Marriage In Turkey Research Articles

Marital Forgiveness Among Turkish Married Individuals: A Qualitative Study

This study aims to understand forgiveness among individuals in their marriages in Turkey. Semi-structured interviews with 13 married individuals were conducted. How people experienced and coped with an offense in their marriage was investigated. Thematic analysis revealed nine core themes: unforgiven offenses in marriage, forgiven offenses in marriage, barriers to forgiveness, facilitators of forgiveness, coping with offenses, motives behind forgiveness, the definition of forgiveness, impacts of offenses, and reflections of forgiveness. Individuals coped with offenses in three ways: avoidance, retaliation, and granting forgiveness. Apology, repairing attempts, and empathy were facilitators of forgiveness, whereas the severity of offenses was observed as barriers to forgiveness. The motives behind forgiveness were continuous marriage, good qualities of spouses, and personal well-being. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of forgiveness in marriage.

Comparative Study of Polygamy Marriage Regulations in Turkey, Russia, and Jordan: a Priority Fiqh Perspective

Polygamy marriage has been an ongoing worldwide debate. The regulation of polygamy marriage in Turkey, Russia, and Jordan faces challenges in addressing the complexity of social issues. This article aims to explore and evaluate the polygamy marriage regulation in these three countries, from a social and fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) priority perspective. The fiqh priority perspective emphasizes the common good and prioritizes long-term benefits. The article outlines diverse views on polygamy, including arguments supporting polygamy as a solution to specific social problems, as well as the complex social implications of polygamous practices. Furthermore, a comparative study of polygamous regulation in Turkey, Russia, and Jordan reveals differences in approaches to governing polygamy and how it affects societies within different social, cultural, and religious contexts. Through an analysis of social perspectives and fiqh priority, this article provides a deeper understanding of the regulation of polygamous marriage in Turkey, Russia, and Jordan, along with considerations that need to be taken into account in addressing this issue.

Hostile Sexism and Gender System Justification Predict Greater Support for Girl Child Marriage in Turkey

Hostile Sexism and Gender System Justification Predict Greater Support for Girl Child Marriage in Turkey

The effects of dyadic coping strategies and dyadic conflict resolution styles on postpartum depression of mothers in heterosexual marriages in Turkey.

The authors of this study aimed to determine the effects of coping strategies and conflict resolution styles on postpartum depression in heterosexual mothers in the postpartum period in Turkey. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 369 mothers with babies aged 1-12 months. The study was carried out between October 1, 2021, and December 1, 2021, in the pediatric outpatient clinic of the Medical Faculty Hospital of a province in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Seventy-four (20.1%) mothers had scores above the depression scale cu-off point (>13). Having problems in marriage, getting a low score on the spouse's self-perception scale of dyadic coping with stress, and having negative, nonsubmissive, and retreating conflict resolution styles were found to be important factors associated with postpartum depression (p < .05). The incidence of postpartum depression was found to be associated with having problems in the marriage, not having good dyadic coping strategies, and having negative conflict resolution styles.

POISSON REGRESSION AND APPLICATION TO MARRIAGE STATISTICS

Regresyon analizlerinde bağımlı değişkenler normal dağılım gösterebilmekle birlikte iki değere sahip olabilirler. Bağımlı değişkenlere ilişkin durumlar nicel veya nitel olarak ölçümlenmesiyle veri setleri oluşturulur. Söz konusu gruplar içerisinde yer alan verilerin değerlendirilmesi ve modellenmesi için çeşitli yöntemler bulunmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden birisi ise poisson regresyon modelidir. Araştırmada Türkiye’de gerçekleşen evlilik sayıları, ortalama evlilik yaşı ve bunlara etken unsurlar incelenmektedir. Bu bağlamda TÜİK’ten 2001-2010 yılları arasında Türkiye’de gerçekleşen evlilik verileri analiz edilmektedir. Verilerin analizinde evlilik sayısı bağımlı değişken olarak, yaş ve evliliğin gerçekleştiği yıllar ise bağımsız değişken olarak kabul edilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda 2001-2010 yılları arasında erkeklerde en çok evlilik sayısının gerçekleştiği yaş grubunun 25-29 yaş grubu olduğu, kadınlarda ise 20-24 yaş grubu olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Income Shocks, Bride Price and Child Marriage in Turkey

