Relationship Education Research Articles

청소년의 관계형성역량 향상을 위한 가정과교육의 방향 탐색

The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of home economics education and provide specific implications to help adolescents develop relationship competency. For this purpose, the contents of Korea's character education and UK's relationships education curriculum were analyzed, and the results are as follows. Character education in Korea focused on character education values such as responsibility, respect, consideration, and communication throughout the public education system. These contents were largely consistent with the learning content elements for cultivating relationship-competency in home economics education. UK's relationships education at the primary and secondary levels were similar to that of home economics education in middle school in Korea in its goals and learning contents for understanding and maintaining healthy relationships. However, differences existed in areas of safe relationships, setting boundaries with others, comprehensiveness of sex education content, rights to refuse sex education, and education content based on equal rights. Based on these results, this study concludes that the concept of education on relationships needs to be defined, the composition of educational content should be systematically developed, and further research on the development of teaching and learning methods and learning programs that can elicit and internalize students' attitudes and changes is needed. In addition, insights were gained regarding additional educational contents and considerations to take into account.

Association of Social, Paternal and Maternal Factors with Intellectual Disability : A Case Control Study

Background: Pakistan has a high number of intellectually disabled people, who cannot learn and function at expected levels. The scarce research done here shows consanguinity, malnutrition, low socio-economic status, and maternal illiteracy to be risk factors. Objectives: To identify risk factors for Intellectual Disability in Pakistani children and to recommend preventive measures for parents and policymakers. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in Lahore, Pakistan from February to May 2022. The total sample size was 378 with 126 cases and 252 controls (ratio 1:2), aged 2-19 years. Parents were interviewed and data was entered into a structured questionnaire. Data was entered in SPSS 26 and analyzed. Results: Significant differences between cases and controls were observed for consanguinity (p=0.001), educational level (p=0.001), socioeconomic status of parents (p=0.001), and for paternal genetic and neurological factors (p=0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that a history of consanguinity (p=0.001) and low maternal education (p=0.001) had a significant effect on ID. Low socioeconomic status showed no significant association with ID, nor did breastfeeding. Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) showed that the risk of developing ID increases by a factor of 7.8 and 4.1 respectively for history of consanguinity and low maternal education. Conclusions: Consanguinity emerged as a major risk factor for intellectual disability. This should be discouraged by pre-marital counseling and health education.

Long-term impacts of a cash plus program on marriage, fertility, and education after six years in pastoralist Kenya: A cluster randomized trial

BackgroundPreventing early marriage by increasing girls education has shown promise. We assessed the effects of a two-year cash plus program on marriage and fertility in a pastoralist setting in Northeastern Kenya, six years after it began. MethodsA prospective 80-cluster randomized trial followed 2,147 girls 11–14 years old starting in 2015, re-interviewing 94.2% in 2021. Interventions included community dialogues (violence prevention), a conditional cash transfer (education), health and life skills training (health), and financial literacy (wealth creation). Villages were randomized to one of four study arms: (1) violence prevention only (V-only); (2) + education (VE); (3) + health (VEH); or (4) + wealth creation (VEHW). We used analysis of covariance to estimate intent-to-treat impacts of each study arm with an education component, as well as a pooled (weighted average) study arm combining VE, VEH and VEHW, in reference to V-only, four years after the intervention ended when girls were 17–20 years old. FindingsBase specification estimates show reductions in the primary outcomes, though none statistically significant in the full sample. Estimates with extended controls are larger and the pooled study arm had significantly lower marriage and pregnancy. There are considerably larger statistically significant effects for the baseline out-ofschool subsample. Pooled estimates indicate 18.2 percentage point lower marriage compared to V-only and 15.1 percentage point lower pregnancy. For the same group pooled estimates indicate a 27.9 percentage point increase in current enrollment (compared to 7.1% in V-only) and a 1.8 grades increase (compared to 1.2 in V-only). ConclusionThis study shows the potential for interventions in early adolescence with an education component to delay marriage and fertility into late adolescence and early adulthood in a marginalized and socially conservative setting with low education and high rates of child marriage.

Consanguineous marriages, premarital screening, and genetic testing: a survey among Saudi university students.

