Market Trends Research Articles

Analysis of Financial Performance for Tesla: Based on Comparison with General Motors, Ford, and Toyota

As a matter of fact, the emergence of electric cars and new state-of-the-art technologies is changing the face of the automobile industry. This study compares the financial performance of Tesla with that of Toyota, General as well as Ford. To be specific, the critical financial variables compared are revenue, profitability, and market share over five years: 20192023. According to the numbers, Tesla revenues increased by 18.8% yearly, from $24.58 billion in 2019 to $96.77 billion in 2023. However, also in this very regard, Tesla appears to have way higher volatility in profitability than rivals, showing net income that is highly variable. General Motors and Ford both showed slower growth but are accompanied by Toyota, which still indicates good free cash flow margins and less overall volatility in results. This report highlights top automakers' competitive dynamics and strategic positioning, which benefit industry stakeholders and investors. Indeed, with an understanding of these financial trajectories, one can make wise investment decisions and spot future market trends.

A STUDY ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR THROUGH ADVANCED MARKETING TOOLS

The article is devoted to the study of consumer behavior using modern marketing tools. The author proves that in today's dynamic digital world, where competition is fierce and market trends are constantly changing, it is crucial for business survival to have a comprehensive understanding of consumer behavior and be able to effectively manage it. This is due to fierce competition and constant changes in market trends. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the peculiarities of researching consumer behavior using modern marketing tools. This study explores the complex relationship between the use of innovative marketing strategies in the digital sphere and the regulation of consumer behavior. In an attempt to find out how businesses can effectively overcome the obstacles associated with the digital ecosystem, the research article uses both empirical data and theoretical foundations. Using the results of surveys, the author identifies the main marketing tools. The research results suggest that modern marketing tools have a significant impact on managing consumer behavior in the digital age.

Extreme co-movements between CO2 emission allowances and commodity markets and their response to economic policy uncertainty

This study employs the generalized extreme value - autoregressive conditional Fréchet - tail quotient correlation coefficient (GEV-AcF-TQCC) analytical framework to investigate the extreme co-movements between the EU carbon futures market and the commodity futures market. Subsequently, it also examines the response of the dynamic tail quotient correlation coefficient (TQCC) values to economic policy uncertainty stemming from the US using the linear Granger causality test. The empirical results demonstrate that the tail risk indices for both upside and downside trends of the two futures markets experience changes most of the time and show drastic changes during extreme events. More importantly, before the outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic (from September 2019 to February 2020) and the Russia-Ukraine conflict (from May 2021 to February 2022), the dynamic TQCC values for the downside trends of the two futures markets remain at relatively high levels. Of note, when examining the dynamic TQCC values between GSCI_down and EUA_down, as well as between GSCI_down and EUA_up, it can be observed that these TQCC values rise to higher levels during periods of extreme volatility. However, they quickly decline as the GSCI futures market experiences significant fluctuations during its downside trend. This pattern indicates a tail risk spillover effect from the GSCI futures market to the EUA futures market. Further analysis using the linear Granger causality test reveals that economic policy uncertainty is a significant driver of the extreme co-movements between the EU carbon and the commodity futures markets in most cases, in addition to the extreme co-movements between the downside trend of the EU carbon futures market and the upside trend of the commodity futures market. The insights gained from this study can provide valuable guidance and enlightenment for policymakers, financial investors, and academic researchers in understanding the dynamics of the extreme relationship between the two markets under discussion, and the impacts of economic policy uncertainty on their extreme co-movements.

Original Research Article Analyzing Price Behaviour and Constraints in Marketing of Small Onion in Tamil Nadu, India