This paper investigates the impact of income shocks and bride price on early marriage in Turkey. Weather shocks provide an exogenous source of variation of household income through agricultural production. A decrease in rainfall observed over the 9 months period corresponding to the growing season is found to negatively affect both agricultural production and returns for the majority of crops and vegetables. Data on weather shocks are merged with individual and household level data from the Turkish Demographic and Health Surveys 1998 to 2013. The practice of bride-price, still vivid in many regions of the country, may provide incentives for parents to marry their daughter earlier, when faced with a negative income shock. In addition, marriages precipitated by negative income shocks may present specific features (endogamy, age and education difference between spouses). To study the role of payments to the bride's parents, we interact our measure of shocks with a province-level indicator of a high prevalence of bride-price. We find that girls living in provinces with a high practice of bride-price and exposed to a negative income shocks when aged 12-14 (resp. 12-17) have a 28% (resp. 20%) higher probability to be married before the age of 15 (resp. 18). Such women are also more likely to give birth to their first child before 18 and for those who married religiously first, the civil ceremony is delayed by 2 months on average. Our results suggest that girl marriage still participates to household strategies aimed at mitigating negative income shocks in contemporary Turkey.

Femicide and child marriages in Turkey

Femicide and child marriages in Turkey

Associated factors of legal child marriage in Turkey: pregnancy and below-average intelligence.

Turkish civil code permits child marriages at 16-17 years of age, but if a child is 16 years old judicial consent is needed. Before making a final decision on marriage consent, the judges refer these children to the doctor, and ask whether they are psychologically and physically ready for marriage. While the literature on child marriage in Turkey is rich, little is known about the underlying factors leading 16-year-old girls to request legal child marriage. This study examined the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of girls applying to the courts for judicial marriage consent. Hospital records of girls admitted to a hospital in the Istanbul province of Turkey between January 2015 and December 2018 for the assessment of their physical and mental readiness for marriage were scanned. Of the 122 girls admitted to hospital for this purpose, eight were excluded as they had incomplete data, leaving 114 participating girls. All girls were Turkish citizens and had been referred from the law courts. Being pregnant/having a child (54.4%), having had a religious (non-legal) marriage (49.1%) and having an intelligence score of less than 90 (91.2%) were common among the participants. Among those who had a religious marriage, 78.6% were pregnant/had a child at the time of evaluation and 32.1% reported that they were pregnant before their religious marriage took place. None of the participants reported being forced to marry, but many had run away from home to marry (33.3%). Among those running away to marry, the major reason for deciding to do this was being pregnant (63.2%). Running away from home to marry was found to be related to lower parental educational levels (p<0.05). Contrary to the literature, the findings indicate that girls who request judicial consent for legal child marriage in Turkey are not being forced to marry. However, lower educational level seems to be an important factor. Below-average intelligence of the girl and her parents, running away from home to marry and early unsafe sexual intercourse, leading to child pregnancy, were found to be closely associated with legal child marriage in Turkey.

An Examination of Parents Views on Religious Education of Children were born in the Alevi-Sunni Marriages

