Crop Marketing Research Articles

A VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF AGROFORESTRY PRODUCTS IN THE SOUTH-WESTERN REGION OF BANGLADESH

This study explores the market linkages in a typical agroforestry value chain in Bangladesh, particularly the participation of the micro and subsistence level farming and household-community units in this chain. The study area is Dumuria Upazila which is a 30 square km land area in the outskirt of Khulna which is the third largest city of Bangladesh located in the south-western region of Bangladesh. Agro-products produced in the Dumuria Upazila and then sold in the areas including Dumuria Bazar and Gollamari Bazar which are peri-urban locations of Khulna city. The particular objectives of this study were to identify different value chains of agroforestry products, the relationship of various intermediaries within it, and to explore the impact of agroforestry practices on the socioeconomic condition of the local population. The assessment was performed by using multistage sampling of 80 households using a semi-structured questionnaire, and 30 intermediaries were included on convenience basis for tracing the structure of market linkage and existing problems, in the marketing of agro-products in the study area. Explored network structures of the value chain have revealed that both the marketing of agroforestry crops and timber, include the intermediaries that have contributed to different forms of value-addition to the original product and produced higher gains for the participants in the value chain. Value chain participants in the point of origin of the products, farmers and households, reported being discriminated in terms of price taking while end-market intermediaries were found to absorb major shares of the total gain originated in the value chain. The farmers were neutral in terms of satisfaction in case of purchase by the government, while the intermediaries were dissatisfied with the same. Findings of this study contributes in generating understanding the process of value creation, power structure, and gain sharing in the localized natural resources-based value chains.

A Smart Greenhouse Production System Utilizes an IoT Technology

Food is an essential need for every living creature. Choosing the wrong food leads to serious problems e.g. indigestion, obesity, diabetes mellitus, stroke, including heart disease that causes death. To prevent those diseases from harming the body, people should be concerned about food consumption, for example by consuming organic food. Organic food is obtained by cultivating plants in a greenhouse to increase production, minimize risk, prevent disease, and be safer against environmental risk. However, some obstacles faced by farmers such as disease or pests, water supply, temperature, and so on. Based on some previous research, the problem is dominated by soil moisture since the farmer has to water all plants manually. It has affected crop yields directly. If this phenomenon is not handled properly, farmers are threatened with losses so organic farming becomes a catastrophe. Therefore, in this research, an IoT technology is proposed to increase soil moisture in real time. The proposed system is also equipped with a Web-based information system to expose the cultivation phase, and market crops, as well as a tool for buyers as interaction media through the feedback provided. In the end, the proposed system is adequate to increase the productivity of vegetable cultivation grown in a greenhouse. Based on some experiments that have been done, the proposed method is capable to work optimally and effectively meet user needs by 95.55%.

CHANGING GENDER ROLES IN AGRICULTURE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF HUNZA AND SUBURBAN AREAS OF LAHORE

The current study is a comparative analysis with an aim to explore the changing gender roles in the agricultural practices of Lahore and Hunza. The qualitative study design was used to conduct the study. Participants from Hunza and Suburban areas of Lahore were taken for the current research because Hunza is a far-off, less developed area where women are mainly responsible for agriculture and Lahore is a cosmopolitan city with all technological facilities. 12 participants, who were actively engaged with agriculture, with an equal number of men and women were taken from both geographical locations through purposive sampling. A semi-structured interview protocol was prepared keeping in view literature and personal observations, which consisted of 16 open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was the data analysis method. 7 major themes were extracted through analysis namely, Various agricultural tasks and gender roles, decision-making, marketing of crops and financial independence, Cultural Restrictions for Female Farmers, Challenges in Agricultural Activities, Technology and agriculture, and Gender-Oriented Agricultural programs. It was found that females from Hunza made independent decisions regarding crop selection, and new varieties of seed selection but females from suburban areas of Lahore did not find to be engaged at this level. Unlike the females from Lahore, Hunza women sold vegetables in their indigenous markets and had control over their income. Due to cultural restrictions, females from Lahore did not participate in different agricultural programs. Females and males from Hunza participated in agricultural programs due to their availability of time and desire. This research is a valuable contribution to fill in the existing gaps in the literature review and comparing the different roles males and females play in different agricultural activities in both geographical locations and the novel findings related to decision making etc.