Marriage among cousins or close relatives, i.e., consanguinity, is prevalent in many parts of the world, especially the Muslim world. Across civilizations, cultural norms, religious beliefs, and economic factors affect consanguineous marriages (CMs); however, such marriages have social, genetic, and health repercussions. The present study investigated the university students' attitudes regarding CMs and factors influencing their attitudes at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted at KAU Jeddah in 2023. The questionnaire was distributed via electronic media (Emails, Facebook Messenger & WhatsApp). The convenience sampling technique was used to select participants, and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data on SPSS-26. A total of 1707 university students were part of the study (females, 1,198, 70.2%; males, 509, 29.8%). Almost half of the participants, 819 (48.0%), had parents with CMs. Most of the participants, 1,391 (81.5%), had CMs in the family. Half of the participants disagreed that parents consider marriage stable due to high compatibility and the same social relationship before and after marriage. About one-third of respondents said parents believe family marriage transmits cultural values and continuity and keeps wealth in the family. More than three-fourths of the participants stated that if marriage is arranged with first cousins, they will opt for genetic analysis (82.5%) and premarital counseling (85.2%). The personal attitudes of females (p < 0.001), undergraduate (p = 0.02), and health sciences students (p = 0.02) were more positive than their counterparts. Males (OR = 0.41; p < 0.001) and non-health sciences students (OR = 0.68; p = 0.01) were less likely to have significant positive attitudes than their counterparts. Among participants who had CM parents, males (OR = 0.397; p < 0.001) and non-health sciences students (OR = 0.60; p = 0.01) and urban residents (OR = 0.59; p = 0.01) had significantly lower odds of having a positive attitude than their counterparts. The practice of CMs is still prevalent in Saudi culture, with almost half of the participants having CM parents and the majority reporting these marriages in their families. Personal attitudes toward CMs were extremely positive. Most students prefer genetic testing and premarital counseling if marrying first cousins. Gender, faculty, parental income, and educational background influenced participants' attitudes.

‘It’s complicated’: young people’s views on the complexity of asking for consent and the role for sex and relationships education

ABSTRACT There is emerging evidence that young people have a good understanding of consent as a concept, but this does not align with real world practices. The perspectives of young people on the complexities of enacting consent are lacking, as are their views on the role of sex and relationships education. This study explored the topic of consent with 18 young people aged 14–20 years through interviews conducted in South Australia. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded, with four over-arching themes progressively developed through reflexive thematic analysis. Participants had a sound understanding of consent in the abstract and emphasised the importance of explicit verbal communication; however, consent was unlikely to reflect this in practice. In real-life, consent was embedded in social contexts replete with non-verbal cues, in which gendered sexual scripts dominated sexual interaction. Participants made recommendations for making formal sex and relationships education more relevant and useful.

Are You Ready to Marry? Describing Marital Readiness among Marriage Dispensation Applicants

Child marriage harms various aspects of children's growth and development as well as social impacts. However, conditions in society still show a high rate of child marriage. In Malang Regency, throughout 2022 the number of marriage dispensation applications reached 1,434 cases. This research aims to determine the marital readiness of children of marriage dispensation applicants at the Malang Regency Religious Court between January and December 2023. The sampling technique used was total sampling with the criteria of children of marriage dispensation applicants attending premarital counseling at the Pojok Konseling of the Malang Regency Religious Court. The instrument used were the Marriage Readiness Scale and interview. From 1009 respondents (15% men and 85% women), data was obtained that the marital readiness of the respondents was in the high category 27%, medium 27%, and low 46\%. This marital readiness assessment result is one of the bases for recommending judges to grant or reject requests for marriage dispensation.

Influence of Pre-Marital Counseling Targeting Self-Disclosure on Marital Satisfaction among Married Couples in Pentecostal Churches in Turbo Sub County, Kenya

In Pentecostal churches in Turbo, there are indicators that many couples lack affection to each other and this led to strained relationships resulting to separation or divorce. This could be a pointer to inadequacy in pre-marital counselling programmes. The aim of the paper was to examine the influence of pre-marital counseling on self-disclosure in promoting marital satisfaction among married couples. The study used cross-sectional survey design and targeted a total of 2446 respondents comprising of married couples and counsellors. A sample size of 332 couples and 5 counsellors participated in the study. Stratified and simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Validity of the instruments was determined by consulting research supervisors while reliability was determined through piloting and calculation of Cronbach Alpha. Frequencies, percentages, mean and Standard deviation were used to analyze quantitative data. Pearson Correlation analysis was employed to determine relationship that exists between the independent and dependent variables. Qualitative data were thematically classified and arranged before they were reported in narrations and quotations. The analyzed data were presented in tables and graphs. The study found that there was a significant correlation between premarital counseling targeting self-disclosure and marital satisfaction (r = .615; p = .000). The findings of this study would be used to create awareness among couples on how premarital counselling programmes offered to them can affect how they deal with financial issues, conflicts, and communication challenges and consequently their marital satisfaction

