Market Value Chain Research Articles

Marketing of shrimp in Bangladesh-A value chain analysis

Shrimp is an important fisheries resource in the national economy of Bangladesh. It is considered as an exportable item and in each year it shared about 2.75% of the total export earning of Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to examine the marketing system and value chain, and marketing efficiency of shrimp marketed both in domestic and export market. For this study a total of 182 stakeholders (market intermediaries) were selected where shrimp farmers, export oriented farms, depot owners and other market participants and selling agents were included. Data were collected for the period of 2012-13. The study revealed that 80% shrimp is exported and rest 20% is consumed in the local market. Usually shrimp is exported through exporting agencies and firms. Considering all kinds of market, the average gross marketing margin and profit of shrimp in the local market were Tk 171.00/kg and Tk 134.04/kg respectively but for export market, the corresponding amounts were Tk 142.76/kg and Tk 89.51/kg respectively. Shrimp is sold both in domestic and overseas market and accordingly major supply chain and value chain were identified. Shrimp farmers and exporting agencies supply shrimp to ultimate consumers through supply chain. Actually value chain actors added value at each level of market. After processing and adding value, domestic and overseas consumers purchase 1 kg of shrimp at Tk 55.00 and Tk 142.76 respectively. Marketing efficiency was studied only for domestic market. It revealed that shorter supply channel resulted efficient marketing of shrimp where the shrimp producer received the higher percentages of sales price provided by the retailer in consumer market.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 359-368, December 2014

Study on marketing channel and value chain analysis of some commercially important marine fish species available in Cox’s bazar area, Bangladesh

A study was conducted to investigate marketing channel and value chain analysis of some commercially important marine fish species available in Cox’s Bazar area, Bangladesh. Three commercially important marine fish species were investigated in respect to their marketing channel and value analysis: 1) Pomfret, Stromateus chinensis, 2) Jewfish, Otolithoides argenteus and 3) Hilsha, Tenualosa ilisha. Three marketing channels mainly encompasses from fishermen to consumers, namely the primary, secondary and retail markets involving sales agents, suppliers, wholesalers, commission agents, processors and retailers. A total of 120 fishermen and intermediaries involved in the channels were interviewed. A large number of intermediaries were found to be involved in the marketing channel and this group is believed to make huge profit, thus the prices of fishes were very high in the final consumer market. Marketing margin and profit also analyzed. Marketing margin for Pomfret fish, Jewfish and Hilsha were 21%, 27% and 27% of consumer purchase price, respectively. Poor road and transport facilities and large number of intermediaries in the chain were some of the major problems of marine fish marketing chain. It was therefore necessary to provide organizational support, government support, extension service and training facilities to the market operators for sustainable fish marketing systems.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 195-201, April 2016

Bacteriological quality of raw camel milk along the market value chain in Fafen zone, Ethiopian Somali regional state.

BackgroundThe camel is a multipurpose animal with a huge productive potential. Camel milk is a key food in arid and semi-arid areas of the African and Asian countries. The quality of milk is influenced by different bacteria present in milk. This study was conducted to evaluate total bacterial content in raw camel milk along the market chain in Fafen zone, Ethiopian Somali Regional State.MethodsOne hundred twenty-six raw camel milk samples were collected from Gursum (47.1 %) and Babile (52.9 %) districts. The three sampling levels included were udder (14.7 %), milking bucket (29.4 %) and market (55.9 %). Milk samples were analyzed for total bacterial counts (TBC) and coliform counts (CC). Furthermore, major pathogens were isolated and identified.Result108 (85.7 %) of raw camel milk samples demonstrated bacterial contamination. The overall mean TBC and CC of contaminated raw camel milk samples was 4.75 ± 0.17 and 4.03 ± 0.26 log CFU/ml, respectively. TBC increased from udder to market level and was higher in Gursum compared to Babile district (P < 0.05). Around 38.9 % of TBCs and 88.2 % CCs in contaminated raw camel milk samples were in the range considered unsafe for human utility. Staphylococcus spp. (89.8 %), Streptococcus spp. (53.7 %), E. coli (31.5 %), Salmonella spp. (17.6 %), Klebsiella spp. (5.6 %) and Enterobacter spp. (5.6 %) were the major bacterial microorganisms isolated.ConclusionThe majority of the bacterial isolates in this study showed high incidence in market as compared to production level. These results indicate a lack of compliance with good production practices and hygiene at milking, transportation and market of raw camel milk.

