Market Typology Research Articles

Exploring the nexus of organisational culture and sustainability for green innovation

ABSTRACT Organisations have embraced green innovation, but the desired environmental impacts remain unrealised. We approach this problem by focusing on how a driver of green innovation, sustainability, relates to organisational culture. Prior research suggests that understanding culture is fundamental to managing sustainability, but empirical research relating the two concepts is lacking. Global Reporting Initiative documents and annual reports to shareholders from 197 organisations were examined via content analysis to measure their sustainability strength with the Stages of Sustainability model and to quantify their organisational culture profiles on the Competing Value Framework. Expectedly, organisations oriented towards Hierarchy, and Market typologies were purveyors of weak sustainability. Unexpectedly, Clan organisations were found to reduce weak sustainability while Adhocracy types had no significant effect on sustainability strength. These findings result in implications for shifting organisational culture for strong sustainability. This knowledge can be leveraged in future research to cultivate impactful green innovation.

Chemical Leasing (Ch.L.) and the Sherwood Plot

Although the Circular Economy (CE) has made remarkable technological progress by offering a wide range of alternative engineering solutions, an obstacle for its large-scale commercialization is nested in the adoption of those business and financial models that accurately depict the value generated from resource recovery. Recovering a resource from a waste matrix conserves natural reserves in situ by reducing demand for virgin resources, as well as conserving environmental carrying capacities by reducing waste discharges. The standard business model for resource recovery is Industrial Symbiosis (IS), where industries organize in clusters and allocate the process of waste matrices to achieve the recovery of a valuable resource at an optimal cost. Our work develops a coherent microeconomic architecture of Chemical Leasing (Ch.L.) contracts within the analytical framework of the Sherwood Plot (SP) for recovering a Value-Added Compound (VAC) from a wastewater matrix. The SP depicts the relationship between the VAC’s dilution in the wastewater matrix and its cost of recovery. ChL is engineered on the SP as a financial contract, motivating industrial synergies for delivering the VAC at the target dilution level at the market’s minimum cost and with mutual profits. In this context, we develop a ChL market typology where information completeness on which industry is most cost-efficient in recovering a VAC at every dilution level determines market dominance via a Kullback–Leibler Divergence (DKL) metric. In turn, we model how payoffs are allocated between industries via three ChL contract pricing systems, their profitability limits, and their fitting potential by market type. Finally, we discuss the emerging applications of ChL financial engineering in relation to three vital pillars of resource recovery and natural capital conservation.

In the Plots of Neoliberalism: the Impact of AirBnb on Hotel Industry and the Real Estate Market in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

With a market value of nearly US$136 billion (Nasdaq, 20242), AirBnb stands as the foremost hospitality platform in the world, with operations spanning across most countries. Introduced in Brazil in 2012, Airbnb is now present in every state of the country, dominant in cities with massive tourist influx, though it faces stiff competition from other smaller platforms. Despite the discernibly increasing impact of AirBnb in different places, only a few studies about Brazil have been carried out. In recognition of this gap, the main objective of this text is to analyze its impacts in the two largest Brazilian metropolises, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, considering its effects on hotel occupancy rates, ADR and RevPAR as well as on real estate market trends. As a theoretical premise, this text considers the relationship between AirBnb, the hotel industry and the real estate market as an expression of neoliberalism in the production of urban spaces in a developing country, based on the construction of a ‘market society’, on the competition between individuals and on their self-entrepreneurship (Andrade; Côrtes; Almeida, 2021). The methodological approach employed for this study comprises literature and documentary research, exploratory (considering the real estate) and comparative data analysis (on AirBnb listings and on hotel occupancy rates, ADR and RevPAR), as well as a cartographic production. The data about AirBnb was obtained from the AirDna Platform including the whole years of 2021, 2022, 2023 and January 2024, and concerning the real estate market in both cities, the main data source was SECOVI, a private entity that represents the economic category of real estate purchase, sale, rental and management companies. The results show that, given the significant geographical differences between the cities analyzed, AirBnb has produced a specific topology in each of them. Furthermore, although no evidence was found that this platform has had a significant impact on hotel occupancy rates, ADR and RevPAR in these cities in recent years, the competition between AirBnb and hotel industry is considered unfair. Finally, there are signs of an impact on the real estate market typologies in both São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, where there has been an increase in real estate launches explicitly aimed at seasonal rentals.

Analyzing the tourist markets with a new tool: Tourist market typology

To develop appropriate strategies through classifying the tourist markets is an important issue to increase the tourism revenue. In this study, a tourist market typology was developed. Tourist markets were divided into eight groups in terms of their average daily expenditures, average length of stay, and their contribution to the tourism revenue of destination. Typology of tourist markets was applied using the Turkish tourism data of 2018. It gives concrete recommendations about which strategy to be pursued for each markets in order to maximize the tourism revenue while controlling the cost that associated with the tourism operations.