Pengetahuan dan Pendapat Mahasiswa Poltekkes Surabaya Tentang Kelainan Genetik dan Skrining Pra-Nikah

To ensure couples planning to get married understand the genetic risks related with their future offspring, they need to acquire information about genetic disorders and pre-marital genetic counselling that can be followed by genetic screening. Genetic disorders can be inherited from normal parents who are carriers of abnormal genes, such as thalassemia and Haemophilia. Genetic disorder also encompass chromosomal abnormalities, either the number or structure chromosome. Unlike numerical chromosomal abnormalities in offspring, which have an increased risk associated with the mother’s age during pregnancy, structural abnormalities in parents can be passed to their offspring. This community service activity targets seventh-semester students at Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, who are at an age ready for marriage. The implementation of this activity begins with a pre-test to assess the student ‘s knowledge before the education presentation, followed by presentation with interactive discussion and ended with post-test to determine whether the education was comprehensible to them. Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya students showed a better understanding of genetic disorder indicated with an average score increase of 8.2 points (9.2%) based on post test result . All students agree on the importance of pre-marital screening, with the majority willing to undergo premarital screening and still proceed with the marriage if their partner is a carrier of thalassemia.

Healthy couple, better sleep: Exploring connections and changes in couple relationship education participants.

Considerable evidence suggests couple relationship education (CRE) programs are effective in improving couples' relationship functioning, yet few studies have examined the implications of CRE programs on indicators of physical health despite substantial research supporting links between relational and physical health. This study utilized a sample of 308 couples randomly assigned to a CRE curriculum to explore the dyadic links between conflict management and self-care skills (emphasized in CRE), stress, and sleep dysfunction concurrently. We prospectively tested whether changes in skills drove changes in sleep dysfunction or vice versa, for both self and partner. Results from a series of structural equation models indicated indirect links for men and women between conflict management and self-care skills and sleep dysfunction through lower stress level at program start. Dyadically, men's and women's better conflict management skills were associated with partners' lower stress, which was in turn associated with partners' lower sleep dysfunction. Men's better self-care skills were linked with partners' lower stress levels, which were linked with partners' lower sleep dysfunction. Tests of dyadic prospective cross-lagged effects among changes in sleep and changes in skills indicated that initial improvements in both partners' sleep predicted improvements in their own conflict management skills 1 year later. Initial improvements in women's conflict management skills predicted reduced sleep dysfunction for themselves. Additionally, for both partners, early changes in self-care predicted later reductions in sleep dysfunction. Dyadically, immediate improvements in men's self-care predicted reduced sleep dysfunction for their partner a year later. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Queering Cisgender LGB+ Women’s Sexual Health Scripts

ABSTRACT The invisibility of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB+) women in sexual health research is of particular concern when it comes to understanding and supporting their sexual health practices. We conducted a qualitative secondary analysis of sexual health decision-making interviews among 22 LGB+ cisgender women who ranged in age from 20 to 26 (M = 23.1 years, SD = 1.8 years). Participants were mostly bisexual (n = 9), White (n = 13), and all reported at least some college education. Results showed that LGB+ women both reify and push against heteronormativity in their sexual partnerships. By queering definitions of “sex” beyond heterosexual intercourse, leaning into trust as a foundation of new sexual partnerships, and promoting accessible and realistic hygienic strategies for STI prevention, LGB+ women queer, or reimagine, new sexual scripts. These results highlight the need for relationship and sexual health scholars to direct focus toward the promotion of holistic sexual and relationship education and research which reflects LGB+ women’s various sexual desires, goals and needs. Understanding LGB+ women’s sexual scripts and health outcomes will ensure that this population continues to be validated and supported by clinicians, researchers, and educators.