Private Governance Undermined: India and the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil

Are emerging markets undermining private environmental governance? In the past, most trade in agricultural commodities occurred between developed and developing countries, but in recent years the volume of South-South trade has increased significantly. The booming demand from emerging markets for food, feed, and fiber is now a key driver behind agricultural expansion, causing large-scale deforestation and biodiversity loss in the tropics. By examining the case of palm oil, this article argues that existing private governance institutions are not well equipped to deal with this crisis. They continue to operate on the basis of a North-South trade model, trying to leverage the market power of big-brand companies to achieve their sustainability goals. However, the effectiveness of this mechanism is increasingly undermined by the rise of South-South trade and the different structure and institutional context of emerging market value chains.

Market Participation and Value Chain of Cassava Farmers in Abia State

Market Participation and Value Chain of Cassava Farmers in Abia State

Value Chain Analysis of Animal Feed Sector in Indian States of West Bengal and Odisha

The animal feed sector in India is not new but performance of the sector is not well understood or documented, even though value-chain analysis provides a methodological tool to do so. To provide a better understanding of the sector, a study was carried out to evaluate the value chain performance of the animal feed sector in two eastern states of India, in terms of value addition, employment and profitability. Quantitative data were collected for each link in the value-chain on operational and financial performance. The strength and weaknesses of each link of the value chain were assessed and appropriate upgrading, management and development strategies were suggested. The results indicated that the animal feed value chain is relatively simple including only five main stakeholders groups; major feed input supplier, minor feed input supplier, animal feed producer, feed marketers and service providers. About 58.26 and 36.47 percent of input is supplied by trader and miller respectively. Capacity utilization in small firms (production capacity 35000 tonnes per year) is 51percent. Wholesaler is the main actor in forward value chain marketing 46 percent of the feed. Employment generation in small mill was 67 jobs per mill where as large mill created about 144 jobs per mill. Male represent 98percent of the labour force in the feed producing mills. Feed ingredients cost represent 80–90 percent of the total operating cost of the firms. The major factors impacting on the performance of the value chain relate to inputs, to feed production, to marketing, transportation, sale of product, low value addition on successive links in the chain, and low export. This paper highlights the benefits of value-chain analysis as a useful tool to understand sector performance and argues for its wider use in identifying critical factors and actions to support animal feed sector improvements.

Market and Value Chain Analyses of Marketable Natural Products from Agroforestry Systems in Eastern Sudan

The objectives of the present study were: 1) to identify the prioritized marketable natural products (NPs) from agroforestry systems (AFS), and 2) to conduct market value chain analyses of the most important and prioritized NPs to identify markets and marketing channels; actors, functions and characteristics; constraints and opportunities to entry and growth; opportunities for value addition, and conduct analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis). The study was conducted in the Refugees’ camps and their hosting communities in Eastern Sudan. Using the participatory value chain analysis (PVCA) approach, it was found that communities in the project sites obtained a multiplicity of NPs for sustenance and for increasing their incomes. Eight products were identified and ranked as the most important NPs with greatest opportunities for enterprise development at the community level. These are: gum Arabic, honey, fodder, non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and tree seeds. Gum Arabic has been shown to score higher ranks in terms of a) marketability b) ecological suitability (availability), c) social suitability, and d) potential for value addition. The results show that marketing of gum Arabic in the study site is characterized by a large number of producers and relatively few traders and companies work through seven marketing channels. The results demonstrate that in the customary marketing channel there is an upward skewed benefit distribution among the value chain actors. The total relative commercialization margin was 80% indicating that “traders” accrued higher proportion, while “producers”, receive less income (20%) of the end market price. Poor land security, one-sided prices, taxes and levies, lack of finance and appropriate skills are major impediments to gum commodity growth and development. One of the most important opportunities for growth and entry of Gum Arabic are: it is natural organic product and thus well-fit for fair trade, environmentally sustainable and organic market development. Numerous opportunities exist in the site for value addition and distribution synergies and gender-specific development, including that gum Arabic has high synergy with natural resource management and other sectors for enhancing regional and national growth. The study concludes that Gum Arabic production and marketing is financially profitable for producers, traders and companies and has the potential to open new markets and bring new opportunities to smallholder farmers. However, technical, financial, and institutional support could result in an increase in local actors’ income and contribute to sustainability of the supply of the product.