The role of peer imitation in agricultural index insurance adoption: Findings from lab‐in‐the‐field experiments in Kyrgyzstan

AbstractFrequent climate shocks require farmers in developing countries to increase their resilience. Although index insurance is often discussed as a promising climate adaptation strategy, take‐up rates are still low. This study primarily explores the role of peer behavior as peer imitation in the demand for three marketable and unsubsidized crop index insurance options. Furthermore, the influence of trust and understanding is investigated. We collected data in lab‐in‐the‐field experiments among farmers in Kyrgyzstan, where index insurance is planned for imminent implementation. Applying ordered logit estimations, our results show significant and strong peer imitation effects. Imitation attitudes decrease with own insurance experience and received insurance payouts, but intensify with peer size, insurance trust and practical insurance understanding. While trust robustly increases index insurance adoption, understanding effects only gain significance in the dynamic perspective. These findings underline the importance of community‐based extension treatments and trust toward the uptake of innovative agricultural technologies in the first steps of dissemination.

Development and Evaluation of a Deep Learning Based System to Predict District-Level Maize Yields in Tanzania

Prediction of crop yields is very helpful in ensuring food security, planning harvest management (storage, transport, and labor), and performing market planning. However, in Tanzania, where a majority of the population depends on crop farming as a primary economic activity, the digital tools for predicting crop yields are not yet available, especially at the grass-roots level. In this study, we developed and evaluated Maize Yield Prediction System (MYPS) that uses a short message service (SMS) and the Web to allow rural farmers (via SMS on mobile phones) and government officials (via Web browsers) to predict district-level end-of-season maize yields in Tanzania. The system uses LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) deep learning models to forecast district-level season-end maize yields from remote sensing data (NDVI on the Terra MODIS satellite) and climate data [maximum temperature, minimum temperature, soil moisture, and precipitation (rainfall)]. The key findings reveal that our unimodal and bimodal deep learning models are very effective in predicting crop yields, achieving mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) scores of 3.656% and 6.648%, respectively, on test (unseen) data. This system will help rural farmers and the government in Tanzania make critical decisions to prevent hunger and plan better harvesting and marketing of crops.

The Costs of Soil Erosion to Crop Production in Canada between 1971 and 2015

Canada is known for its massive and fertile landscape, and one of the biggest industries in Canada is crop production, which is responsible for contributing to the national economy as well as the global food supply. Soil erosion is considered the top challenge facing Canadian farmers in the 21st century. This study aims to evaluate soil erosion’s impact on Canadian crop production, assessed based on the integration of soil erosion analysis and multitemporal crop market values from 1971 to 2015. Soil Erosion Risk Indicator models were used to assess soil erosion’s impact on crop productivity using the relationship of soil organic carbon with crop yield gain/loss. The total soil erosion cost of yield losses in the 44 years leading up to 2015 is estimated to be CAD 33.51 billion. 2013 was found to show the highest loss, with CAD 1.93 billion. Oilseeds, small grains, and potatoes were the major crop commodities that were impacted by yield loss as a direct result of soil erosion, the costs being 41%, 37%, and 15%, respectively. Ontario and Saskatchewan were the most impacted provinces, with costs of 45.25% and 22.50%, respectively. Four eras were detected in this research, each having unique soil erosion costs, which reflect different agriculture policy and soil conservation efforts: Era 1 (1971–1988), Era 2 (1989–1995), Era 3 (1996–2007), and Era 4 (2008–2015). This research is the beginning of exploring the cost of the environmental impacts on agriculture sustainability in Canada and supporting decision makers in adopting effective soil conservation strategies to mitigate these impacts.