Trust, but what trust? Investigating the influence of trust dimensions on supply chain performance in smallholder agribusinesses in Uganda

PurposeEven though trust is known for improving supply chain performance (SCP), previous studies have overlooked the investigation of its dimensions. Limited studies exist on the variations of the influence of trust dimensions in agribusiness supply chain relationships. This study examined the influence of trust dimensions on SCP in a developing country's context.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study design was used to collect from 204 farmers and 192 traders (396 respondents) using a multistage sampling approach. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the hypothesized relationships.FindingsPooled sample results show that integrity and competence were the trust dimensions with significant effects on SCP, whereas competence was significant across different supply chains and markets, integrity and benevolence were only significant along fresh chains and in the contract market.Research limitations/implicationsThe extent of application of this study's findings is limited to situations similar to those of tomato and soybeans value chains in developing countries.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to a better understanding of the influence of trust dimensions on SCP across supply chains in different market typologies in agribusiness relationships in a developing country's context.

The Journey to Strong Sustainability Starts With Understanding Organizational Culture

Organizations and researchers have embraced corporate sustainability but the desired impacts of doing so are unrealized. This “Big Disconnect” stems from a business-as-usual integration of weak sustainability rather than an embracing of strong sustainability. This paper approaches this problem by asking if organizational culture, is a component of corporate sustainability strength. Documents from 197 organizations were text mined with standardized keywords to determine corporate sustainability strength on Landrum’s Stages of Corporate Sustainability and organizational culture profile on the Competing Value Framework. Expectedly, organizations with a proclivity towards Hierarchy, and Market typologies were proponents of weak corporate sustainability. Surprisingly, Clan-oriented organizations were found to reduce weak sustainability while Adhocracy types had no relationship to corporate sustainability strength. These findings demonstrate that organizational culture should be managed in practice and research to connect organizations to strong sustainability.

The Use of Discord Servers to Buy and Sell Drugs

The focus of current research on social media drug markets is the use of mainstream platforms such as Facebook, Snapchat and Instagram. No research currently exists examining how lesser-known social media platforms may facilitate online drug supply. This paper presents the first analysis of the use of the social media platform Discord to buy and sell illegal drugs. The study utilizes observational data and qualitative interviews with Discord drug market participants in New Zealand, including sellers and a drug server administrator ( n = 12). Our findings demonstrate that the Discord platform, which was initially established for gaming, is also being used to facilitate drug transactions. Discord is used to establish local drug selling groups called “servers,” which can be joined by accessing an “invite-link.” The advantages of Discord drug servers cited by interviewees included competitive prices and the ability to greatly expand local seller and customer bases beyond pre-existing personal networks. However, accessibility, server size and management varied considerably between drug servers, giving rise to a range of issues and concerns. We use drug market typologies based on theory of “open” and “closed” markets to understand how “lower tier” and “higher tier” Discord drug servers provided different buying and selling environments. “Lower tier” drug servers were generally characterized by greater ease of entry, larger size, higher rates of opportunism among participants and variable server management. Conversely, “higher tier” drug servers typically involved tighter market entry controls, more active server management and were generally smaller in size. The emergence of Discord drug servers illustrates how the evolution of social media platforms presents their users with new spaces that can be adapted to function as drug markets and the tensions that may emerge during the process of learning to buy and sell in a new social media space.

Genotypic and environmental effects on the agronomic, health-related compounds and antioxidant properties of chilli peppers for diverse market destinations.

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe consumers' perception of the importance of healthy food has promoted the interest towards fruit, vegetables and spices rich in antioxidants. Moreover, changing in eating habits has encouraged the diffusion of ready‐to‐eat commodities with specific merceological standards. In the present study, 12 hot pepper varieties devoted to powder production, canned processing, blister packaging have been evaluated for morpho‐agronomic traits and bioactive compounds in replicated trials in three locations and two growing seasons.RESULTSFor all traits, the genotypic component (G) and the genotype × location interaction (G×L) were significant (P < 0.05). Morphological fruit traits evidenced a strong effect of the genotype (> 95%) while yield and biochemical traits showed a variable response to environmental effects. Capsaicin and the yellow fraction of carotenoids were the only nutraceutical compounds showing a relatively high G effect, contrariwise, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and tocopherols were more influenced by location (L) and year of cultivation (Y). Results showed how breeding for quality traits in chilli is still challenging. Multivariate analysis allowed to identify pairs of traits distinguishing the different market typologies: powder types exhibited a lower productivity and higher pungency while those for blister packaging had a remarkable antioxidant capacity.CONCLUSIONSA comprehensive approach was used to study the plasticity of agronomic and nutritional traits in chilli pepper. The set of cultivars analysed produced fruits with considerable levels of several health‐related metabolites, including capsaicin, carotenoids and antioxidant phytochemicals. This information is useful for precision breeding of novel varieties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Relationships between organisational culture and efficiency in Finnish construction projects