This study examines market trends and seasonal patterns in small onion Markets in Tamil Nadu, while also investigating challenges faced by various stakeholders in the onion supply chain. The various analyses have made use of secondary data that has been gathered from different sources. The NHRDF office in Coimbatore, NHB website and AGMARKNET website are the sources of the monthly data on wholesale market prices and arrivals of small onions f markets of Dindigul, Chennai, Coimbatore and Idukki from 2014 to 2023. Primary data also obtained to fulfill the one of the research objectives by surveying the sample of respondents. Two districts were selected purposefully: Perambalur and Trichy districts, based on the top onion producing districts in Tamil Nadu. The sample size constitutes 180 respondents (80 farmers, 40 retailers, 20 wholesalers and 40 consumers) were randomly interviewed with help of pre structured interview schedule. Trend analysis revealed increasing price trends across all markets, with Idukki experiencing the highest rate of increase. Seasonal index analysis indicated that prices in Tamil Nadu markets are influenced by arrivals, with lower prices during peak arrival periods., while Idukki market in Kerala prices less influenced by arrivals. Farmers struggle primarily with high labor costs (78%) and high cost of fertilizers pesticides and machineries (68.7%), while consumers face problems with price fluctuations (68.8%) and quality concerns (68.6%), retailers face problems with lack of storage facilities (76.27%) and absence of facilities for grading (64.85%), and wholesalers struggle with financial risks (79.2%). The study's findings will aid policymakers to focus on improving market infrastructure, regulating intermediaries, and supporting farmers in managing costs. Leveraging existing labor schemes could help alleviate workforce shortages. Furthermore, customers would gain from initiatives to maintain price stability and raise quality standards.

ENHANCING MANAGERIAL DECISIONS: THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING PRACTICES AND E-COMMERCE IN MALANG'S MSMEs

<p><strong>Background</strong>: The ability of business actors to make decisions significantly affects the success of their business in the future. Most MSMEs believe that their business activities can continue to operate without the application of accounting. However, having accounting information is very useful for business actors in managing to formulate various decisions in each operational activity. In this digital era, the ability of business actors to follow market trends and utilize digital technologies such as e-commerce has a significant impact on the future success of MSMEs.</p><p><strong>Objective</strong>: This study aims to investigate the influence of accounting application on managerial decision-making and the application of e-commerce on managerial decision-making among MSMEs in Malang City, with a total of 29,058 MSMEs in Malang City.</p><p><strong>Research Method</strong>: The research method used is quantitative research, data collection using questionnaires, and the sample size is 40 respondents. The sampling method used is purposive sampling and the Roscoe method was used to determine the sample size.</p><p><strong>Research</strong><strong> Results: </strong>The research results based on the t-test show that the application of accounting has a positive influence on managerial decision-making among MSMEs in Malang City and the use of e- commerce has a positive influence on managerial decision-making among MSMEs in Malang City. The research results based on the F-test indicate that the application of accounting and the use of e-commerce have an influence on managerial decision-making among MSMEs in Malang City.</p><p><strong>Originality/Novelty of Research</strong><strong>:<em> </em></strong>This research is comprehensive examination of the synergistic impact of both accounting practices and e-commerce utilization on managerial decision-making within the context of MSMEs in Malang.<strong><em></em></strong></p>

CCUS Perspectives: Assessing Historical Contexts, Current Realities, and Future Prospects

CCUS technologies are crucial solutions for mitigating climate change by reducing CO2 emissions from industrial operations and energy sectors. This review critically examines the current state of CCUS technologies, and highlights advancements, challenges, regulatory frameworks, and future directions. It comprehensively analyzes carbon capture methods, such as pre-combustion, post-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion capture, while comparing their efficiencies and limitations. The review also explores carbon utilization techniques, such as direct and indirect utilization, emphasizing their potential applications and technological constraints. Additionally, it assesses various carbon storage methods, focusing on geological, ocean, and mineralization storage, and discusses their capacity, feasibility, and environmental implications. The study reviews the policy and regulatory frameworks, economic viability, market trends, and environmental sustainability of CCUS. By identifying research gaps and recommending future research priorities, this review aims to guide the development of more efficient/effective, and cost-effective CCUS technology, ensuring their role in a sustaining low-carbon future. This review provides a forward-looking perspective, a critical and interdisciplinary analysis that assesses the current state of CCUS technologies, and further provides a roadmap for future development.

Detection of N-desethyl etonitazene in a drug checking sample: Chemical analysis and pharmacological characterization of a recent member of the 2-benzylbenzimidazole “nitazene” class