Today, homogeneous family structures are increasingly being replaced by heterogeneous family structures formed by individuals from different beliefs, understandings, or cultures. One of such heterogeneous marriages in Turkey is Alevi - Sunni marriages, which are more common with the urbanization process. Although it is possible to say that Alevis and Sunnis who have married share common beliefs in many respects, it is also a fact that they have some religious understanding and cultural differences. It is necessary to investigate the effects of these differences on the religious development and education of the children born from these marriages. In this study, which was prepared as a master’s thesis at the Social Sciences Institute of Ondokuz Mayıs University in 2013, parental views on children’s religious education in such marriages were examined. The research aims to examine the views/attitudes of parents regarding the religious education of children born in such marriages. The research was structured in the phenomenology pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 32 spouses from 21 families residing in Malatya who had this type of marriage. The content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. Some of the important results of the research are as follows: While some of the interviewed couples consider religious education necessary with a holistic approach, emphasizing the belief, worship, and moral aspects of religion, others consider religious education necessary by considering only the moral dimension of religion. The majority of the interviewed spouses want their children to receive religious education so that they have the right knowledge about religion. Parents or experts are usually specified as to who should provide religious education. It is understood that the interviewed spouses did not talk to each other about the religious education of their children before they got married. The majority of the interviewed spouses consider themselves sufficient to answer questions about the religion their children lead. In the majority of the family environment of interviewed spouses, religious activities such as visiting to mosque or cemevi, attending to any religious rituals, and promoting reading religious books are not enough. It is understood that there is no any denominational pressure on children, and the wishes of the child to acquire religious knowledge are not turned down in the majority of family environments. Since children who grow up in such families may be directly or indirectly affected by different sectarian cultures, it would be beneficial to provide support to the candidates who will get married before marriage and their immediate environment to raise awareness about this situation.

Investigation of Factors Associated with the Child Marriage in Turkey

ABSTRACT Marriages under the age of 18 are considered early marriage cases. This situation is one of the many problems faced by women all over the world. This study aims to determine the individual and familial characteristics of children who are married at an early age. In this study, the forensic files in the Child Advocacy Center, a forensic unit for abused children are refer to, were retrospectively analyzed. After the screening, 440 cases who came to the center due to early marriage were detected. Then, the data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and chi-square tests In this study, the female gender, the dropout from school, the low socioeconomic level of the family and the presence of economic problems in the family, the education levels of the parents at primary and lower levels, parental marriage at an early age, the mother not having a job, and the fragmented family presence were the most prominent risk factors. In this context, preventive and rehabilitative studies could be conducted for individual and familial risk factors.

Institutional experience of newborn screening for inborn metabolism disorders by tandem MS in the Turkish population.

Background The tandem mass spectrometry method in the screening of congenital metabolic disorders is not included in routine national newborn screening programmes in Turkey. To evaluate the distribution of acylcarnitines and amino acid levels in normal newborns, establish acylcarnitine and amino acid cut-off levels and further preliminary results of inherited metabolic disorders inferentially in the Turkish population. Methods Newborn screening tests performed by tandem MS from 2016 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The study group included 17,066 newborns born in our hospitals located in various regions of Turkey. Blood samples were obtained from infants older than 24h of age. Among the 17,066 newborns, the metabolic screening data of 9,994 full-term newborns (>37weeks) were employed to obtain the percentile distribution of the normal population. The study group (17,066) was screened for 26 types of inborn error of metabolism. Results Our established cut-offs, were compared with the cut-offs determined by Region for Stork Study and Centers for Disease Control. Among the 26 screened disorders, a total of 12 cases (8 amino acid metabolism disorders, 1 urea cycle defect, 2 organic acidaemias and 1 fatty acid oxidation disorder) were identified. Conclusions Because of the high rate of consanguineous marriages in Turkey, the development of a nationwide screening panel is necessary for early detection and management of potentially treatable inherited metabolic disorders.

Mutational landscape of severe combined immunodeficiency patients from Turkey.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has a diverse genetic aetiology, where a clinical phenotype, caused by single and/or multiple gene variants, can give rise to multiple presentations. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has recently enabled rapid identification of the molecular aetiology of SCID, which is crucial for prognosis and treatment strategies. We sought to identify the genetic aetiology of various phenotypes of SCIDs and assessed both clinical and immunologic characteristics associated with gene variants. An amplicon-based targeted NGS panel, which contained 18 most common SCID-related genes, was contumely made to screen the patients (n=38) with typical SCID, atypical SCID or OMENN syndrome. Allelic segregations were confirmed for the detected gene variants within the families. In total, 24 disease-causing variants (17 known and 7 novel) were identified in 23 patients in 9 different SCID genes: RAG1 (n=5), RAG2 (n=2), ADA (n=3), DCLRE1C (n=2), NHEJ1 (n=2), CD3E (n=2), IL2RG (n=3), JAK3 (n=4) and IL7R (n=1). The overall success rate of our custom-made NGS panel was 60% (39.3% for NK+ SCID and 100% for NK- SCID). Incidence of autosomal-recessive inherited genes is more frequently found in our cohort than the previously reported populations probably due to the high consanguineous marriages in Turkey. In conclusion, the custom-made sequencing panel was able to identify and confirm the previously known and novel disease-causing variants with high accuracy.

