Married People Research Articles

When Marriage Ends: Differences in Affluence and Poverty Among Older Adults in Israel

Studies show that the economic benefits of marriage carry over into old age and that widowhood and divorce have detrimental economic consequences, especially for women. This study asks how affluence and poverty are affected by the timing of widowhood and divorce and tests whether they operate in symmetry. The study draws on Israel’s annual Social Survey from multiple years (2013–2017), conducted by Israel’s Central Bureau of Statistics. The sample is limited to older individuals, aged 55+ (n = 4824 men, 5643 women). The findings show that married people are less likely to be poor than unmarried people, but they are not always more likely to be affluent. Widowed men and women, and divorced men are more likely to achieve affluence than continuously married couples. The explanation may be that, in the Israeli context, the widowed tend to inherit benefits accumulated by their late spouse, whereas the divorced tend to divide resources when the marriage dissolves. Women incur higher and longer-term penalties for their change in marital status than do men, so that previously married women tend to have higher rates of poverty and lower rates of affluence than previously married men. The findings show that affluence and poverty do not operate in symmetry and that affluence does not simply mirror poverty, especially among men. For example, early widowed and late divorced men have higher odds of both poverty and affluence than married men. These findings demonstrate that poverty and affluence operate differently and examining both leads to new insights.

An Investigation of Married Individuals' Relationship Maintenance Strategies in Terms of Gender and Gender Roles Attitudes

The aim of this study is to examine the behaviors of married individuals to maintain relationships according to their gender and gender role attitudes. The study group of the study consisted of 177 (52.8%) females and 158 males (%) aged between 24 and 50 (x̄=30.2), residing in İzmir, and having a relationship period of 2 to 20 years (x̄=5.9). 47.2), a total of 335 heterosexual married people. As data collection tools in the research, “Relationship Maintenance Strategies Scale”, “Gender Roles Attitude Scale” and “Personal Information Form” were used. Two-way MANOVA method was used in the analysis of the data. Findings from the two-way MANOVA analysis show that gender and gender roles have an impact on relationship maintenance behaviors. In this context, it has been determined that gender roles have a higher degree of influence than biological sex in maintaining relationships. According to the findings of the study, it was determined that female participants exhibited relationship-maintaining behaviors more frequently than male participants. In terms of gender roles attitude, It has been determined that the participants who have an egalitarian gender role attitude exhibit more frequent relationship maintenance behaviors than the participants who have traditional gender roles attitudes. As a result, gender and gender roles have a significant effect on relationship maintenance strategies.

Retracted: The Fertility Status of the Married People Living with HIV/AIDS in China.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/2938340.].

Gender inequalities in heat-related mortality in the Czech Republic

It is acknowledged that climate change exacerbates social inequalities, and women have been reported as more vulnerable to heat than men in many studies in Europe, including the Czech Republic. This study aimed at investigating the associations between daily temperature and mortality in the Czech Republic in the light of a sex and gender perspective, taking into account other factors such as age and marital status. Daily mean temperature and individual mortality data recorded during the five warmest months of the year (from May to September) over the period 1995–2019 were used to fit a quasi-Poisson regression model, which included a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to account for the delayed and non-linear effects of temperature on mortality. The heat-related mortality risks obtained in each population group were expressed in terms of risk at the 99th percentile of summer temperature relative to the minimum mortality temperature. Women were found generally more at risk to die because of heat than men, and the difference was larger among people over 85 years old. Risks among married people were lower than risks among single, divorced, and widowed people, while risks in divorced women were significantly higher than in divorced men. This is a novel finding which highlights the potential role of gender inequalities in heat-related mortality. Our study underlines the relevance of including a sex and gender dimension in the analysis of the impacts of heat on the population and advocates the development of gender-based adaptation policies to extreme heat.