The emergence of 2-benzylbenzimidazole “nitazene” opioids is stirring up the recreational synthetic opioid market. Many nitazene analogues act as potent agonists at the µ‑opioid receptor (MOR), as demonstrated in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Severe intoxication and overdose deaths associated with nitazene analogues are increasingly being reported. Nitazene opioids are classified as a public health threat, stressing the need for close monitoring of new developments on the recreational drug market. This study reports on the detection of N-desethyl etonitazene in a sample handed in by a recreational drug user at a Swiss drug checking service in August 2023. The person bought the sample through an internet source where it was stated to contain isotonitazene. Chemical analyses were conducted to characterize the sample, i.e. nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The sample was additionally investigated using two different in vitro MOR activation assays. NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to HRMS confirmed the presence of N-desethyl etonitazene at a high purity and in the absence of isotonitazene and etonitazene. N-Desethyl nitazene analogues have been detected before as metabolites of isotonitazene and etonitazene. However, as first seen with N-desethyl isotonitazene, they are now emerging as standalone drugs. The applied bioassays demonstrated increased efficacy and approximately 6–9-fold higher potency of N-desethyl etonitazene at MOR compared to fentanyl. N-Desethyl etonitazene showed EC50 values of 3.35 nM and 0.500 nM in the β-arrestin 2 recruitment and Aequoscreen® assays, respectively. The opioid activity present in the collected sample was additionally evaluated using the bioassays and showed good overlap with the reference standard, in line with the analytical purity assessment. This demonstrates the potential of these bioassays to provide a rapid opioid activity assessment of authentic samples. The emergence of other N-desethyl nitazene analogues must be considered during forensic and clinical toxicology casework, to avoid misclassification of intake of such analogues as metabolites. Finally, drug checking services enable the close monitoring of market developments and trends and are of great value for early warning and harm reduction purposes.

Quantifying seasonal market trends for tomato, pumpkin and cabbage in Guwahati (Assam, India)

The objective of the present study was to examine the seasonal and trend patterns in wholesale prices of tomato, pumpkin and cabbage over different seasons in Guwahati city, Assam. From time series and box plots, the study found that pumpkin prices are higher in November rather than lower prices during April or June. We find that cabbage is priced lowest from January to May and induces peaks in prices, rising the most in October. During January-April, tomato prices fall and reach a low point in April. From May onwards, the prices increase and peak in November. We performed the Mann-Kendal trend test, which showed no significant trend in the prices of all three perishable crops. It was proven that it is weakly loading and uniform across all years. Seasonal indices show a rise in the prices of pumpkins from May to October, cabbage from April to October and tomatoes from April to October reflecting their shorter shelf life and seasonal nature of these crops.

The Smartphone Revolution: A Systematic Review of its Impact on Consumer Behavior and Market Trends (2019-2024)

The Smartphone Revolution: A Systematic Review of its Impact on Consumer Behavior and Market Trends (2019-2024)

Experimental study on energy saving and thermal insulation of AAC walls and sandwich structures

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) materials are increasingly being recognized as an effective method of improving the thermal efficiency of buildings. This paper uses a bolted AAC sandwich wall with rock wool to measure the indoor temperature enhancement and energy savings achieved by applying AAC and autoclaved aerated concrete sandwich (AACS) to building surfaces without ventilation. In addition, the energy efficiency and insulation of sintered brick (S) walls, AAC walls, and AACS walls in three test rooms are discussed in the fall and winter seasons. The study showed that the average daytime room temperatures of the AAC and AACS walls were reduced by 9.11 % and 14.31 %, and the heat load levelling was reduced by 28.41 % and 46.76 % compared to the S walls. The study concluded that compared to the S wall, AAC and AACS walls were reduced by 0.64 W and 0.8 W, respectively, and CO2 emissions were reduced by 11.78 g/m2day and 14.69 g/m2day.Under the premise that the building life cycle is 50 years, the energy consumption of the building electricity bill is saved by 157.14 RMB/m2 and 195.84 RMB/m2 for AAC wall and AACS wall, respectively, compared with S wall. Therefore, AAC shows a growing trend in the building material market due to its low-carbon insulation, green energy saving, and policy support, and it should be promoted in the construction industry.

Corporate earnings, dividend payments, and stock price behavior of manufacturing firms listed in Nigeria

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of corporate earnings and dividend payments on the stock price behaviour of manufacturing firms in Nigeria between 2013 and 2022. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design, and deployed Generalised Method of Moments (sys-GMM) and Granger causality tests for the data analysis. The two-step system GMM is used to control for omitted variables such as bias, unobserved panel heterogeneity or heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation within panels or groups, endogeneity issues, and measurement errors in the data. Findings show that share price (SP) and its predictors yield valuable insights into the factors influencing stock valuation. Dividend per share (DPS) emerges as a significant positive predictor, suggesting a notable impact on share price. Firm size (FSZ) proves to be a statistically significant predictor, indicating that the size of a firm plays a role in influencing stock prices, with larger firms associated with a decrease in share price. Conversely, Earnings per Share (EPS) and Dividend Yield (DY3) do not exhibit statistical significance, suggesting limited predictive power in the model. By way of conclusion, the study provides an understanding of the factors influencing share price behavior within the Nigerian manufacturing sector and the positive impact of past performance, particularly lagged share prices, confirming the persistence of stock market trends. The practical implications of this study are that it underscores the understanding of financial dynamics in emerging economies, particularly in the context of manufacturing firms in Nigeria.