Prediction of Crop Using SVM Algorithm

Abstract: Crop prediction is the process of forecasting the yield or production of crops for a given period, based on historical data, weather patterns, and other relevant factors. The prediction can be used to inform decisions regarding planting, harvesting, and marketing of crops. Machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques are increasingly being used to improve crop prediction accuracy. These techniques use algorithms to analyze large amounts of data, such as weather patterns, soil conditions, and crop history, to make predictions about future crop yields. Crop prediction models can be used by farmers, agribusinesses, and governments to optimize crop management, reduce waste, and maximize profits. Accurate crop prediction can also help to mitigate the impact of climate change on agricultural production by enabling farmers to adapt to changing weather patterns and other environmental factors

Theoretical founda-tions of the marketing concept of management and formation of a strategy for the development of the enterprise under conditions of sustainabi-lity

The article examined the essence of the marketing concept of enterprise development management, studied the theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of the marketing concept of enterprise development management, investigated the types of marketing concepts of enterprise development, and also analyzed the marketing tools used in the improvement of enterprise development management. It was established that the marketing activity of the enterprise should contribute to the acquisition of competitive advantages in conditions of instability and variability of the external environment. Therefore, undoubtedly, the effectiveness and efficiency of the development of the enterprise depends on the results of the marketing activity, which becomes one of the elements of the enterprise management system. During the research, the author characterized the concentration of agricultural crop market participants and presented the characteristics of their marketing concept. The role and place of the marketing concept in the management system is considered, and the principles of its application at enterprises are established. The peculiarities of the formation of the marketing concept of enterprise development management in modern conditions are considered. The interrelated components of the marketing concept of the enterprise development management process are defined. And based on the improvement of the management system, marketing concepts of the development of enterprises were formed, which are determined by many reasons; the goals of managing the marketing activities of the enterprise and its principles, structure and other elements of the marketing concept are reflected. The stages of the efficiency of functioning and development of the enterprise when using the marketing concept of management are defined. The elements of the marketing concept of business development management and the factors influencing marketing strategies of business development management are also presented. The purpose of the article is a theoretical study of the essence, meaning and features of the marketing concept of enterprise development management and a generalization of scientific and practical proposals for improving the efficiency of the enterprise. The solution to the scientific problem arises in the study and generalization of the theoretical foundations and methodological approaches of researching the marketing concept of enterprise development management. Keywords: marketing concept, management, development, marketing potential, marketing strategy.

New Records of Ditylenchus Species from Southern Alberta, Canada.

The presence of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) in cultivated areas is a limiting factor in achieving marketable crop yield. To control and alleviate the effects of these nematodes and determine appropriate management strategies, species-level identification is crucial. Therefore, we conducted a nematode diversity survey, which resulted in the detection of four Ditylenchus species in cultivated areas of southern Alberta, Canada. The recovered species had six lines in the lateral field, delicate stylets (>10 µm long), distinct postvulval uterine sacs, and pointed to rounded tail tips. The morphological and molecular characterization of these nematodes revealed their identity as D. anchilisposomus, D. clarus, D. tenuidens and D. valveus, all of which are members of the D. triformis group. All of the identified species were found to be new records in Canada except for D. valveus. Accurate Ditylenchus species identification is crucial because false-positive identification can result in the implementation of quarantine measures over the detected area. Our current study not only documented the presence of Ditylenchus species from southern Alberta, but also described their morpho-molecular characteristics and subsequent phylogenetic relationships with related species. The results of our study will aid in the decision on whether these species should become a part of nematode management programs since nontarget species can become pests due to changes in cropping patterns or climate.

A deep learning framework combining CNN and GRU for improving wheat yield estimates using time series remotely sensed multi-variables

Accurate and timely crop yield estimation is crucial for crop market planning and food security. Combining remotely sensed big data with deep learning for yield estimation has attracted extensive attention. However, it is still challenging to understand and quantify the time cumulative effects of crop growth over time for crop yield estimation. In this study, we combined the powerful feature extraction capability of the convolutional neural network (CNN) and the advantage of time series memory of the gated recurrent unit (GRU) network to develop a novel deep learning model called CNN-GRU for estimating county-level winter wheat yields in the Guanzhong Plain using three remotely sensed variables, vegetation temperature condition index (VTCI), leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR). The CNN-GRU model was able to extract features related to yield from the input variables and the accuracy of the proposed model (R2 = 0.64, RMSE = 462.56 kg/ha, MRE = 8.90 %) was higher than that of the GRU model (R2 = 0.62, RMSE = 479.79 kg/ha, MRE = 9.34 %), and the CNN-GRU model’s reliability and robustness were confirmed by applying the leave-one-year-out cross-validation. Furthermore, we applied the proposed CNN-GRU model to simulate the wheat yields in the Plain pixel by pixel and examined the spatiotemporal patterns of the estimated yields. The distribution of yields presented the spatial characteristics of low yields in the east and high yields in the west, and the inter-annual variation characteristics of overall stability and steady increase. Additionally, we explored the possibility of timely prediction of winter wheat yield and the contribution of the multi-variables at different growth stages to yield estimation based on the ability of deep learning to reveal cumulative effects and non-linear relationships between influencing factors and yield. It was found that the information reflected by the multi-variables from late March to late April was important for yield estimation and the best prediction could be achieved approximately 20 days before the harvest of winter wheat. Our study demonstrated that combining CNN and GRU was an efficient and promising approach to improve yield estimation, offering great promise for global crop yield estimation.