Role of Demographics in Acculturation Stress Among Inter-caste Married Individuals

Acculturative stress is linked to an increase in mental health concerns, such as depression, anxiety, loneliness, and hopelessness. This study investigates the role of demographics in acculturation stress in inter-caste married people. In India, most of the communities did not openly state that an individual from other castes was not to be married, but that it deliberately encouraged marriages from the same castes to support society. However, due to the urbanization, globalization amongst Indian youth ready to marry other caste. This study investigates the role of demographics in acculturation stress amongst inter-caste married individuals. Seventy-four inter-caste married individuals were selected through purposive sampling, and the data were collected with the help of the Social, Attitudinal, Familial, and Environmental (SAFE) Acculturation stress scale developed by Mena, Padilla, and Maldonado (1987). The results revealed that there is significant difference in acculturation stress amongst inter-caste married individuals based on duration of the marriage and income of the family. There is no significant difference in acculturation stress based on gender, area of living, and types of family. It concluded that acculturation stress has an important role in the inter-caste marriage. The lack of support from family, friends, and society contributes to increased acculturation stress of inter-caste married individuals.

The Effect of Preferred Dye Color on Married People's Appearance Perception and Dye Satisfaction

As appearance is regarded as one of the individual's abilities and the importance of appearance is emphasized day by day, many people make various efforts such as plastic surgery or weight management. In the case of married people, negligence in appearance management has a negative effect on appearance perception and decreases self-esteem, causing personal stress. In the age of super-aging, which goes beyond "well-being" to the concept of "well-aging," interest in skin aging and gray hair naturally continues, and it is important to understand how dyeing affects married customers. This study collected data from married people survey in Seoul to determine whether married people's dyeing color affects appearance recognition and dyeing satisfaction, confirming that married people's dyeing color can have a significant impact on appearance recognition and dyeing satisfaction. Hair beauty service workers help consumers consume effective beauty through marketing based on the results of these studies. In addition, it is possible to increase the satisfaction of married people's hair color choices and dyeing procedures through the use of coloring products that replace stimulating hair dyes and procedures suitable for individuals.

Perceived Styles of Parents on Alexithymia: The Mediating Role of Emotional Schemas in Married People with Migraine

Perceived Styles of Parents on Alexithymia: The Mediating Role of Emotional Schemas in Married People with Migraine

Determinants of forgiveness after experiencing infidelity in a marital relationship

Marital infidelity, of whatever kind, causes serious conflicts in the relationship between spouses. Forgiveness is recognised as an important element in improving the relationship between spouses. It aids the conflict resolution process and increases commitment to the relationship. The aim of this study was to determine the determinants of forgiveness of infidelity in married people. A total of 373 people (339 women, 34 men), aged between 22 and 64 years, were studied. The study was conducted electronically using: Marital Forgiveness Scale (MOFS, Paleari, Regalia, Fincham, 2009; Polish adaptation Brudek, Steuden, 2015), Positivity Orientation Scale (Positivity Scale, Caprara et al., 2012; Polish adaptation Laguna, Oleś, Filipiuk, 2011), TIPI-PL (Ten Item Personality Inventory, Polish adaptation Sorokowska, Słotwińska, Zbieg, Sorokowski, 2014) and a personal questionnaire.
 The correlational analyses conducted showed a positive relationship between relationship commitment, relationship fulfilment, positive orientation and emotional stability and forgiveness in the subjects. The higher the level of forgiveness, the higher the positive orientation. The relationship between personality traits and forgiveness in people experiencing betrayal was partially confirmed. A positive relationship was shown at a weak level between benevolence and agreeableness and a negative one with conscientiousness. Fulfilment and commitment were shown to be significant predictors of forgiveness. The relationship between commitment and forgiveness is moderated by the trait conscientiousness. The adopted pattern of variables explains respectively 17% of the variation in the results of the forgiveness variable.