The Unacceptable Spectre of Under-Aged Forced Marriage in Turkey

In many respects, Turkey is an exception among Muslim countries. Whilst being a secular democratic state, Turkey still struggles, however, with some remnants of its religious and socio-cultural heritage. The issue of forced marriage of children is one of those issues. Marriage is commonly defined as a union concluded by parties with their full and free consent. If consent is lacking, a forced marriage occurs. In the case of a forced marriage, consent is lacking because one of the prospective spouses does not give her/his consent freely, or sometimes because she/he is incapable of giving consent because of her/his age. As a founding member of the Council of Europe, Turkey not only ratified the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in 1954 and Protocol Nr. 1, but it has also ratified many of the core international documents on human rights and the rights of children, such as the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child, the U.N. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Nevertheless, the forced marriage of children is still a prevalent social problem in Turkey, and in the majority of cases, girls are the victims of such practices. This article examines the factors behind the forced marriage of children in Turkey, while exploring the current legal background and Turkey’s international legal commitments to fight against such practices. Finally, the article suggests the reinforcement of available legal remedies in order to prevent the forced marriage of children

Growing Up Married (2016): representing forced marriage on screen

ABSTRACTAccording to the UNICEF report entitled ‘Ending Child Marriage: Progress and Prospects’ (2014), there are 700 million women who were married as children, and 280 million girls are at risk of becoming child brides. In Turkey, according to the reports written by feminist organisations 1 in 3 marriages there is a child. These figures are alarming and signal the need for further and urgent research in the field. In 2016 I made my first ever film entitled Growing Up Married. The film explores what happens after child marriage by focusing on the stories of four women from Turkey and making their experiences visible and audible, in an attempt to contribute to and advance debates around this significant, complex and emotionally charged human rights issue which has often been discursively silenced. Working on a documentary film on forced marriage in Turkey poses challenges to me as a UK-trained and based academic, who focuses on theories around feminism and media rather than filmmaking practice. In this article, I critically reflect upon the process of making a documentary film, and theories around interviewing women to examine the tensions inherent within representing forced marriage on screen.

HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL GENE THERAPY FOR INHERITED MONOGENIC DISEASES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE GENE THERAPY TRIALS IN TURKEY

Stem cell therapy offers a great advantage for the development of new treatments in the field of regenerative and restorative medicine. However, the use of stem cell therapies and their clinical indications can even be further improved using genetic modification of the cells. Due to the high level of consanguineous marriages in Turkey, the country suffers from an increased frequency of inborn genetically inherited diseases. Treatment of these diseases is difficult, since 1) diagnosis is often delayed in rural areas, 2) distance to specialized centers may be considerable, 3) treatment may require frequent hospital visits and 4) treatment procedures are often both invasive and expensive. Here, we discuss the current status of gene therapy of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for rare, inherited monogenic diseases and the advantages to use these cells as an alternative treatment option for patients in Turkey. We discuss results of clinical trials using retroviral and lentiviral gene therapy for the treatment of immune deficiencies, hemoglobinopathies and several enzyme deficiencies, new developments in the field of the HSC gene therapy to improve safety and efficacy and recommendations for the future.

Methodological challenges of traditional and virtual anthropological fieldwork in migrant integration research: the case of Chinese-Hungarian interethnic partner relationships

The incidence of consanguineous marriage in Turkey is examined, with a focus on the impact of selected background variables. Data from the 1988 Fertility and Health Survey conducted by Hacettepe University are analyzed, and the results are compared with those from the 1983 survey in an attempt to determine how the rapid social change in the country during that period has affected the rate of consanguineous marriage. Factors considered include regional distribution, size of settlement place, birthplace, education, parental consanguinity, family-arranged marriage, age at first marriage, and payment of bride money.