Detection of seed-borne fungal pathogens associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds collected from farmer fields and grain market

BackgroundThe plant pathogens significantly affect quality and marketability of several cereal crops. Of these, seed-borne phytopathogens are responsible for quality and quantity losses in crops on commercial scale. The aim of this study was to isolate and detect the seed-borne mycoflora from seed lots of various bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes widely grown in Bahawalpur division of south Punjab, Pakistan. MethodsEleven commercial wheat cultivars/genotypes were investigated through standard blotter paper method. The samples were randomly collected from farmer fields and grain markets. The collected samples were brought to the laboratory and analyzed with different methods to detect the mycoflora. ResultsTwenty-one fungal species were recovered from seeds lots of diversified gene pool. The most frequently isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata, Fusarium monoliformae, Aspergillus flavus, Helminthosporium spp., Curvularia spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana, Phoma spp. and Penicillium spp. The one devasting fungal specie Alternaria alternata (88.8%) was the dominating species in all wheat genotypes included in the study. ConclusionThese results divulge the presence of fungal pathogens in all wheat cultivars and could exert adverse effect on their allometric traits. So, there is a potential need to control these seed borne pathogens to minimize the crop yield losses.

English

Smallholder farms’ populations are characterized by their heterogeneity giving the diversity of farms’ livelihood settings. Integrated farming system modelling therefore requires a preliminary clear identification of the farm types in a location and for a given population. This study aims to formulate empirically agricultural livelihood system (ALS) typology for the purpose of integrated modeling of smallholder systems in West African drylands, taking Pontieba village in South-western Burkina Faso as a demonstration case. We used a multivariate analysis combining PCA to K-CA, and expert knowledge to identify agricultural livelihood system types in Pontieba. Based on the Sustainable Livelihood Framework, a cross-sectional dataset of 108 households was collected through household interviews. The results revealed the main variables discriminating agricultural livelihoods in Pontieba, which includes variables of human asset (labour, labour age, education and dependency), natural asset (land holdings and livestock), financial asset and livestock), financial (annual gross income, and non-farm income) assets, and production orientation (cotton and marketable food crops production). Three agricultural livelihood system types were identified: (i) Poor-income, landless and subsistence-based farms; (ii) Medium-income, high-dependency, cotton-and livestock-oriented farms, and (iii) better-off income, land-and labour-rich, cotton-and livestock-oriented farms. The study recommends the use of this typology for policy intervention and further systems analysis and modelling. Key words: Agricultural livelihood typology, smallholder farms, sustainable livelihoods, semi-arid areas, integrated systems modelling, Burkina Faso.

Dynamic farmers, dead plantations, and the myth of the lazy native

ABSTRACT This essay draws on insights from ethnographic and historical research in Indonesia to challenge a stubborn dualism that presents farmers as subsistence-oriented and risk-averse, in contrast to plantation corporations which are assumed to maximize productivity and profit. Drawing on this dualism, and setting aside centuries of enthusiastic farmer engagaement in growing global market crops, oil palm plantation corporations and their government supporters maintain that farmers are not interested in growing oil palm, or cannot do so efficiently, while corporations can be trusted to get the job done. The essay troubles this dualism on theoretical, empirical, and political grounds.