Investigation the Quality of Sleep and Life of Industrial Workers with Rotating Shifts

Background and Objective: Sleep is a vital need for humans. Industrial workers are among the people who suffer from insomnia and sleep problems due to their rotating shifts. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and the quality of life of industrial workers with rotating shifts. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 234 industrial workers. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, a short form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation tests, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance in SPSS software (version 24). Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants was 31.6±5.7 years. The mean and standard deviation of WHOQOL-BREF and PSQI scores were 66.5±11.3 and 5.8±1.6, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between sleep quality and quality of life of the studied workers (r=-0.31 and P<0.001). Individuals in older age groups and more work experience had lower quality of sleep and quality of life. Moreover, females and married people experienced lower quality of sleep and quality of life, compared to males and single people, respectively. Conclusion: Insufficient sleep quality as an effective factor can decrease the quality of life of workers. Since delays in falling asleep and sleep disorders are mentioned as two factors affecting the sleep quality of workers in this research, managers and supervisors should make arrangements to optimize work shifts according to the circadian cycle with proper planning.

Financial burden by chronic disease and its associated factors among aged (60+) living in India: An Evidence from 75th‐National Sample Survey (NSS)

AbstractBackgroundSome or more chronic diseases are directly associated with standard of living, socioeconomic status, behavioural, economic support from friends/relatives and loan or monetary generated through the sales of household items/goods. However, financial stability plays an important role in handling the cost of care during hospitalization, transportation and non‐medical expenses, and to avoid further chronic conditions. These costs of care during hospitalization are key contributors among aged (60+) people living in India, especially for those who have no support from other family members or relatives. These monetary costs also vary across various social groups (castes). This study has done to understand the monetary burden due to chronic disease among aged (60+) and its associated factors in India.MethodThis study has utilized social consumption and health data from National Sample Survey, 75th round (2017‐18). The average expenditure per hospitalization case (in‐patient) due to chronic disease in aged (60+) were estimated. Generalised Linear regression modeling (GLRM) was done to understand effect of exposure variables (social group, education, household‐expenditure quintile, major source of finance, nature of treatment) on in‐patient expenses incurred on chronic disease.ResultThis study found that around 61 percent married older people were suffering from chronic morbidity in India. Around 43 percent illiterate older people suffered from any chronic diseases, which was the highest compared to highly educated elderly. The results confirm the significantly higher in‐patient expenses among the people having higher level of education [β = 1.26] compared to lower education. Also, the people belonging to Other backward caste bear significantly higher expenses compared to SC.ConclusionIndian aged (60+) are facing high out of pocket expenses on hospitalization due to chronic disease among. Such costs not only create financial problem but also may affect expenses on other health condition or diseases. Insurance coverage was found very weak in India, especially in rural part, and in people with low education level. Policy makers should focus on such schemes on priority basis to ensure active and health ageing in India.

Physical activity level and sedentary time determinants among Moroccan hypertensive patients

IntroductionHypertension is closely associated with an inactive lifestyle. Physical activity and/or exercise have been shown to delay the development of hypertension. This study aimed to assess the level of physical activity and sedentary time, and its determinants among Moroccan Hypertensive patients. Patients and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2019 including 680 hypertensive patients. We administered international physical activity questionnaire in face-to-face interview to assess the level of physical activity and sedentary time. ResultsThe results showed that only 43.4% of participants met recommended physical activity levels (≥ 600 MET min/week). Adherence to physical activity recommendations was observed more in male participants (p = 0.035), in participants aged less than 40 years (p = 0.040) and those aged between 41 and 50 years (p = 0.047). The average sedentary time was 37.19 ± 18.92 hours per week. This time was significantly longer in people aged 51 and over, in married, divorced, and widowed people, and in those with low levels of physical activity. ConclusionsThe level of physical inactivity and the sedentary time was high. In addition, participants with a high-level sedentary lifestyle had a low level of physical activity. Educational actions should be undertaken among this group of participants to prevent the risks associated with inactivity and sedentary behavior.

