Market System Research Articles

Transformation Of Economic System In Poland. The SMEs And EU Integration.

Brand-new economic system has been introduced in Poland two decades ago. The economic transformation from central planning to market system had no precedent and the theory of economics had not offered any complex model of such a makeover. So, we have been all learning by doing. And now, as we want to understand the process we aim at identifying both major agents and processes that were responsible for the results achieved. Without any doubt there has been at least one important agent of the transformation that could be easily recognized, namely: individual entrepreneurship. After 1989 we have been observing numerous small enterprises being established in Poland. The SMEs sector (small and medium enterprises) after half a century of centrally planned economy has been catching up with its developments. Nowadays - as in any other market economy - SMEs are important element of economic system in Poland, too. They account for 99.8 per cent of total number of enterprises, approx. half of both capital investment and value added and roughly 1/3 of exports. The following paper aims at identify the role of the SME sector in the process of reconstruction of market system in Poland after 1989. It concentrates on one special aspect of economic transformation, namely the integration with European Union on SME development potential. To set our reasoning in order we pose the subsequent questions: What is the role of SMEs sector in Polish economy? What changes of business environment has EU integration brought? What were the costs and benefits of the integration for Polish SME sector?

America's Crisis of Civic Virtue

Abstract: The world is witnessing a loss of faith in both capitalism and democracy, which seemed nearly unimaginable just a generation ago. Many blame "the other party." Others blame capitalism's flaws, as market systems increase inequality, which is inherently undemocratic—and believe the solution is to strengthen government control and weaken market forces in modern economies. This conclusion is incorrect: In fact, capitalism naturally reinforces democracy, but both are under attack by a decline in civic virtue, in the form of honesty and civility, in politics, the media, academia, and other institutions. The reestablishment of civic virtue should be our priority.

Pendampingan Pembuatan E-Commerce untuk Produk Makanan IKM Majelis Taklim Wirausaha Basthah

Majelis taklim entrepreneur Basthah is an IKM which is engaged in the manufacturing of snacks and several types of handicraft products. The women who are members of the Taklim Entrepreneurial Council Basthah are residents in the area around Jangli Permai, Semarang City. Basthah's entrepreneurial taklim council tries to help the economy of these mothers by developing small and medium-sized industries, especially in the manufacture of snacks such as donuts, chips, and other snacks, as well as some handicrafts. Marketing of these products is also still done manually, Basthah's entrepreneurial taklim assembly has not used technology assistance or can be said to be online marketing. There are several stages of the implementation method that will be used in making an online marketing system, namely the informational stage, the tool preparation stage, the mentoring and e-commerce development stage, and the report generation stage. The online marketing system is an e-commerce based website. The website uses 2 supporting applications, namely wordpress and woocommerce applications. Wordpress application to support website systems and woocommerce applications to support e-commerce systems. The e-commerce-based website will help the mothers of the majelis taklim entrepreneurs of Basthah to use e-commerce-based technology.

The Impact of Land Property Right on China’s Rural-urban Migration

The essay discusses China's transition to state ownership in urban areas and the Household Responsibility System (HRS) in rural regions. It explores how land property rights impact migration, with market mechanisms encouraging migration through land rental opportunities, while government mechanisms hinder it due to land appropriation and insecurity. Utilizing the CHARLS dataset, the study finds that income and gender consistently drive migration, with higher rent per person boosting migration in market systems and appropriation dampening it in government systems. The essay highlights the importance of delineated property rights for urbanization and economic development in China.

The Impact of Carbon Emission Trading System on ESG of Agricultural Enterprises: Evidence from 24 Listed Agricultural Companies in China

With China’s dual carbon goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the carbon emission trading system will play a crucial role. In addition, agriculture, which is closely linked to carbon emissions, is a foundational industry in China. It is worth paying attention to how it responds to carbon emission trading policies. This study uses data from agricultural listed enterprises from 2009 to 2022, and employs the Difference-in-Differences (DID) method and the intermediary effect model. The evidence suggests that the the carbon emission trading system will significantly improve the the ESG evaluation of agricultural enterprises. Furthermore, green management innovation, green total factor productivity, and CSR information disclosure quality of enterprises will act as intermediaries. The study calls for the government to accelerate the establishment of a national carbon trading market, improve reward and penalty systems, and evaluation frameworks for green innovation in agricultural enterprises. It also emphasizes the need to strengthen pre-subsidies for small-scale enterprises, encourage environmental literacy training for management personnel in agricultural enterprises, intensify green innovation efforts, and establish relevant department assessments of corporate social responsibility.