DETERMINATION OF THE ECONOMIC-ECOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ORGANIC MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND GROWTH PROMOTERS IN POTATO CROPS CULTIVATED IN THE FOOTHILLS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARTSAKH

The article presents the results of the studies on the changes in the quantity, marketability and quality indicators of the potato crop under the influence of the application of organic mineral fertilizers and growth promoters in the post-forest brown soils of the Askeran region of the Artsakh Republic, in potato fields grown in arid conditions. Two-year research has revealed that although the one-time application of equivalent amounts of organic and mineral fertilizers equally affected the quantity, marketability and quality indicators of the potato crop, fractional or combined application of these fertilizers had a more beneficial effect on the specified indicators of potatoes than their one-time application. At the same time, the studies revealed that in the one-time and fractional applications of organomix and mineral fertilizers, as well as bio-liquid application variants, compared to the variant without fertilization, the content of nitrates increased by 45-115 mg/kg, but their amount in the potato crop is within the limits of marginal permissible density. (MPD) Due to the limitation and high cost of mineral fertilizers, fertilize the potato fields with organomix at the rate of 8 t/ha, 60% of which is in sowing and 40% with nutrition, first soak the potato planting material with a solution of bio-liquid (14 l/ha) 2-3 days before sowing and as a result, a potato crop of 350-360 c/ha will be ensured, with a high content of starch and ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which is proposed to be invested in agricultural production.

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF CARROT WASHER TO IMPROVE FARM PRODUCTIVITY THROUGH MECHANIZED APPROACH

Food crops a vital part of human nutrition because the main need of vitamins and calories in a large portion of population is met by food crops. There is an enormous demand of food in Pakistan due to its increasing population. This demand of food can be conquered by introducing an innovation in the market, so that output could be achieved by less in economical range. Agricultural machines play central role in crop productivity, when planting and harvesting. A carrot washer is a machine that could be useful in agricultural mechanization. To increase market value, root crops such as carrot must be cleansed of soil particles after harvesting and before being transported from field to market. Carrot washing is mostly done manually with brooms and feet, using un-cleaned water from a nearby spring. Manual cleaning must require labour and takes time due to the sticky muck on the surface of the carrot. With a cleaning effectiveness of 98%, carrot washing is a highly handy cleaning machine. It can also be used to wash other crops after harvesting, such as potatoes and radishes, so that they can be transported to markets. This is a low-cost machine that is affordable to any farmer in Pakistan. The purpose of this research is to go through the design and details of this carrot washer. The machine comprises a wooden drum with a constant supply of pressurized water. After harvesting, muddy carrots are inserted inside the drum through an entrance in the drum’s face. The wooden drum rotates and scratches away foreign material from the surface of the carrots, while pressurized water is used to wash away the soil. After washing, the wastewater drains from the drum via slots around the circumference. As a result, carrot washing cleans carrots and other root crops and prepares them for commercialization. This machine can also be used to prepare other root crops for market by washing them. Tucky test was used to analyses the observations. When compared to the traditional way of washing, the machine showed to be more time efficient. The cost of manually washing carrots is estimated to be around Rs. 1000 per hour, while the cost of operating this equipment is only Rs. 364 per hour. Manual washing takes time as well, but using a carrot washer saves time when compared to manual washing. Carrot washing takes 80 hours per acre per person in conventional washing. However, the same work can be completed in 15 hours. In short, it may save around 65 hours per acre, is simple to operate, and ensures safe carrot handling. Aside from carrots, it can also be used to wash other root crops

Canola rotation effects on soil water and subsequent wheat in the Pacific Northwest USA

AbstractFarmers in Mediterranean climate regions are increasingly growing canola (Brassica napus L.) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐based systems to break soil‐borne pathogen disease cycles, control weeds, and enhance crop marketing opportunities. A 6‐year rainfed cropping systems experiment was conducted near Ritzville, Washington USA from 2015 to 2021. The objective was to compare performance of winter and spring canola, winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) (WT), and winter wheat (WW) and measure their effects on soil water dynamics and subsequent performance of spring wheat (SW). Overwinter soil water gain in canola stubble was significantly reduced compared to water gain in WT and WW stubble. The more winter precipitation, the greater the differences in soil water among treatments in early spring. There was a trend in all years for diminished overwinter soil water gain in canola stubble. Averaged over years, grain yield of SW was 1940, 2340, and 2210 kg/ha grown on canola, WT, and WW stubble, respectively (p = 0.045). Coefficients of determination from regression analysis conducted each year showed a high correlation between water content in the 180 cm profile in early spring and SW grain yield, except in one year of extreme drought. This paper provides a first report in a Mediterranean climate region of decline in wheat grain yield after canola versus after a cereal crops, primarily due to reduced overwinter soil water storage.