Bamboo Resources in Ethiopia: Their value chain and contribution to livelihoods

Ethiopia has an estimated one million hectares of natural bamboo forest, the largest in the African continent. Despite the versatile resource base and advanced bamboo utilization at a global scale, its great potential to enhance socio-economic and ecological development remains unrealized in Ethiopia. More importantly, recent observations in the country showed massive bamboo flowering followed by a death that urges management interventions. The objective of this study was to examine the socio-economic contribution of bamboo resources and typify their marketing value chain across major bamboo-growing and -marketing regions in Ethiopia, in order to promote its sustainable management. Structured questionnaires were administered to a total of 345 households to inspect the relative contribution of bamboo income to household economy. Participatory rural appraisal, key informant interviews, group discussions, market assessment, and field observations were made to understand the bamboo marketing system, actors involved, price trends, and factors affecting the bamboo value chain. Results show that crop and livestock production, forest management, and off-farm activities are major sources of income for respondent households. Fifty-three percent of the respondents reported bamboo income. Though it significantly varies across the study localities (p < 0.005), bamboo income contributed up to 11% of the annual cash income of the households, the lowest (3.4%) at Masha and the largest (38%) at Banja and Bahir Dar Zuria Districts. Positive and significant correlation was observed among cash incomes from bamboo, crop, petty trade, and other Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). Producer farmers, village level traders, town and city wholesalers, small- and medium-scale bamboo processing and marketing firms, and town and city consumers are identified as major actors in the bamboo value chain. Fifty-five percent of the respondents indicated presence of poor horizontal and vertical linkage among actors. Access to market is difficult for a majority (88%) of the producers, and hence they sell bamboo culms and other product forms locally, mainly in roadside markets. Despite the inefficient value chains, 85% of the respondents indicated an increasing trend of demand for bamboo products. Market assessment for bamboo culms showed a price elasticity of demand, which is the change in quantity divided by change in price, up to 1.21 in 2008/2009 and 1.47 in 2009/2010. Nevertheless, bamboo utilization in Ethiopia is basically rudimentary, and bamboo product import exceeds export, in contrast to the resource base of the country. It is also noteworthy that the resource base is declining alarmingly in spite of the little interventions in place. An important policy and development lesson include enhancing further research for technology innovation, upgrading and integrating the bamboo value chain, and promoting sustainable management of the resource base.

Market value chain efficiency in Turkey: application of DEA to the pre- and post-2001 financial crisis

Purpose – The motivation for this paper stems from the 2001 financial crisis which emerged in the banking industry and spread over the other industries, creating a domino effect. The purpose of this paper is to examine the market efficiency of Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) listed non-financial firms from 2000 through 2002. Design/methodology/approach – A four-stage data envelope analysis (DEA) is developed to measure the performance of firms before and after the 2001 financial crisis. At each stage, production, profitability, marketability and overall efficiencies are measured. Further, Malmquist Productivity Index is applied to compare total factor productivity over time. Findings – The findings show that firms are more efficient at the profitability stage than at other stages. However, the 2001 financial crisis eroded profitability efficiency. Overall, ISE-listed firms experienced diseconomies of scale so that many firms were not able to transform production into sales and therefore earnings efficiently, particularly during the crisis period. Research limitations/implications – The sample is limited to manufacturing companies. All financial firms are excluded from the sample. Originality/value – This paper extends the three-stage market value efficiency process outlined in Zhu (2000) by adding production stage. It proposes four-stage DEA approach to measure production, profitability, marketability and overall efficiency of ISE-listed firms. To the best of authors’ knowledge, there has been no study using four-stage DEA approach for Turkish firms.