Determining the factors affecting attitudes towards family planning among university students

Background: Within the scope of reproductive health, family planning services play a key role in gender equality and empowerment of women. It is considered a human right to have access to these services. The literature has no study aimed at determining the impact of sociodemographic characteristics and gender roles of young people on their family planning attitudes. In Turkiye where the impacts of the patriarchal structure continue to be seen, studies on family planning are only conducted with married people or women. Methods: The sample of the descriptive correlational study comprised 1288 students receiving education in undergraduate programs in a university in Turkiye. In collection of the study data, the researchers used the Student Identification Form, the Gender Roles Attitude Scale and the Family Planning Attitude Scale. In order to determine the independent factors affecting attitudes towards family planning among the students, the researchers created a linear regression model. Results: Examining the Beta coefficient of the regression model used, the gender, faculty and grade of the students and their gender roles scores affected their attitudes towards family planning in a positive direction (F=40.097, p<0.005). Ordering the degree of independent variables to affect the attitudes towards family planning in the regression model according to the Beta coefficient, the independent variable that most affected the attitudes towards family planning was gender roles attitude. Conclusions: The study revealed that the gender roles attitude affected the family planning attitude.

Knowledge of Antimicrobial Drugs among Outpatients in a Specialist Hospital in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.

Background: Globally antimicrobials are a key tool in our fight against infectious diseases. Antimicrobial knowledge entails being familiar with the many classes of antimicrobials available and the infections they can treat. Assessing the knowledge of Antimicrobial is necessary among patients  to avoid its misuse and development of antimicrobial resistance. It will aid in decision making and improving health seeking behaviour of patients.  This study seeks to assess the knowledge of antimicrobial drugs among patients in a specialist hospital in Abuja Muncipal Area council, FCT, Abuja. Methods: This was descriptive, cross-sectional study done in September, 2022  among clients attending outpatient clinic at a District Hospital Abuja's. it involved a sample size of  sample size 423 with 400 responding .  A multistage sampling technique was adopted for this study. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS 28 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) computer software (IBM SPSS Inc. 2021). The data was summarized using descriptive statistics which include the percentages, frequencies. Test of association was done using , the chi-square test (χ 2), and  p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State Results: One hundred and fifty respondents (37.5%) had good knowledge of antimicrobials, 141 (35.25%) had fair knowledge of antimicrobials, and 109 (27.25%) had poor knowledge (gave unsatisfactory answers to questions regarding knowledge about antimicrobials). Between male and female respondents. 22% of female respondents had good knowledge, 18.25% had fair knowledge  and 16.75% had poor knowledge. Of all the male respondents, 15.5% had good knowledge, 17% had fair knowledge and 10.5% had poor knowledge. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge of antimicrobials with Marital Status (χ² (2, N=400) = 54.92, p < 0.001)where more singles had poor knowledge of antimicrobial than married people, Education (χ² (2, N=400) = 87.16, p < 0.001), where more of those with tertiary education had good knowledge of antimicrobials than those with no education or only primary education.  and Age (χ² (2, N=400) = 56.84, p < 0.001) as more younger people (18 - 29 years ) had good knowledge of antimicrobials than older people (40- 59 years).Conclusion: Over a third of clients had good knowledge of antimicrobials, a third also had fair knowledge while about a  quarter had poor knowledge. The government and health care workers should support efforts towards improving the knowledge of communities on the basics of antimicrobials, in order to guide its use and improve antimicrobial stewardship.

The practice of informal marriages in the Muslim world: a comparative portrait

ABSTRACT Informal marriages have been on the rise in recent years in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia (MENASA) region. These unions are different from formal marriages in a number of ways. There are also many factors contributing to the growing popularity of such unions. Both men and women are delaying marriage; rates of formal marriage are declining; and rates of divorce are increasing. Because such unions are generally not registered, it has been difficult to document the growing popularity of this trend. In 2018, we used Facebook (FB) banner ads in seven Muslim-majority countries to survey the young computer-literate populations of Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, Palestine, Tunisia, and Turkey, as well as their respective diasporas, to better understand the nature of such unions. Our respondents, we hope, are a representative sample of younger people who are living or have lived in these nations, and who are using this social media site. Over 10,000 respondents provided us with information about their marital status. This paper examines the marital histories of those engaged in informal marriages, their sexual orientations, and the attitudes of formally and informally married respondents about informal marriage. Who engages in informal marriage and what do married people think of this marital form.