An Interactive, Online Web Map Resource of Global Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. Diversity and Distribution.

An Interactive, Online Web Map Resource of Global Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. Diversity and Distribution.

Effects of Environmental Changes by an Agrivoltaic System on Growth and Quality Characteristics of Kimchi Cabbage

Background and objective: For a successful application of agrivoltaic (AV) system, decrease in crop productivity must be minimized while achieving power generation. In this study, changes in microenvironments, crop growth and quality under the AV panels were investigated for kimchi cabbage.Methods: On September 1, 2021, kimchi cabbage (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>pekinensis</i>) 'Bulam No. 3' was planted in the soil under the AV panels and in an open field for the control, and grown using a conventional method. Growth characteristics and internal components after 16 weeks were analyzed.Results: There was no difference in air temperature and relative humidity, however daily light integral (DLI) and soil temperature under the AV panels were lower than the control. Under the AV panels, plant width was lesser and plant height and head height were greater than the control. Head shape index and leaf number of the AV panel plot were greater than in the control. Trimming loss rate was lower but chlorophyll content was higher in the AV panel plot. Head hardness was lower in the AV panel plot, while head fresh weight was greater but head dry weight was smaller in the AV panel plot: therefore, moisture content was greater than the control. Marketable crop yield and heading rate was higher in the AV panel plot.Conclusion: The environmental changes caused by AV panels including the DLI and soil temperature induced a larger fresh weight, higher heading and trimming loss rates because a relatively good environment was created in the early crop stage which was the period of high temperature and DLI. However, the lower DLI of the latter period had a rather negative effect, resulting in an elongated shape, smaller dry weight, and shorter shelf life.

Assessment of Aflatoxin Contamination in Maize and Groundnuts during Storage in Giwa Community, Kaduna State Nigeria

Contamination of food and feed by aflatoxins has become a worldwide cause of public health concern due to its significant impact on human health and crop market value. The present study aimed to assess the aflatoxin contents of maize and groundnut from stores and warehouses in the Giwa community, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of ninety (90) grain samples of maize and groundnut were collected between October to December 2020 and analyzed for total aflatoxins using Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Eighty-four 84(93.3%) of the samples had detectable aflatoxin levels (0.2-9.8ppb), while six 6(6.7%) had none. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean total aflatoxin content of the grains from stores, warehouses and household foodstuff samples. This could be attributed to agricultural practices and low temperature and humidity storage conditions, which were the same for all the stored grains. Overall, aflatoxin concentrations of the grain samples were within the acceptable limit (10ppb for maize and 15ppb for groundnut) for food safety set by NAFDAC. However, there could be further contamination during storage, particularly when temperature rises and humidity increases. Hence, improved storage conditions and monitoring of grain before sale are recommended to avoid contamination during storage and to ensure a healthy and safe food supply along the trade chain and to the consumers.

Effect of Populus nigra spring and autumn leaves extract on Capsicum annuum infected with pepper mild mottle virus

Capsicum annuum is one of the main vegetable crops for the local market and exportation in Egypt. In this concern, pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) infection caused a significant decrease in Capsicum sp. leading to large economic losses. An isolate of PMMoV was obtained from naturally infected pepper plants, exhibiting different patterns of mottling, leaf distortion, yellowing, and stunting of leaves. The virus was identified. The molecular detection of PMMoV was done using RT-PCR with specific primers designed for coat protein genes. An RT-PCR product (474) bp of the coat protein gene of (PMMoV) was cloned. The target of the investigation was the effect of spring and autumn ethanol extracts of Populus nigra leaves on C. annuum seedling growth and infected C. annuum with (PMMoV) under greenhouse conditions. The experimental data showed that treated spring leaf extract of P. nigra enhanced infected C. annuum seedling growth parameters and fruit quality compared to uninfected seedlings. P. nigra spring leaf extract containing some allo-chemicals had a negative effect on uninfected seedlings. P. nigra autumn leaf extract significantly improved the growth and fruit quality of infected C. annuum seedlings compared to the control.