The Potential of Farm-Level Forestry Enterprises by Small Scale Farmers in Selected Arid and Semi-Arid Areas (ASALs) in Kenya

Aims: The objective of the study was to establish socio-economic status of selected farm forestry groups and networks currently undertaking farm forestry (FF) and the prospects of farm-level forestry enterprises in improving and sustaining the rural livelihoods in Mbeere and Tharaka, Sub-counties and Kitui County in Kenya. Methodology: Using interviews with 466 randomly selected farmers, farm forestry groups Original Research Article Andika et al.; JAERI, Article no. JAERI.2014.005 (FFG) and farm forestry networks (FFN), assessment of the current farm-level FF-related assets and activities, FF enterprises [FFE], products and the constraints to adoption and sustainability of FFE by farmers was done. Results: Majority of farmers had an average farm size between 2-20 acres headed by females who had influence on farm activities, making them important target group for FF development and sustainability. Low level of education in Tharaka and Mbeere implied that any interventional strategies involving high level of information analysis would be difficult to sell in these areas. Several viable FFE were identifiedin the study areas: tree nurseries, mango orchards, woodlot, and the main products honey, mango, seedlings, and timber and charcoal. Market value chain analysis identified disorganized market linkages, high transport cost, access to credit and low technical knowhow as the main constraints to the success of FF. Conclusion: Future FF interventions need to incorporate local priorities to spur investments in FF for improved livelihoods and sustainable environmental conservation.

E-commerce Challenges, Solutions and Effectiveness Perspective Bangladesh

Due to increasing the Information Technology around the world have a strong role in business sector that have already turned into online business many year past. This online business refers to the E-commerce which is recently moved in to developing countries like Bangladesh (BD). This paper describes the present challenges of E-commerce and it’s solution in BD. It also discusses the effectiveness of E-commerce in financial sector of BD .Proper Ecommerce sites like Brand Ecommerce play a vital role in employment generation as well as increasing the internet utilization .This research mainly describes the present status of BD’s E-commerce sites as well as study of traditional commerce for developing online business. By surveying fruitful questionnaire from consumer site, Ecommerce services provider related parties, banking sector give a perfect assessment of BD’s present E-commerce infrastructure and its future organizational structure. Market middlemen, and industry and firm value chain are the most involvement in traditional businesses. Online marketplace eliminates that involvement by creating an alternative channel from producer or manufacturer to consumers or audiences via Web [10]. As a developing country BD is not well known about IT sector. As a result this paper also shows how to reach digital Bangladesh. The comparative analysis of different Ecommerce sites represents an analytical initiative. This research compares the local E-commerce sites with worldwide brand E-commerce sites to make an effective solution of BD’s E-commerce.

The patterns and risks for disease spreading of cattle movement in China

In order to reduce the risks for the spread of disease in cattle movements, we investigated China’s cattle breeding and movement pattern, analyzed risk factors of disease infection caused by long-distance movement, explored the relevant risk management measures and conjectured the direction of cattle movement based on the regional distribution of cattle inventory and beef price. We also constructed a market value chain in live cattle movements and qualitatively analyzed the risks for unapparent infection in the process of movement. Meanwhile, we put forward a long-term policy of reducing the risks for unapparent infection and animal health supervision measures.