The construction industry has struggled with efficiency issues for the last two decades, and longer. Organisational culture is identified to contain a lot of potential for developing the industry’s effectiveness. This study was conducted in the Finnish construction industry, where 30 case projects were measured for their culture and performance to investigate the presumptive correlation between construction project culture and efficiency. The projects’ culture was measured with the Organisational Culture Assessment Instrument. The projects with the highest performance and customer satisfaction levels seemed to identify their project culture stronger than poorer level projects. This is congruent with the academic observations that a strong comprehensive culture supports better efficiency outcomes. The article revealed that construction sites would embrace a Clan typology at the expense of a Market typology to achieve a better level of site efficiency.

Rethinking business segmentation: a conceptual model and strategic insights

Segmenting business markets is challenging but potentially highly rewarding. An in-depth understanding of how to segment markets is necessary to guide the best decisions leading to profitable targeting. Business markets are changing rapidly due to new technology and a more complex business environment. Current segmentation frameworks are not sufficient to guide business-to-business (B2B), business-to-business-to-business (B2B2B), and business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C) market analyses. Thus, new strategic segmentation insights are required. This paper introduces and tests a new six-cell business market typology building on two key segmentation dimensions – product use by intermediaries in their marketing (B2B, B2B2B, and B2B2C) and product standardization (standardized or customized products). Examples are developed showing how this model is used by organizational marketers, research findings are presented, and a research agenda is proposed to fill the gap in the literature – i.e. understand the new model and apply appropriate business segmentation criteria.

Visualizing the social and geographical embeddedness of local food systems

Re-localizing food distribution is expected to geographically concentrate social and economic capital toward values that are beneficial to both consumers and producers. Yet, both the theory of how communities benefit from purchasing local food and the practice of promoting local food lack foundational empiric evidence that makes spatially explicit the procurement typologies and the communities that are connected. This research pilots a method for understanding the geographic patterns of local food supply chains in relation to the social networks formed through farm tours, byproduct sales, farm-to-farm collaboration, and donations to the local food bank. This method is expected to improve both the theory and practice of re-localizing food systems, thereby helping scholars and policymakers to identify and correct for inequities while also recognizing successful practices and opportunities in situ. Findings are based on a novel dataset from Chester County, Pennsylvania encompassing 1089 connections between 117 farms and 637 locations. Farms primarily engage with one marketing typology. The most common marketing practices are wholesale distribution and direct-marketing to consumers through farmers’ markets; both market typologies have an average reach of over 50 km. Central to the social network, is a third typology characterized by sales to restaurants, collaboration amongst farms and participation with local food bank programming. Interviews with policymakers and market managers ground-truth and relate findings to state and local regulations.

Market Typology, Concentration, and Competition of National Media Conglomerate in Indonesia

The economic practices of media industry in Indonesia are inseparable from the pattern of oligopolistic market competition and control. This trend is seen from further centralized market control of media, particularly advertising media in a number of media corporate groups. Media corporate groups apply practices of conglomeration in market control with horizontal, vertical, or diagonal integrated strategy. Criticism on these practices is often expressed, but there is no assessment based on the empirical evidence on the business behavior of media conglomeration. This paper explores the characteristics of media conglomerate by reconstructing the typology of media conglomeration introduced by Richard Bounce: Concentric Conglomerates and Diversified Conglomerates, and three models by Graham Murdock: Industrial Conglomerates, Services Conglomerates and Communications Conglomerates. Six typology models of conglomerate are formed, namely (1) Industrial-Concentric; (2) Industrial-Diversified; (3) Services-Concentric; (4) Services-Diversified; (5) Communications-Concentric; (6) Communications-Diversified. The economic performance of each conglomerate group regarding market concentration and market competition in constructing the market structure of media industry is studied based on the typologies. The study finds a new typology model of media conglomerate and manages to prove that national media conglomerate still dominates the media market in Indonesia.