Trends in intentional and unintentional poisonings among older adults - A national register-based study in Sweden

BackgroundAmong older people intentional poisoning outnumber unintentional ones. While there are indications that time trends differ by poisoning intent, studies are scarce. We assessed how the annual prevalence of intentional and unintentional poisoning changed over time, overall and by demographic groups.MethodsWe conducted a national open cohort study of individuals aged 50–100 years, resident in Sweden during 2005–2016. Individuals were followed up in population-based registers for their demographic and health attributes from 2006–2016. Annual prevalence of hospitalization and death by poisoning intent (unintentional vs. intentional or undetermined; ICD-10 definitions) were compiled for the categories of four demographic attributes (age, sex, marital status, and birth cohort “baby boomers”). The time trends were assessed by multinomial logistic regression with year as an independent variable.ResultsThe annual overall prevalence of hospitalization and death by intentional poisonings consistently exceeded that of unintentional poisonings. There was a significant downward trend in intentional poisonings but not in unintentional ones. This difference in trends also applied when considering men and women separately, married and unmarried people, the young-old individuals (but not the older- or oldest-old ones), and the baby boomers and non-baby boomers. The largest demographic differences within intent were found between married and unmarried people, and the smallest one between men and women.ConclusionAs expected, the annual prevalence of intentional poisonings considerably exceed that of unintentional ones among Swedish older people. The recent trends reveal a significant reduction of intentional poisonings, consistent across a range of demographic attributes. The scope for action regarding this preventable cause of mortality and morbidity remains considerable.

Assessment of Nurses' Practices Towards Children with Diabetic ketoacidosis

Objective: To assess of nurses' Practices towards children with diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods: A descriptive study design was used to achieved the objectives of the study. The study was conducted in four government hospitals includes: Ibn AI-Atheer Teaching Hospital, Al-Khansaa Teaching Hospital, Mosul General Hospital and AL-Salam Teaching Hospital. The non-probability (purposive) sampling method was selected for the study comprised of (30) Nurses from the pediatric departments (ward, intensive care units) of Mosul hospitals. The data was analysis by descriptive statistics in SPSS version 24 by using frequency, percentage Results: The study showed that the 53% (16) of the nurses were aged range from 25 to 29 year in the study, The demographic information showed that the majority of the staffs in the study group were male 57% (17). Most of the participants are married people 70% (21), most of the them had a bachelor's degree 67% (20). In related to general year of experience the study found that most of nurses 63% (16) have (1-5) years of experience and finally the study found that 43% (13) of nurses have 1 year work duration in pediatric department. Conclusion: The researchers concluded that nurses' practices towards caring for patients with DKA were poor in all aspects, which increases the risk of disability and mortality among them. Keywords: Assessment, Practices , Diabetic ketoacidosis

Utilization and Effectiveness of a Message-Based Tobacco Cessation Program (mCessation) in the Chinese General Population: Longitudinal, Real-world Study.

Randomized controlled trials on text message interventions for smoking cessation have shown they are effective and recommended for tobacco control. However, the effectiveness in real-world settings is largely unknown, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to provide real-world evidence about the utilization and effectiveness of a message-based tobacco cessation program (mCessation) in China. From May 2021 to September 2022, 16,746 people from the general population participated in the mCessation program provided by the World Health Organization. All participants received text messages on smoking cessation via instant messaging for 6 months, and they were also required to report smoking status. We randomly selected 2500 participants and interviewed them by telephone to determine the 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate at 6 months. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze population characteristics and abstinence rate. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore risk factors for the abstinence rate. Among the 2500 participants, the mean age was 35 years, and most (2407/2500, 96.20%) were male. The prevalence of tobacco dependence and light degree of tobacco dependence were 85.70% (2142/2500) and 89.10% (2228/2500), respectively. For respondents (953/2500, 38.10%), the 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate at 6 months was 21.90% (209/953). Participants older than 40 years or with tobacco dependence had significantly higher abstinence rates than those who were younger than 30 years old (odds ratio [OR] 1.77, 95% CI 1.06-3.29) or without dependence (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.08-2.51), respectively. However, married people or heavily dependent smokers tended to find it more difficult to successfully quit smoking compared with unmarried people (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34-0.93) or lightly dependent smokers (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.02-0.98), respectively. In a real-world setting, mCessation China was generally acceptable to men and lightly dependent smokers, and it could help 1 in 5 smokers aged 18 years to 67 years quit smoking. However, strategies to increase awareness of young and married adults may improve implementation and abstinence rates.