Social-Demographic Predictors of Sexual Self-concept in Women on the Verge of Marriage: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: A satisfying and proper sexual relationship that meets the needs of both spouses plays a crucial role in the stability and longevity of the family. Sexual self-concept is one of the factors affecting women's sexual behavior and performance and can be changed throughout life. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the status of sexual self-concept and its socio-demographic predictors of women on the verge of marriage. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 women referring to premarital counseling centers in Tabriz, Iran. The data collection tool was the questionnaire of personal and social characteristics and Snell's Multidimensional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire. Pearson's correlation test, one-way analysis of variance, and multivariate linear regression test were used in data analysis with SPSS software version 24. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of the positive sexual self-concept score was 117 (0.20) from the obtainable score of 0 - 176, and the mean (standard deviation) of the negative sexual self-concept score was 16 (0.7) from the obtainable score of 4 - 38. Additionally, the mean (standard deviation) of the sexual self-concept score was 44 (0.9) from the range of the obtainable score of 0 - 72. The results of multivariate analysis with multivariate linear regression test and control of confounding variables showed that the husband’s age, education, and mother's education were the predictors of positive sexual self-concept. Moreover, age, father's education, and duration of previous acquaintance were reported as predictors of negative sexual self-concept, and age was observed as a predictor of situational sexual self-concept. Conclusions: The study's findings indicated that age, education, parents' education, and the duration of acquaintance with the future spouse could predict sexual self-concept in women approaching marriage without sexual abuse. Given that sexual self-concept evolves well before any sexual activity, policymakers can enhance women's sexual self-concept through interventions, such as psychological counseling with a focus on sexual health. This, in turn, can improve their overall well-being, ultimately supporting stable family foundations and successful childbearing in the future.

Exploring Family Adjustment Among Parents of a Child With a Disability Attending Relationship Education

Objective: The current exploratory study examined dyadic changes in family adjustment (i.e., parental stress, positive coping, family-based support, social support) reported by parents of a child with a disability after 12-hours of relationship education (RE). Background: Parents of a child with a disability encounter social barriers that contribute to parental stress and inhibit family well-being. RE reduced psychological and relationship distress in community samples—yet, ability status and the influence on a family's presenting needs/resources are overlooked in previous research. Methods: We extracted a subset of data to examine pre- and post-reports of family adjustment among couples parenting a child with a disability who completed the PREP curriculum. We used structural equation modeling to examine an actor–partner interdependence model for the dyadic association of mean-centered baseline subscale measures of family adjustment and residual change scores for men and women in a relationship post-RE intervention. Results: Actor effects were significant and predicted the amount of residual change for men and women. Significant partner effects existed for male social support and male and female family-based support. Conclusion: Results expand our understanding of RE effectiveness with an understudied subset of parents, those raising a child with a disability. Parents reported improvements in family adjustment and partners influenced one another in terms of family adjustment changes. Implications: Supportive parent programming, such as RE, may be an important consideration for families that include a child with a disability to address the social barriers that tax existing parent and family resources.

(085) Investigating the Relationship Between Experiences of Sexual Health Education and Sexual Health Outcomes

Abstract Introduction Young people (16–24-year-olds) experience the highest diagnosis rates of STIs. Lack of engagement, public awareness, lack of training, and long-standing, widespread stigma around STIs remain barriers to greater and more effective use of interventions such as sexual health education and other services. Whilst relationship and sexual health education (RSE) has been part of many school curriculums for generations, young people’s experiences of RSE can vary widely. Objective This research aims to provide insight into the experiences of sexual health education, sexual health behaviours and recommendations to improve engagement and sexual health outcomes amongst adolescents. Methods An online quantitative survey was conducted between June and July 2021 (n=5,457). 855 respondents were recruited from a market research panel (answering a 20-minute survey) and a further 4,602 respondents were recruited via public links (answering a cut-down survey). All respondents were living in the UK and aged 18+. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and adjusted to reflect the sample size of LGBTQ+ and heterosexual respondents. Results 90% of respondents received formal sex education, however, only 12% agreed sex education had a positive long-lasting effect on their sexual life. Reproductive biology, pregnancy, safe sex, and avoiding STIs were the core pillars of sex education, whilst different sexualities, pleasurable intimate relations, gender identity and trans-specific topics were covered less than 13% of the time. Although 90% of respondents declared they have a good understanding of sexual health risks, sexual health outcomes in this group were sub-optimal; safe sex was only consistently practiced by 43% of respondents and regular testing only carried out by 25% of respondents. Conclusions Whilst most participants reported receiving sexual health education, their experiences varied. Despite a high self-reported understanding of sexual health risks, sexual health outcomes were sub-optimal. This research highlights the potential beneficial effects of an exhaustive sexual health education on attitude, knowledge, and behaviours among adolescents to improve the long-term sexual health outcomes. Recommendations include designing programmes based on young people’s experiences of sexual education, reviewing current guidance and practices adding on key topics outside the main pillars of sexual education, increasing guidance and training for educational institutions and supporting RSE provisions in alliance with external educators and services. Disclosure Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Reckitt. Clarification: Industry initiated, executed and funded study. Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Reckitt.