Exploring Digital Technologies for Addressing Risk Factors of Solitary Death in South Korea

South Korea has experienced rapid aging, and it is predicted that people aged 65 years or older will account for 20% of the total population by 2047. The proportion of one-person households is also increasing rapidly at the same time, and is expected to account for 37% of the total number of households by 2047. Such a demographic shift has led to more isolated households and social isolation, and consequently, to higher risks of solitary deaths. Central and local governments have implemented various measures, such as care services for the elderly living alone and regular checks on their status; however, there are limitations due to workforce and budget constraints. Therefore, it is necessary to explore innovative solutions that utilize digital technologies such as the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) as new low-cost, high-efficiency alternatives. Innovations in digital technology have the potential to suggest new solutions to the issue of solitary death. Advanced technologies can play an important role in maximizing the effectiveness of solitary death prevention, management, and the prevention of social isolation. Although there is a growing body of research on the development of digital technology-based care services for the elderly, these studies have primarily focused on the applicability and early implementation stages of specific technologies. These studies have limitations in fully understanding the market trends of technologies and competition patterns within the industry. Therefore, it is essential to investigate trends in the latest technologies and R&D directions in a particular technology field through patents filed to protect new technologies. This study is intended to contribute to an in-depth understanding of the current status and development direction of digital technologies for the prevention of solitary deaths, and to provide a basis for future technology development. This study also contributes to establishing government policies and R&D strategies.

Forecasting stock prices and market trends using historical data to aid investment decisions

Forecasting stock prices and market trends using historical data to aid investment decisions

Automation: Theory, Evidence, and Outlook

This article reviews the literature on automation and its impact on labor markets, wages, factor shares, and productivity. I first introduce the task model and explain why this framework offers a compelling way to think about recent labor market trends and the effects of automation technologies. The task model clarifies that automation technologies operate by substituting capital for labor in a widening range of tasks. This substitution reduces costs, creating a positive productivity effect, but it also reduces employment opportunities for workers displaced from automated tasks, creating a negative displacement effect. I survey the empirical literature and conclude that there is wide qualitative support for the implications of task models and the displacement effects of automation. I conclude by discussing shortcomings of the existing literature and avenues for future research.

Deep learning-based electricity price forecasting: Findings on price predictability and European electricity markets

Deep learning algorithms have transformed day-ahead electricity price predictions in recent years. This phenomenon has implications for price predictability and perceived risks, which in turn could impact investments. This study aims to unravel the impact of deep learning-based price forecasting (DPF) on price predictability and its correlation with price volatility. This has been done by examining 19 bidding zones across 11 European countries from January 2018 to June 2023. This timeframe captures the unique market dynamics influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and the Global Energy Crisis. This analysis has been enabled by the development of the Day-ahead European Electricity Price Forecasting Kit (Deepforkit), a forecasting tool developed in-house and open-sourced. Notably, Deepforkit offers a running speed at least 5 times faster than a previously suggested benchmark, enabling large-scale and multi-market analyses such as the one conducted in this study. It is quantitatively proven that if DPF is used, price volatility is just moderately correlated to unpredictability, and using it as a proxy for price unpredictability is not reliable. This is attributed to the capacity of DPFs to adjust their predictions in response to evolving market trends and patterns. This finding has an important implication on the investment risk perception and the cost of capital for new investments in the power sector. Moreover, the predictability behavior of prices is compared and contrasted in 3 markets, namely EPEX SPOT, OMIE, and Nord Pool, and across 11 European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Spain, and Switzerland).