A typology of metropolitan labor markets in the US

Social scientists have maintained a long-standing interest in the demographic, economic, and social attributes of the US city system. However, actual assessments of the health of the nation’s 350-plus metropolitan labor markets are remarkably scarce. Using mostly online data that address current performance (e.g., unemployment rate) and recent performance change (e.g., 3-year shift in earnings), this paper provides an up-to-date labor market typology—one having 10 separate groups or clusters. Several of these metropolitan groups exhibit healthy conditions but many others exhibit mixed or poor conditions. The ensuing discussion (i) examines the different spatial distributions of those groups; (ii) shows how group membership corresponds to other notable metropolitan attributes like ambience and human capital; and (iii) clarifies how industrial specialization varies from one group to the next. Further research is needed to clarify how conditions in these local labor markets shift through time, if only to distinguish between secular and cyclical change.

Entrepreneurial Typologies in the History of Industrial Italy: Reconsiderations

The market types that were the subject of an earlier essay in the Review are resurveyed in order to examine the changes that have occurred over the past fifty years. The entrepreneurial typologies identified then–one based on a market orientation, another that relies on state support, and a third, hybrid, approach–are still valid today. The liveliest components of the modern Italian economy, which operate as a fourth type of capitalism (mainly based on industrial districts), share features of the market typology, while, in southern Italy, the state's failure to support business is linked to the rise of organized crime. The more recent hybrid type features a new kind of actor, exemplified by Silvio Berlusconi, the central figure on the Italian political scene for almost two decades.

Information Markets: A Research Landscape

Information markets are mechanisms that allow a group of geographically dispersed participants to reach and continuously reevaluate consensus by discovering the value of alternative outcomes. Evidence suggests that these markets can produce better quality decisions than a small subset of selected decision makers: a finding in direct opposition to the trust we place on expertise. In challenging and uncertain decision-making arenas, information markets offer an interesting, and somewhat counter-intuitive approach. In practice, information markets may be used in combination with other decision-making methods, but these market-based mechanisms offer many advantages. This paper presents an information market typology and explores some of the challenges raised by different market applications. Market types include event and estimation-based prediction markets, decision markets, and idea markets. An integrated research landscape model and research propositions are presented to help guide continuing research in this area.

Incidence of Market Typologies and Pattern of Marketing Activity Performance in Selected African Countries

Although product-market and state control are offered as environmental variables that udnerlie the diverstiy of the market environment of the Third World, empirical assessment of their influence is lacking. This paper therefore examines the incidence of product-market/state control market typologies in selected African countries when the two variables are coupled and also the extent to which marketing activity performance differs with respect to the product-market/state control market typologies. The study results suggest the existence of different product-market/state control market typologies in the countries studied and also differences in the pattern of marketing activity performance.

Gender Differences in Occupational Labor Market Structure

This research attempts to assess the validity of occupational labor market typologies utilized in the extant theoretical and empirical literature. Whereas previous studies only presume the general form and composition of occupational labor markets, the present study generates an empirically based typology using cluster analytic techniques. Analyses of occupational characteristics from 1970 U.S. Census Bureau data for males and females indicates occupational labor markets may be more differentiated and complex than suggested in the dual labor market literature. The findings also indicate that previous occupational labor market classification schemes have misspecified the correct labor market location of many detailed occupations. Additional analyses indicate the existence of separate and distinct occupational labor markets for males and females rather than the single isomorphic occupational structure commonly assumed in the literature.

Hidden Trade in Hausaland

There have been few attempts to study the functions of rural West African market-places in relation to the socio-economic life of the communities they serve,I and many of the questions which require propounding receive an implicit answer. Thus it is conventionally supposed that where cash percolates into every crevice of the economy, as it does in the Hausa village in northern Nigeria to which this article relates, most cash transactions involving farm produce will then necessarily occur in a market-place. No one asks what happens if the nearest market-place is inconveniently distant (as is obviously common where nucleated settlements are lacking) and few have been interested to explore such extra-market transactions between farmers as must surely commonly occur in West Africa's forest zone because of the great bulkiness of root-crops and plantain. The fast-growing literature2 on West African marketing and market-places lays increasing stress on the role of city markets,3 on the marketing of different types of produce4 and on market typology and location.5 As most of this new-style research is undertaken by economists, geographers and rural sociologists, so it is becoming distinctly old-fashioned to study 'the village market', which is thought to have been 'done already' by social anthropologists, to the extent that a stereotyped, even sentimental, image of 'the village and its market' bars the way to further investigation. Perhaps it is because most of the few wholly 'marketless areas' which have been studied happen to be either anomalous or economically backward,6 that the study of more localised 'marketlessness' has been ignored. However, it is certain that modern studies of marketing nexuses ought to be based on the much better understanding than we now possess of the great variety of functions which may, or may not, be served by the humble local market. The extreme technical difficulty of operational research in West African marketplaces has been insufficiently emphasised,7 partly accounting, as it does, for the under-development of the subject. Although, as Mintz has written, market-places are useful 'for the scholar in getting at an important aspect of the rural economy', yet: