Marketing Of Non-timber Forest Products Research Articles

Economic Empowerment of Tribes through Marketing of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPS) in Alluri Seetharamaraju District, A.P

Tribal populations across the world rely on non-timber forest products (NTFPS) for their livelihoods, including food, fuel, fodder and litter. Organizations report that many rural people are dependent on forest resources, with around 80% of the developing world using NTFPs for their health and nutritional needs. NTFPs are also important for reducing poverty, conserving biodiversity and promoting economic growth in rural areas. In India, over 50 million people rely on NTFPS for income and subsistence, with NTFPS contributing to 50% of household livelihoods and income for 20-30% of the agency population, particularly for tribes. NTFPs form a significant source of income and food for many tribal communities, making up 70% of forest based export income and 50% of forest revenues in some countries. Tribal communities have a strong connection to the forest and depend on NTFPS for their cultural and socioeconomic needs. The main objective of the study was to measure the economic impact on marketing of NTFPs and understand the perception of the respondents who are engaged in collection and marketing. This is a descriptive study and it aimed to demonstrate the importance of NTFPS in the economy of forest dependent communities in ASR district of Andhra Pradesh. These strategies can help create more sustainable and equitable markets for NTFPs, benefiting both local communities and the wider economy.

Marketing of non-timber forest products as products from the Protected Forest Management Unit Batutegi, Lampung, Indonesia

Batutegi PFMU has much potential for NTFPs, which have been developed in coffee, palm sugar, and honey. The marketing of NTFPs needs attention because what often happens is inefficient marketing, so it doesn’t provide additional income for the community. This study aimed to identify marketing channels, functions, and efficiency based on marketing margins, farmers’ share, and profit-to-cost ratio. There are three marketing channels for coffee, two for palm sugar, and three for honey. The marketing functions performed by farmers, collectors, wholesalers, exporters, KUPS, cooperatives, and resellers are exchange, physical, and facilitation functions. Channel 1 palm sugar is an efficient marketing channel with a marketing margin of IDR 13,724.19 per kilogram, a farmer’s share of 100%, a profit ratio of 15.03, and marketing channel 1 honey with a marketing margin of IDR 224,112.70 per kilogram (Trigona honey), and IDR 124,494.35 per kilogram (Cerana and Dorsata honey), a farmer’s share of 100%, and profit ratio of 10.21 (Trigona honey) and 6.47 (Cerana and Dorsata honey).

Marketing of non-timber forest products in Nigeria: a case of Akure metropolis

Marketing of non-timber forest products in Nigeria: a case of Akure metropolis

Analysis of Stakeholders’ Interest and Influence in Non-Timber Forest Products Marketing: A Case Study in the Forest Management Unit Batutegi, Lampung

Stakeholders are involved in the management of the Forest Management Unit (FMU) Batutegi, including the marketing of non-timber forest products (NTFP). The performance of NTFP marketing in the FMU Batutegi currently has not provided optimal benefits, especially for forest farmers. Stakeholders have divergent interests and influence in NTFP marketing. The research aimed to analyze the interests and influence of each stakeholder and the relationship between stakeholders in the marketing of NTFP. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews. Interviews were conducted with informants and stakeholders. The scoring method was used in this study. Data and information were analyzed qualitatively. The study results showed that the marketing of NTFP in the FMU Batutegi involves 15 stakeholders. There are 11 parties with moderately high interest and 8 parties with moderately high influence. FMU Batutegi is the most responsible party or central actor in NTFP marketing because it has relationships with important stakeholders, has the most relationships, and can control the flow of information in the network. The method’s usefulness for understanding stakeholders’ position in NTFP marketing. The study result is expected to be utilized by policymakers to facilitate cooperation between stakeholders to achieve optimal NTFP marketing performance. Keywords: FMU Batutegi, marketing, non-timber forest products, stakeholders

Gender gaps in the collection and marketing of an underutilized plant species – Baobab in Malawi

Gender equality is viewed as both a means and an end in the achievement of development outcomes. Often, women derive their livelihoods from the collection and marketing of non-timber forest products, but very little is known about gender gaps in these chains. This paper assesses the magnitude and correlates of gender gaps in the collection and marketing of baobab, an underutilized plant species in Malawi, using a primary dataset from 864 baobab collectors. Exogenous switching treatment effect regression and multiple linear regression models were applied in the empirical analysis. We also disaggregate our analysis by the marital status of female baobab managers. Our results show gender gaps in the collection and marketing of baobab are attributable to observed and unobserved characteristics. Female baobab managers' and unmarried female managers' levels of baobab collected and marketed would be higher if they had the same level of observed characteristics as male baobab managers and married female managers, respectively. However, even if that were the case, results still indicate persistent gaps due to unobservable factors. Regression results show that household size, education level, and wealth index negatively correlate with the gender gap.

Perception of Tribals on Role of Institutions in Collection and Marketing of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs)

Aims: Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) form a significant source of livelihood for tribal communities living in the forest area. Various institutions have been established to help the forest-dependent communities (tribals) for collection and effective marketing of NTFPs collected by them. Study aimed to analyse the perception of tribals with respect to the role of various institutions in collection and marketing of NTFPs.
 Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in the Thrissur district of Kerala State. A sample of 50 tribals from Kadar tribe involved in NTFPs collection were selected randomly. The primary survey was conducted by administrating a semi- structured interview schedule during the month of February 2022.
 Methodology: Participatory technique was adopted in elucidcating the information from tribals. Venn diagrams was used to determine the role of institutions supporting NTFPs collectors at Vellikulangara, Thrissur district. Venn diagram provide a clear picture of number of institutions, their importance, and the effectiveness of rendering services to them. Seasonal calendar used for exhibiting the monthly collection details of NTFPs collected by Kadar tribe.
 Results: The study highlighted that the Kadar tribes considered Kerala Forest and Wild Life Department as most important institution. They play predominant role to improve in the livelihood of the Kadar tribe by procuring the NTFPs. They maintain good relationship with this department as they feel that service rendered by them is useful. The role of College of Forestry and Scheduled Tribes Development Department are limited to providing training and implementing various schemes of the government respectively.
 Conclusion: Kerala Forest and Wild Life Department, College of Forestry, Scheduled Tribes Development Department and Kerala State Development Corporation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes play various roles in collecting and marketing of NTFPs. However, timely and effective services of the institutions and effective implementation of the schemes will surely help to improve the livelihood of tribal communities.

Problems Faced by Tribals in Collection and Marketing of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Kerala, India

Aims: NTFPs play a key role in meeting the needs of tribal communities, especially in medicine, poverty reduction and livelihood improvement. For years tribals were involved in NTFPs collection, and it’s the main occupation for Kattunayakan tribes. Considering the importance of NTFPs, the present study focuses on analysing the problems faced by the tribals in Kerala while collecting and marketing NTFPs.
 Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in the Wayanad district of Kerala State A sample of 65 Kattunayakan tribes who have been involved in NTFPs collection for the last six years were selected randomly. The primary survey was conducted through a pre-tested structured questionnaire during February to April 2022.
 Methodology: Garrett’s ranking technique had been used to determine the most critical problem influencing the tribals in NTFPs collection and marketing. Garrett’s Ranking Technique provides a clear picture of the orders of problems into numerical scores. The advantage of this technique is that the problems are arranged based on their severity from the point of view of Kattunayakan tribes. Seasonal calendar used for exhibiting the collection details of NTFPs collected by Kattunayakan tribe by each month.
 Results: The study highlighted that the low price availability of NTFPs, negative interactions with wild animals no guidance and support from government officials for marketing of NTFPs, no training for value addition of NTFPs, and long distances to travel to the marketplace were the major problems encountered by the tribals while collection and marketing of NTFPs
 Conclusion: Low price availability of NTFPs, negative interactions with wild animals and inadequate availability of NTFPs in the forest were the major problems identified related to collection of NTFPs. Regarding marketing of NTFPs lack of guidance and support from government officials for marketing of NTFPs, no training for value addition of NTFPs, and long distances to travel to the marketplace were identified as the major problems by the tribals.

Marketing of non-timber forest products as a means of income generation in Oja-oba market, Iseyin local government area, Oyo State