THE MARKETING EFFECTIVENESS IN START-UP BUSINESS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW FROM 1973-2023

In today's rapidly evolving business environment, understanding dynamic marketing effectiveness is essential for startups. This study explores how flexible marketing strategies can adapt to technological advancements, shifting consumer behaviors, and global market changes. A systematic literature review of 740 scholarly articles identified 35 relevant studies. These articles address various facets of marketing effectiveness, including technology integration, strategic learning, social media use, and internationalization. The findings provide startups with practical guidance on enhancing marketing effectiveness by adopting innovative technologies and aligning with market trends. This study serves as a valuable resource for entrepreneurs and marketers, offering actionable insights into successful marketing strategies in a dynamic business landscape.

Digital Green Finance Architecture in the Context of Green Deal Implementation: Modern Fintech Tools and Solutions Under the Sustainable Development Concept

Objective: The purpose of the article is to develop a scientific and applied toolkit, which is a set of a logically informationally and algorithmically interconnected means of the information-analytical support of green financing within the Green Deal under the sustainable development concept. Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the Paris Climate Agreement, the European Green Agreement, and the concept of sustainable development. Method: To achieve the defined goal and solve the set tasks, a system of general scientific and special research methods was used. Results and Discussion: The author’s vision of the ecosystem model of the green financing is presented. The main trends of the global green bond market are identified; the parameters of the digital financing markets are estimated. The management decisions on accelerating the capital attraction and activation of green financing, ensuring the balance of the regional financing opportunities in the face of the global challenges are systematized. Research Implications: The important role of the state impact on the creation of the favourable conditions for the climate finance expansion by reducing the political, regulatory, control, macroeconomic and business risks has been established. It was established that the political stability, the consistent and clear regulatory framework, the agreed green financing policy and the openness to the international investors create the attractive conditions for the climate finance conditions. Originality/Value: Applying the author’s developments will create a basis for making the substantiated managerial decisions to the accelerated involvement of the capital in the green financing under the sustainable development concept.

Growth hacking business analytical tools for small and medium enterprises

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the growth hacking business analytical tools for small and medium enterprises to improve their business operations. The study analysed 11 prominent sectors, namely retail, e-commerce, travel, finance, telecom, healthcare, customer support, sales review, project management, insurance and manufacturing industries, to identify the critical challenges and propose solutions using predictive business analytics. The Triangulation approach has been employed through literature review, interview with SME startups incubated in IIT Madras Research Park and other SMEs in Chennai to provide an organized framework using an “Industry outlook Analysis” that suggest business analytical tools to overcome their challenges due to lack of resources. The study suggests that affordable predictive analytics can help SMEs overcome these challenges by providing insights into customer behaviour, operational efficiency and market trends. Overall, the study highlights the importance of data-driven decision-making tools that are available for SMEs to remain more competitive in the market environment.

An automated decision-making system employing complex networks and blockchain for the decentralized stock market

Stock markets are inherently complex, posing a challenge for investors who must analyze large amounts of data for strategic decision-making. This complexity, coupled with the centralized control and high transaction costs of traditional stock market systems, highlights the need for strategies that simplify analysis and promote informed, cost-effective investment choices. To address this issue, this work proposes real-time decision-making support for the stock market. The system leverages complex networks to enable a deeper understanding and analysis of intricate market trends and behaviors. It also integrates blockchain technology to decentralize traditional stock market infrastructures, reducing transaction costs and increasing transparency for user transactions and asset exchanges. Our system leverages complex networks to analyze multi-source marketplace data, operating on a cloud-computing infrastructure. This approach simplifies the analysis of intricate market dynamics. We evaluated our proof-of-concept prototype using real-world NASDAQ stock market data, demonstrating its ability to aid investor decision-making and enable decentralized transactions with minimal overhead.

Applying the analytic hierarchy process for investigating key indicators of responsible innovation in the Taiwan software service industry

This study explores the critical factors of responsible innovation in the Taiwan software service industry. Based on a literature review, four main dimensions have been identified as the key factors, namely, financial capital, capabilities, social capital, and reputational assets. A hierarchical structure is constructed using these factors, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to confirm the importance of factor weights. Questionnaires were distributed to various software companies and respondents from 35 companies. Analysis results indicate that reputational assets are highly valued, followed by social capital. The software server industry prioritizes these two indicators for responsible innovation development. Results highlight the importance of responsible innovation, assisting companies in understanding its significance and formulating strategies to enhance innovation capabilities, corporate governance, and alignment with environment and market trends. This study contributes to the evolving field of innovation management and offers valuable references for software service companies.