Hearing the voices of Black Africans: Essential components for culturally relevant marriage enrichment programs in South Africa.

The literature on marriage supports teaching essential skills to enhance relationship quality and prevent divorce. However, limited marriage and relationship curricula tailored for African cultures, especially within the South African context, are currently available. This study aimed to redress gaps in literature and practice, outlining elements for inclusion into a marriage enrichment program (MEP) grounded on PREP 8.0 (Prevention and Relationship Education Program) and current baseline research conducted in South Africa. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was utilized, using face-to-face interviews with leaders and social services practitioners (SSPs) and a pilot study with couples, all sampled purposively. Findings show that (1) Black Africans are in high need of MEPs, revealed through intense gratitude and (2) a prerequisite for positive outcomes is the integration of equally necessary traditional contextual components with modern practices, elucidated by practical recommendations. A contextual and culturally relevant MEP is a systematic attempt to improve the functioning of marriage through education, effectively supporting Black Africans to cultivate healthy, stable family relationships.

Correlates of Sexual Behavior Across Fatherhood Status: Finding From the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 2016-2018.

Amid national trends in postponed parenthood and more diverse family structures, the fatherhood identity may be important to men's sexual behaviors. This study examined factors associated with reports of consistent contraceptive use and multiple sexual partners across fatherhood status. Using public data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), Wave V (2016-2018), two sexual behaviors were examined among 1,163 men aged 32 to 42 years. Outcomes were two binary indicators: consistent contraceptive use with partner and having multiple (≥2) sexual partners in the past year. Fatherhood status was categorized as nonfather, resident father, and nonresident father. Demographic (e.g., race/ethnicity, education, income, and relationship type) and health-related (e.g., drinking, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and insurance status) factors were considered. Logistic regression analysis produced odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals and were stratified by fatherhood categories. In the sample, 72% of men were resident fathers, 10% were nonresident fathers, and 18% were nonfathers; 28% reported consistent contraceptive use and 16% reported multiple sexual partners. For nonfathers, relationship type and race were associated with reporting multiple sexual partners. For resident fathers, relationship type was the crucial factor associated with consistent contraceptive use and reporting multiple sexual partners. In nonresident fathers, relationship type, education, and income were important factors to consistent contraceptive use and reporting multiple sexual partners. Key findings suggest that relationship type, income, and education are crucial factors to men's sexual behavior. Heterogeneous effects were observed across fatherhood status. This study adds to limited research on fatherhood and sexual behavior among men transitioning from young adulthood to middle age.

Many distressed couples seek community‐based relationship education but don't benefit from it

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this research was to characterize pretreatment relationship functioning among low‐income couples seeking community‐based relationship education (RE) and determine whether treatment outcomes differ based on this dimension.BackgroundRE programs were developed with the goal of preventing future deterioration among currently satisfied couples, but there is evidence to suggest that distressed couples are seeking community‐based RE to improve their relationship.MethodData were drawn from the Parents and Children Together study, a randomized controlled trial of RE with a sample of 1,595 low‐income couples. Relationship functioning was assessed pre‐randomization and at 12‐months post‐randomization. Latent class analysis was used to identify groups of couples with similar pretreatment functioning, and treatment effects were assessed within each group.ResultsFour classes of pretreatment relationship functioning emerged: Happy, Stable (44%), Moderately Distressed (39%), Highly Distressed Women (10%), and Highly Distressed Men (7%). Significant 12‐month treatment effects were found only for women in the Happy, Stable group.ConclusionA large number of distressed couples enroll in RE programs but do not benefit from the intervention.ImplicationsTo ensure that all couples receive an intervention that is effective for them, changes to the current delivery of community‐based RE programs is needed. Couples should be screened for their level of relationship functioning and assigned to an intervention that is appropriate for their needs. To accomplish this, RE curricula may need to be adapted to address the needs of distressed couples, or RE providers may need to partner with agencies delivering more intensive treatment (such as couple therapy).