Background: This study examined marketing of non-timber forest products as a means of income generation in Oja-Oba Market, Iseyin Local Government of Oyo State. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have been located to play an important position in family financial system and food security. Methods: In the present study, a simple random sampling was used to choose ninety-four respondents (25 % sampling depth) from 376 marketers that were identified. A total of seventy-eight responses were retrieved from the 94 questionnaires distributed. Data were analyzed using descriptive information and budgetary evaluation. Results: Most of the of respondents (51.4%) were the ages of 31 and 40 years old, female (51.3%), married (73.1%), had adult schooling (34.6%), have been farmers (60.3 %), had 11-20yrs experience (44.9%), and had been indigenous (69.2%). Many of the marketed NTFPs had been bush meat (73.1%), honey and bee wax (71.8%), fuel wood (60.3%), and Shea butter (60.3 %). The charges of NTFPs numerous at diverse tiers, for example, bush meat that sells for #2500.00 on the farm level is in the end offered at #6000.00 to very last purchasers. This also carried out to different NTFPs advertised in the place, indicating that NTFP marketing turned into a profitable enterprise in the study area. Profitability of the very best marketed NTFPs (bush meat) revealed an average gross margin of #34,040.00 and a net profit of #28,040.00, whilst the benefit cost Ratio was 2.53, indicating that for each # 2.00 invested in the business, there was a go back of 53kobo. Poor transportation (35.9%), a lack of storage facilities (23.1%), deforestation (12.8%), and price fluctuation are the various fundamental issues encountered (11.5%). Marketing NTFPs is a rewarding commercial enterprise which could assist improve rural livelihoods. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it was determined that the area was highly enriched with various varieties of NTFPs that serve the needs of the residents. It was recommended that Sustainable forest management of non-timber forest products should be implemented as a development strategy in the study area to ensure the continuous availability of non-timber forest products in the study area.

Potentials and Opportunities of Wild Edible Forest Fruits for Rural Household’s Economy in Arasbaran, Iran

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) contribute to local people’s livelihood in many regions around the world. This article investigates the types of NTFPs collected, processed, and traded in the Arasbaran region of Iran, the roles of these products in household economies, and the potential contribution to rural household economies through the collection, processing, and marketing of NTFPs. Data were collected using household and community surveys as well as through secondary sources on the role of NTFPs within Arasbaran forests in Iran. The main NTFPs harvested by local people were fruits. The fruits from 14 woody species, including trees and shrubs, were harvested by local people. The average share of forest-harvested fruit to household income was 27 percent. The mean annual income derived from the harvest and sale of sumac and reddish blackberry in the sample rural household incomes was USD 1822 and USD 142, respectively. In regard to processing efficiency, plum, cornelian cherry, and sumac exhibited the highest processing efficiency. Better policy support would be needed along the whole value chain, starting with the forest management plans, to include fruit species. In addition, measures to support processing facilities as well as to promote trade and marketing beyond the local area would be highly important to develop the potential of forest fruits and other NTFPs. Besides technical and financial support, measures should include regulatory revisions as well as information, training, and awareness raising.

Significance of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) to the Tribal Wealth of Ranchi District, Jharkhand

The indicated study scrutinizes the contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to the tribal wealth residing in the Angara and Namkum block of Ranchi district which was carried out in Jharkhand during 2021-22. By following multistage random sampling techniques 2 blocks were selected namely (Angara and Namkum) and among these blocks 4 villages were selected from each block with each village having 10 interviewees which lead to the collection of necessary data. The information was gathered through structured interviews, local market survey, and non-participant observation, and it was estimated using descriptive statistics such as frequency (f), percentage (%), mean, and range. This study also attempted to capture the Economics of average revenue generated during weekly markets via NTFPs. The crucial findings from the study were; Tribal people dependency on NTFPs for significant employment and income (50% >) via collection of NTFPs, Processing and value- addition. Men played a dominant role in marketing of NTFPs except in the collection of fuelwoods while women were dominant in processing and collection of NTFPs. The overall dependency of the tribals dwelling in the villages on NTFPs remains significantly larger. (60%) followed by daily wages (30%) and minimum in govt. sector work (10%). The marketing pattern of NTFPs in both the blocks was studied along with the sale price of various NTFPs in the local market. There are approximately 18-20 NTFPs which is widely found in the Namkum and Angara block of Ranchi which is marketed and contributes significantly in revenue generation and employment of the villagers.

A Study of Marketing of Non-Timber Forest Products in UT of Jammu and Kashmir

A Study of Marketing of Non-Timber Forest Products in UT of Jammu and Kashmir

Collection and Processing of Non-timber Forest Products in North Eastern Pakistan of Azad Jammu and Kashmir: An Empirical Study

Himalayan region has diversity of Non-Timber Forest Products and is considered as biodiversity hotspot. Current research is baseline study providing information on extraction and processing of Non-Timber Forest Products especially medicinal plants in North Eastern Pakistan of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. A total of 60 respondents (local collectors) were selected based on snowball sampling procedure. Results revealed that income generation remained the prime reason for collection of Non-Timber Forest Products in both regions and collectors have to travel up to 4-6km for collection. Most (i.e.,91%) of the respondents collected Non-Timber Forest Products for medicinal reasons in Bagh District whereas vegetable collection (i.e.,86%) is the prime reason for collection in Neelam valley. Non-Timber Forest Products are mostly collected manually during summer for 6-10 hours with frequency of 1-3 times in a season. It was also observed that most of the respondents in Bagh district opted for sun drying whereas sun and shade drying remained a preference of respondents in Neelam valley. It was concluded that a public-private partnership is inevitable for sustainable harvesting, processing and marketing of Non-Timber Forest Products in the region.