Market manipulation and surveillance - a survey of literature and some practical implications

Price discovery is the central element of a capital market value chain. Market surveillance becomes a necessity when any deliberate attempt is made at disrupting a free and fair mechanism for price discovery in a stock market. These attempts may be aimed at creating false and misleading signals with respect to the price or demand for a stock or both. This paper reviews the literature on: 1) efficiency and integrity of markets; 2) theoretical, empirical and experimental literature on manipulation; 3) surveillance systems and techniques.

Social-ecological and regional adaptation of agrobiodiversity management across a global set of research regions

To examine management options for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, eight research regions were classified into social-ecological domains, using a dataset of indicators of livelihood resources, i.e., capital assets. Potential interventions for biodiversity-based agriculture were then compared among landscapes and domains. The approach combined literature review with expert judgment by researchers working in each landscape. Each landscape was described for land use, rural livelihoods and attitudes of social actors toward biodiversity and intensification of agriculture. Principal components analysis of 40 indicators of natural, human, social, financial and physical capital for the eight landscapes showed a loss of biodiversity associated with high-input agricultural intensification. High levels of natural capital (e.g. indicators of wildland biodiversity conservation and agrobiodiversity for human needs) were positively associated with indicators of human capital, including knowledge of the flora and fauna and knowledge sharing among farmers. Three social-ecological domains were identified across the eight landscapes (Tropical Agriculture-Forest Matrix, Tropical Degrading Agroecosystem, and Temperate High-Input Commodity Agriculture) using hierarchical clustering of the indicator values. Each domain shared a set of interventions for biodiversity-based agriculture and ecological intensification that could also increase food security in the impoverished landscapes. Implementation of interventions differed greatly among the landscapes, e.g. financial capital for new farming practices in the Intensive Agriculture domain vs. developing market value chains in the other domains. This exploratory study suggests that indicators of knowledge systems should receive greater emphasis in the monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem services, and that inventories of assets at the landscape level can inform adaptive management of agrobiodiversity-based interventions.

Market Value Chain Efficiency in Turkey: Application of DEA to the Pre- and Post-2001 Financial Crisis

This paper examines the market efficiency of Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) listed non-financial firms from 2000 through 2002. A four-stage data envelope analysis (DEA) is developed to measure the performance of firms before and after the 2001 financial crisis. At each stage, production, profititability, marketability and overall efficiencies are measured. The findings show that firms are more efficient at the profitability stage than at other stages. However, the 2001 financial crisis eroded profitability efficiency. Overall, ISE listed firms experienced diseconomies of scale so that many firms were not able to transform production into sales and therefore earnings efficiently, particularly during the crisis period.

Mobile marketing at Telenor Pakistan – a MAD strategy?

Subject area Mobile marketing. Study level/applicability MBA, marketing level consultants. Case overview This is the first documented study on the development of a mobile marketing eco-system in Pakistan. The focus of the case is Telenor Pakistan - the first local operator to implement a comprehensive mobile marketing strategy via opt-in based consumer profiling. By positioning itself as a “media company” in the mobile marketing value chain, Telenor Pakistan aims to both enable and drive the mobile marketing eco-system at a time when operators are suffering from a decline in average revenue per user and are endeavouring to put into place strategies that will open up revenue streams based on services other than voice. Expected learning outcomes To develop a comprehensive understanding of the drivers and restrainers that affect the mobile marketing eco-system in emerging markets; and to examine to what extent operator-driven mobile marketing can create synergies within the mobile marketing value chain. Supplementary materials Teaching notes.

Improving livelihoods and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa through the promotion of indigenous and exotic fruit production in smallholders' agroforestry systems: a review

†SUMMARY The cultivation of indigenous and exotic fruits for sub-Saharan Africa’s domestic markets can bring increased revenues for smallholders and improve the diets of local consumers. There are, however, many bottlenecks which need to be addressed so that wider benefits from such activities are realised. Here, we describe key interventions being taken to address current constraints. For indigenous fruit trees, it is necessary to set priorities for which species to promote and to engage in participatory domestication for the improvement of yield, quality and germplasm delivery to farmers. For exotic fruits, ‘south-south’ transfer of advanced cultivars and the development of small-scale commercial suppliers of planting material are required to reinvigorate production. For both indigenous and exotic species, a focus on improving market value chains to bring greater benefits to producers is needed. We describe where further work is required to increase efficiency in the sector and to favour smallholder involvement.