A Social Dominance Theory Perspective on Attitudes Toward Girl Child Marriages in Turkey: The Legitimizing Role of Ambivalent Sexism

The girl child marriage practice (a forced marriage involving a young woman under age 18) is a serious problem in Turkey as it is in many developing countries. It is important to investigate the reasons behind individuals’ support for girl child marriages. The aim of the present study is to examine attitudes toward girl child marriages in Turkey within the perspective of social dominance theory (Sidanius and Pratto 1999). Namely, we investigate the relationship between social dominance orientation and attitudes toward girl child marriages. We also examine the mediating role of ambivalent sexism (both hostile and benevolent) in this association. Students (N = 388) from two universities in Ankara completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, the Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) Scale, and our Attitudes toward Girl Child Marriages Scale. Results indicate that men have more positive attitudes toward girl child marriages than women do. In addition, SDO predicts positive attitudes toward girl child marriages. Also, hostile, but not benevolent, sexism mediates the relationship between SDO and attitudes toward girl child marriages. The present study shows that those who endorse male dominance and gender inequality also have more positive attitudes toward girl child marriages. It also shows that these people draw on their hostile attitudes toward women in order to legitimize these kinds of marriages.

Child marriages in Turkey with different aspects

Child marriages are one of the most improtant reasons of gender inequality in the family in Turkey, as well as a widespread social problem we face is seen all over the world. This situation increases the need for child marriages to be viewed from a different dimension to the phenomenon and to reveal all aspects of this problem. The issue of child marriages are being addressed in the literature in recent years has been the subject of research in different disciplines, but most of the work is focused on a single dimension of child marriage or depending on the specific area it seems they are trying to identify child marriage. In current study, although carried to contribute to the debate on the concept of child marriage, legal issues, medical, economic, social and political dimensions are presented with an integrated approach. In present study, it has been found that child marriages are an important result of observed gender inequalities in social, political, and economic life and child marriages have been found to cause to continue the gender inequality on women’s lives. However, the cultural codes, values and inequalities, the deterioration of the family structure, social movements, and migration are seen to have an impact on child marriages. In this study, many suggestions are offered to solve the problem of child marriages such as ensuring gender equality in childhood, abandoning conditioning on gender roles, and increasing education level and the law enforcement.

PEDIATRIC CARDIOMYOPATHY MUTATIONS IN A HIGHLY CONSANGUINEOUS POPULATION

Pediatric-onset cardiomyopathy is more common in inbred and highly consanguineous populations that are enriched for familial and recessive disease. The genetic causes of pediatric cardiomyopathy remain poorly understood. Nearly one quarter of marriages in Turkey are consanguineous. Studying this

THE PREVALENCE OF CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES AND AFFECTING FACTORS IN TURKEY: A NATIONAL SURVEY.

This study was carried out by the Turkish Republic Ministry of Health to determine the prevalence of consanguineous marriage and its correlates with socio-demographic and obstetric risk factors in women in Turkey. The cross-sectional, national-level study was carried out from October to December 2013. The study population was composed of women between the ages of 15 and 65 years living in Turkey. The sample size was calculated as 9290 houses within Turkey's 81 provinces so as to improve the Turkish rural-urban expectations by means of systematic stack sampling according to the Turkish Statistical Institute's address-based vital statistics system. The target sample size was 6364, but only eligible 4913 women, who had been married, were included in the study. The consanguineous marriage frequency in the sample was found to be 18.5%, and of these 57.8% were first cousin marriages. Women living in an extended family and whose education level and first marriage ages were low, and whose perceived economic status was poor, had higher frequencies of consanguineous marriage (p<0.001). Consanguineous marriage frequencies were higher (p<0.001) for women who had spontaneous abortions and stillbirths or who had given birth to infants with a congenital abnormality. In this context, it is important to develop national policies and strategies to prevent consanguineous marriages in Turkey.