Importance of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in rural livelihood: A study in Patharia Hills Reserve Forest, northeast India

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are the forest products derived from both plants and animals whose tangible values are often made to evade reaching a nation's exchequer. Throughout the human history, these products are used by a variety of purposes like food, fodder, fiber traditional medicine, agricultural amenities, domestic materials, construction materials, and the likes. Many traditional beliefs and cultures are also associated with these products. The present study was carried out in Patharia Hills Reserve Forest (PHRF) of northeast India to understand the importance of NTFPs in the daily life of rural people living in the area adjacent to the reserve forest, the economic importance of NTFPs used by them and evaluate the lacunae of government strategies for their preservation. Markets were surveyed to identify the economically important NTFPs and ascertain their values in terms of local currency. 200 respondents were interviewed through a close-ended questionnaire prepared for this to detail the harvesting process and marketing of NTFPs. 14 economic important NTFPs were found in use by the fringe village people. These were variously used for farm products (40%), food (34%) etc. Among plants, herbs were dominantly used (64.28%) followed by shrub (14.28%) and trees (21.43%). Among the various plant parts, mostly the stem was used (50%), followed by leaves (15%) and fruits (14%). About one-fourth of the villagers were found to be dependent on NTFPs for sustaining livelihood to various degrees, out of which 18% were partially dependent, while another 6% were solely dependent on the forest produce. The study revealed that unsustainable harvesting of NTFPs from PHRF is the root cause of species decline and thus recommend that illegal and unsustainable way of harvesting NTFPs should be stopped, and sustainable harvesting economic importance NTFPs under government supervision is recommended to alleviate the poverty of the rural mass.

Contribution of Nontimber Forest Products to Rural Household Income in the Kassena-Nankana West District of Ghana

Abstract The contribution of income from nontimber forest products (NTFPs) to rural livelihoods and household income has received global recognition. However, there are growing concerns of overexploitation of NTFPs driven by poverty and policy neglect that threaten the sustainability of the NTFP resource base in Kassena-Nankana West District (KNWD) of Ghana. The study investigated the contribution of income from NTFPs to household income and socioeconomic factors that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs in KNWD. Using a multistage sampling technique, quantitative data were collected from 375 households through structured survey questionnaires. Qualitative data were gathered through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Results showed that income from NTFPs forms a significant part of household income with a contribution of 32.69 percent to household income. Regression analysis revealed sex of respondent (P = 0.057), household size (P = 0.046), agricultural land size (P = 0.000), NTFP retailers (P = 0.000), NTFP wholesalers (P = 0.000), and value-added NTFPs (P = 0.000) as significantly and positively correlated with income from NTFPs. Results further indicated that poor households depend primarily on NTFPs in order to achieve their subsistence and income needs compared to high-income households. This research recommends that stakeholders and policymakers consider the needs of forest-dependent communities in policy analysis on NTFP conservation measures. Also, the role of households, especially the low income (poor), in the management of forest resources should be spelled out since they depend primarily on NTFPs to meet their subsistence and income needs.

Analysis of the non-timber forest products market in the Brazilian Amazon

Analysis of the non-timber forest products market in the Brazilian Amazon

Non-timber Forest Products Governance for Improved Rural Livelihood in Nigeria

Despite the significant contributions of NTFPs to the livelihood of the people there is no clear policy directed at its exploitation in the country. It is considered as minor or secondary forest products. In addition the management of many NTFPs has been neglected over the years by foresters and economic planners. Hence NTFPs have not been developed. Its management has been restricted to the local people and urban poor. It is however important that if the contribution of NTFPs to rural livelihood is to be improved, then access to it and its exploitation needs to be properly understood. It is in view of this that this paper takes a look at the theoretical framework concerning Non- timber Forest Products (NTFPs) governance and its role in improving rural livelihood in Nigeria. It shows that NTFP governance has to do with the process of rule and decision making concerning production and marketing of NTFPs. It ensures equity of access and benefits obtainable from the exploitation of NTFPs. In doing this NTFPs governance help to promote sustainable forest management, protect forest resources from destructive use, promote communal peace, improves income earnings of rural dwellers and promotes increased rural well-being with the aim of helping to preserve the forest and by extension help to support rural livelihoods especially primary livelihoods like farming, hunting and fishing.