A Group Randomized Controlled Trial of Relationships Under Construction Sexual Risk Avoidance Education.

We analyzed data from a study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Relationships Under Construction (RUC) sexual risk avoidance education program promoting positive youth development and healthy relationships. Twelve schools in the Midwestern region of the United States randomized to the intervention implemented RUC in health or science classes, while control schools collected study measures and implemented the standard curriculum. Post-randomization analyses revealed significant differences in grade, race/ethnicity, and prior relationship education at baseline between intervention and control students. Subsequent analyses controlled for these differences. We distributed parental notification letters to 641 students, and no parents requested that their adolescent opt out of data collection. We obtained assent and baseline computer-assisted survey interviews or paper-and-pencil instrument forms from 100% of these students. Findings suggest that RUC significantly reduced sexual activity (odds ratio = 0.56, p = .046) at 3-month follow-up, compared to those in the control group. RUC also reduced pornography viewing and improved attitudes about delayed gratification, beliefs, decision making, and negative outcome expectations. Our findings suggest that RUC improves sexual attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors among this population of adolescents. Additional research is needed to assess RUC impacts among diverse populations.

The MESP and the postmodern rustic ideology of the ultra-right

The theme of this essay is the relationship ideology and education, and as a concrete object of support for this relationship, makes a critical review about the Movement Without Party School (MESP). Created in 2004 by the lawyer Miguel Urbano Nagib, the MESP is presented on social networks as "a joint initiative of students and parents concerned with the degree of political-ideological contamination of Brazilian schools, at all levels: from basic to higher education". The movement was created against the background of the political situation in the country, when a center-left party had come to executive power. It develops the idea that although the Tabaréo leadership of the Movimento Escola Sem Partido (Movement School Without Party) emerges as the main disseminator of anti-intellectual irrationalism in the country, on the hegemonic political-ideological plane its presence is equivalent to the actions guided by the cynical moralism of theologians-businessmen, organic journalists and astrologers-gurus to present as absolute truths anti-scientific nonsense, such as creationism and earth moving, in social networks and in traditional media. He considers that the influence and ideological penetration in the society of both are smaller than that of the financial-rentist educational conglomerates like Lemann, Ayrton Senna, Abril, Pythagoras/Kroton/Cogma, among others.

Exploring Intervention with South Asian Women in the United States Experiencing Domestic Violence

ABSTRACT Purpose The current study reports intervention from the perspective of abused South Asian women in the United States (U.S.) aligning with the Center for Disease Control (CDC’s) ecological model. Material and Methods In-depth telephonic interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 20 South Asian women in the U.S. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Utilizing the CDC’s ecological model, the following themes emerged for prevention at the individual level: walk away the first-time abuse occurred; at the relationship level: pre-marital counseling and at the societal level: act on the red flags before the wedding, address the stringent gender roles, socialization, and blame. For protection, the following themes emerged at the individual level: self-determination and strength, protection of children, and financial independence. At the relationship level, the theme of marital counseling emerged and at the community level, the theme of community resources emerged. Discussion The South Asian natal family or family members in positions of power can recognize red flags, raise their voice, take constructive action to address misogyny, rigid patriarchal attitudes, and prevent abuse before it occurs. Conclusion There is an urgent need to recognize and work at both preventative and protective levels to address the abuse among South Asian women in the U.S.

Factors Associated with Perceived Insecurity in Burn Injuries: An Exploratory Study of Burn Survivors in Lahore

Burn injuries identified as a serious public health concern with high morbidity and mortality rate every year. Burn injuries are usually linked with heightened economic, social and psychological burden for causing functional impairments, social stigma, rejection and decreased social integration along with high morbidity of psychological disorders. Researchers have found various psychological phenomena impacting the recovery and effectiveness of rehabilitation of burn survivors including perceived insecurity in burn survivors. Objective: Present study was extracted from a larger study and aimed to explore the perceived insecurity of burn survivors seeking treatment in Lahore and to identify factors associated with it. Methods: The study followed a cross sectional research design to study 150 burn survivors with mean age of 36 years and including both men (39%) and women (61%). Results: The results revealed that female gender, single relationship status, age and education were significantly correlated with perception of insecurity in burn injury survivors. Gender and burn injury type were associated with significantly different levels of perceived insecurity in the present sample of burn survivors. The findings were discussed in light of broader research context. Conclusions: Demographic variables and type of burn injury relate differently with perceived insecurity among burn survivors.