Indian PSU Public Issues IPO Funding - Huge Revenue Drivers for NBFCs - Dec, 2010

This financial year 2010-11 till date has seen a robust disinvestment activity with a series of IPOs and FPOs from the PSUs (Public Sector Undertakings). During the period, there were 3 IPOs of SJVNL, Coal India and Manganese Ore India. And, there were 3 FPOs of Engineers India, Power Grid and Shipping Corporation. The issues have seen strong participation from HNIs and healthy participation from retailers. Especially, Coal India has proven to be the game-changer in accentuating the mood of the primary markets, with investors making strong profits. As the excitement in the market regarding the PSU public issues is getting healthier, it is giving opportunity for everyone in the primary market value chain to make money.

ALLANBLACKIA, A NEW TREE CROP IN AFRICA FOR THE GLOBAL FOOD INDUSTRY: MARKET DEVELOPMENT, SMALLHOLDER CULTIVATION AND BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT The seeds of Allanblackia trees produce edible oil with significant global market potential. Consequently, a private-public partnership involving Unilever and known as ‘Novella Africa’ is engaged in the development of Allanblackia as a new crop in a number of African countries. The purpose of this partnership is to build a profitable and sustainable initiative for harvest, marketing and cultivation. Rural communities are directly involved and a participatory approach to domestication is being followed to maximise farmers' livelihood benefits. This is the first time a multinational company has partnered in such an approach, and the initiative represents an example for the domestication of other new tree crops. Investing in good communication between partners is considered to be essential to success by ensuring trust and a common understanding of priorities. Progress to date has involved the establishment of market supply chains for oil, based firstly on wild harvest, and the initiation of cultivation by smallholders. Further work will involve the development of rural resource centres to deliver improved germplasm to growers. At the same time, these centres will provide other services such as market information, credit and access to buyers. Through this strategy it is foreseen that there will be progress towards the development of a market value chain which removes producers' constraints to profitable involvement. Furthermore, the diversification of farmers' cropping systems should have positive impacts for biodiversity and provide resilience in the face of climate change. Currently, the most important activity under the initiative is the promotion of Allanblackia planting, so that production constraints do not hamper market development.

컨버전스 시대에 로봇산업의 비즈니스 모델 개발

본 논문에서는 컨버전스 시대에 새로운 비즈니스 기회를 창출하기 위하여 고령화 사회에 대응하기 위한 로봇사업의 비즈니스 모델을 개발하고자 한다. 컨버전스 사회와 고령화 사회의 마켓 동인을 확인하기 위하여, 이들의 트렌드를 분석한다. 마켓의 가치사슬의 구성과 분석을 통하여 본 연구에서는 유비쿼터스, 헬스 그리고 로봇이 통합된 컨버전스 서비스 형태의 u-health 로봇에 초점을 맞추어 비즈니스 모델을 설계한다. 추가적으로 기술개발과 마켓을 축으로 제안된 비즈니스 모델의 진화 경로에 대하여 기술한다 마지막으로 제안된 비즈니스 모델의 효과성을 측정하고 평가하기 위한 매트릭스 기반의 평가 프레임워크를 개발한다. This paper presents a business models of the robot industry for copying with aging society that facilitates to create new business opportunities in the convergence age. In order to identify the market drivers for both convergence and aging society, the trends of them analyzed. Through constructing and analyzing market value chain, we design a set of the business model of the robot industry focused on u-health robots of a convergence service type integrated ubiquitous, health and robot. In addition, we describe the evolution path of the proposed business model in terms of technology development and market. Finally, we develop a matrix based evaluation framework to measure and assess the effectiveness of the business model.