Socio-economic factors influencing marketing of non-timber forest products in tropical lowland rainforests of south-western Nigeria

A number of factors persist to constrain the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) market and, by extension, its potential to contribute meaningfully to livelihood development and poverty reduction objectives. To better utilise the potential of NTFPs, it is important to have a better understanding of the key factors governing the success and failure of NTFPs trade. This paper reports on the market constraints and socio-economic factors that influence trade in five top-priority NTFPs within the tropical lowland rainforests of south-west Nigeria. The NTFPs investigated were bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis), African walnut (Plukenetia conophora), chew-stick (Massularia acuminata), fever bark (Annickia chlorantha) and bush pepper (Piper guineense). Field data were collected in 10 villages located within and around Omo and Shasha forest reserves using a household questionnaire survey. The results showed that seasonality, poor transport, lack of storage facilities and market information were the four main constraints influencing marketing and trade in the NTFPs. In addition, the level of education, gender (sex), household income, ethnicity, distance to the market and access to roads significantly influenced market knowledge and information among households involved in the trade of NTFPs. There is need to improve on the limited source of NTFPs information, enhance skills for product transformation, build innovative storage facilities, and develop the process of domestication and integration in traditional land-use systems.

Market Participation of the Local People in Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria

Marketing systems for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have evolved over centuries and are culturally rooted in the traditional practices of local people. Relative to timber marketing, marketing of NTFPs has received little attention. This study assessed the NTFPs market participation behavior of people living in Omo Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 192 respondents using a multistage sampling procedure and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a Heckman model. The decision to participate in NTFPs marketing increases with being a female, larger households, greater number of males and females aged 15–64, higher dependency ratios, and being married. Conversely, it decreases with older collectors, higher educational attainment, engagement in farming activities, higher non-farm income, higher per capita land size and farther market distance. Level of market participation was found to be positively and significantly influenced by being married, income from NTFPs, membership of forest users’ association and forest conservation. It is negatively and significantly influenced by being a male, age, household size, education level, livelihood diversification, non-farm income, transportation cost, per capita land size and average market distance.

The Transition Away From Swidden Agriculture and Trends in Biomass Accumulation in Fallow Forests: Case Studies in the Southern Chin Hills of Myanmar

Swidden farmers are rapidly transitioning to other types of land use. This study was conducted in 2 villages (T village and P village) in southern Chin State, Myanmar. The number of swidden-cultivating households decreased by 50% in T village over 2003–2013, and varied over 2004–2013 in P village; 21% and 13% of the total population in T and P villages, respectively, have out-migrated for employment. In addition, the introduction of terrace farming, development of animal husbandry, marketing of non-timber forest products, and other activities that generate cash income have reduced dependency on swidden agriculture. Remittances from out-migrated family members also contribute significantly to household incomes. As a result, the area devoted to swidden agriculture has decreased. By establishing site-specific allometries and applying best-fit allometry coefficients, total aboveground biomass was estimated for both villages. Generally, the aboveground biomass increased with the age of the fallow. Out-migratio...

Gender analysis of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) collection, processing and marreting in rural enclaves of Omo biosphere, Nigeria

Millions of people, especially those living in rural areas in developing countries collect Non-Timber Forest products (NTFPs) daily. Women are known to play a prominent role in forestry and agricultural production in Nigeria despite not been captured as economically productive. This work looked into gender dimension associated with collection, processing and marketing of NTFPs in Omo biosphere reserve.Simple random sampling technique was used to select 10 villages within and around the reserve.12 household respondents were interviewed with the aid of structured questionnaires in the selected villages. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics and result presented inform of tables and chart.Finding showed the respondents are dominated by males (78.6%) while 90% are married, income earners with over ₦40000/month stood at 15%. It was found that apart from Theobroma cacao which is capital intensive to manage and require land ownership, there was virtually no NTFPs encountered that were not actively involved in by both sexes. Processing was found to be basically female based while collection is done by both sexes. Gender analysis of uses and benefit derived also indicated the involvement of both sexes. Much as women participated actively in collection, processing and marketing of these NTFPs, they should be given necessary opportunities to maximize their potentialsKeywords: Gender, NTFPs, collection, processing and marketing