Sexual Identities and the Role of Marriage in Social Movement Activism

Though marriage is seemingly attached to the private sphere and politics to the public sphere, marriage and politics operate as intertwined institutions. Political parties routinely pitch themselves as “the protector of family values” and getting married can shift a person’s political commitments. Studies generally agree that married people in different-sex marriages are more conservative than single or divorced individuals, but there is uncertainty as to whether same-sex marriages have the same political ramifications. This study examined data from the 2010–2102 American National Election Survey and found that sexual identity sometimes modifies the conservative elements of marriage (n = 3815). Same-sex marriages inspired greater participation in antiracist, queer, and feminist social movements while different-sex marriage showed an inverse relationship. Implications for how these findings require a rethinking of the marriage and politics are addressed as well.

A survey on the current status of cognition of birth safety among married HIV-infected people aged 18-45 years

Objective: To understand the current status of fertility safety cognition among married HIV-infected people aged 18-45 years and to provide evidence for fertility safety intervention in HIV-infected families. Methods: Six districts in Chongqing and Zigong City in Sichuan Province were selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted among married HIV-infected people aged 18-45 years who were followed up from November 2021 to April 2022 to collect their general demographic characteristics, histories of sex experience, fertility intention, and knowledge of birth safety. Unconditional logistic regression and Poisson regression were used to analyze the factors affecting the cognition of birth safety. Results: A total of 266 HIV-infected people were included in the study; 58.3% (155/266) were women, and 48.9% (130/266) had fertility desire. The cognition rate of knowledge of birth safety was 59.4% (158/266). The cognition rate of women's knowledge of birth safety was 2.14 (95%CI: 1.25-3.66) times that of men's. The cognition rate of knowledge of birth safety among HIV-infected persons with a high school education level or above was 1.88 (95%CI: 1.08-3.27) times that of those with a low education level. The cognition rate of knowledge of reproductive safety among HIV-infected people with fertility intention was 1.88 (95%CI: 1.10-3.22) times that of those without fertility intention. The cognition rate of knowledge of birth safety among HIV-infected persons who received AIDS knowledge promotion and education was 9.06 (95%CI: 2.46-33.32) times that of those who did not. The cognition rate of measures of birth safety was 5.3% (14/266). The Poisson regression analysis showed no significant difference in the cognition rate of specific measures among gender, age, education and other factors. Conclusions: HIV-infected people aged 18-45 years and married with a spouse have a low awareness of birth safety, and there are risks of HIV transmission between couples and mother-to-child in the family. Targeted birth safety education and intervention should be strengthened to reduce HIV transmission.

Factors Shaping the Reproductive Behavior of Young Families in Russia: Data Triangulation

The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that influence the reproductive behavior of young Russian families (heterosexual families consisting of two persons below the age of 35 with or without children). The analysis relies on the results of a mass questionnaire survey of young first-time married people (n = 893) conducted in 10 Russian regions in 2019–2020, in-depth interviews with young married people (n = 50) and an expert survey of managers and specialists working for social non-profits (n = 10), both conducted in 2021. Based on the data of the mass survey, we found that there are differences in the values of young families with children and without children. Moreover, young couples may choose to postpone childbearing not only for financial reasons but also because of their marital attitudes and reproductive strategies formed in the process of socialization. Marital behavior has a great influence on reproductive behavior. The differences in the respondents' attitudes to parenthood are determined by their gender roles, experience of having and raising children or absence of such experience. We found that state social support does not have a significant impact on the reproductive behavior of young families in Russia. Expert assessments show that the current measures of social support for young families do not cover all the needs of these families and that there is a perceived need for a more comprehensive assistance model.