclose the “invisible” attribute, and they make serious attempts to destigmatize themselves. Social class and age mediate stigma and resistance processes: Poor village women of childbearing age are devalued in ways affluent and professional women avoid; differently situated women challenge dominant definitions and ideologies of family in distinctive ways. South Indian women are creating spaces for childless marriages within the gendered margins of families and culturally prevalent definitions of womanhood. The findings contribute to rethinking Western assumptions in Goffman's theory and suggest new directions for research on power and everyday resistance.

Schooling, fertility and the labour market experience of married women

A model of career path choice is constructed for a sample of women taken from the 1991 US National Household Education Survey. This allows for simultaneity and selection effects in the relationship between regime choice and earning. It is established that, inter alia, expected earnings have a significant impact on the career path and the hours of work chosen by American women. The role played by formal schooling and by childrearing in the determination of carrier path is highlighted, and implications are discussed.

Premarital Sexual Experience of Married Women in Kinshasa, Zaïre

Premarital Sexual Experience of Married Women in Kinshasa, Zaïre

Trends in Labor Force Participation of Spanish Women: An Interpretive Essay

This paper describes trends in labor force participation of Spanish women since 1900. Earnings-generating functions and logit participation models are estimated using a 1979 survey of married women. Estimates are shown to overpredict historical changes in labor force participation rates. A new specification of the participation model using average experience of married women as endogenous variable produces estimates that fit time-series data. These results suggest an increasing effect of education on participation, which confirms Schultz's hypothesis of increasing returns to various quality components of the labor force in modernizing economies.