Literasi Inklusi Keuangan Digital Berbasis Ekonomi Syariah bagi Nelayan Ikan Depik (Endemik) Danau Laut Tawar

The Depik Fishermen (Rasbora Tawarensis/Lepsotoma) in Lake Laut Tawar, Central Aceh, mostly still employ traditional systems in the process of selling Depik Fish. Introduction to digital marketing is needed for Depik fishermen to market this endemic fish to the public. The aim of this community service was to increase the income of Depik fishermen in Lake Laut Tawar and to explain various digital marketing strategies suitable for increasing sales of Depik fishermen in Lake Laut Tawar. The community service method used Participatory Action Research (PAR) with interview instruments, observations, seminars, and training to obtain desired results. The results of the community service successfully introduced digital marketing systems to Depik fishermen by creating Instagram accounts, opening shops on Shopee and Online Stores. Additionally, it introduced online Sharia financial platforms besides Banks, such as Investree, Ammana – Online Sharia Loans, Online P2P Lending Loans, BSalam, and others. There were also investment platforms like Amartha.com, specializing in SMEs, Bibit with its flagship product mutual funds, and crowdfunding systems like Tani Fund. However, there were some issues such as decreasing Depik catch results due to the use of floating cages, resorts along the lake, and the presence of Hoe fishermen. As for Depik fish catches, in the first quarter of 2021 it amounted to 12.602 tons, then increased in the second quarter to 18 tons, then decreased in the third quarter to 1.444 tons and significantly decreased again in the sixth quarter to 0.031 tons.

Nested Markets and the Transition of the Agro-Marketing System towards Sustainability

We are currently witnessing a global transition (albeit slow) towards new, more sustainable models of development and consumption. This transition activates and highlights a series of discrepancies between the various actors in agri-food marketing systems, including the institutions that govern regulatory and trade aspects. These discrepancies highlight that the global agri-marketing system does not provide adequate responses to the principles of sustainability. This is due to a mixture of opportunism, information asymmetries, and ‘lock-in effects’, which create serious market failures. This, in turn, brings structural holes, in which new forms of exchange are born. We identify these as nested markets: hybrid market forms that often use new information technologies and create a new form of proximity in which reciprocity and reputation play a central role. In this article, we argue that the market is not only the place where prices and quantities are assessed. Markets are complex social spaces, where more-or-less stable relationships are formed, based on values of reciprocity and reputation that contain opportunism. This article discusses the many well-documented cases of new markets. This article argues that these new markets are characterized by a strong specificity of the resources used (that include territory, sustainability, and solidarity).

A Study on Supply Chain Analysis and Marketing Margin of Catfish Seed in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh

Aims: This study examined the supply chain and marketing margin of catfish seed in selected areas of the Mymensingh district. The objectives include analyzing supply chain management, marketing margins of catfish seed production, and identifying the challenges in production and marketing systems. Study Design: This study used a quantitative approach with a questionnaire data collection method. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were taken from four upazilas of Mymensingh district- Gouripur, Trishal, Mymensingh Sadar, and Muktagacha. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews between mid-September and mid-October in 2019. Methodology: The sample size was 120 including 30 catfish seed farmers, 30 paikers, 30 wholesalers, and 30 retailers. This study employed supply chain analysis, net return and net marketing margin analysis, and descriptive statistics. Results: The study found that retailers had the highest net marketing margin of 1664 Bangladeshi Taka (Tk.) (15.21 US Dollars) for 10 kg spawn, while paikers earned the highest margin of Tk. 11148 (101.93 US Dollars) for 100,000 pieces of fingerling. The annual net return per acre from spawn production in hatcheries was Tk. 9,469,097 (86580.71 US Dollars), and from fingerling production in nurseries was Tk. 455,783 (4167.45 US Dollars). Conclusion: The research indicated that catfish seed farms with hatcheries were more profitable than those with nurseries. Hatchery owners, nursery owners, and traders faced significant problems in their operations, such as a lack of information on quality seed, higher input prices and price fluctuations, non-availability of various inputs, and poor communication systems. Based on the result, recommendations were made to support the development of catfish seed farms and traders as a promising sector in agribusiness.

Practical Marketing System as a Solution to Limited Labor and Post-Harvest Processing Areas for Rice

The majority of rice farmers in Denpasar City chose a practical marketing system, this system implements rice sales based on estimated production results. Farmers generally sell their produce when the rice is approaching harvest time. The buyer determines the purchase price for rice by estimating the number of transaction objects after carefully observing and viewing the rice to be harvested. With this system, farmers no longer need to think about the availability of labor to harvest, transport the harvest home, dry the grain until it reaches a certain level of dryness. The novelty of this research is conducting in-depth research on the practice of buying and selling rice using a practical marketing system in Denpasar City. This research will also examine in depth the practical marketing system from two sides, namely from the perspective of farmers and buyers. The results of this research reveal that the practice of buying and selling rice using a practical marketing system in Denpasar City involves farmers as sellers and buyers who are usually called penebas. The reason why farmers choose a practical marketing system is that this system is considered more profitable for farmers with all the limitations of farming in urban areas, where farmers only need to care for the rice they plant until it is ready to harvest.

Boundary Interweaving: The Boundary-Making Strategy for Multicultural Coexistence in Marketing Systems

Multicultural interactions bring individuals from varied cultural backgrounds together, leading to situations that either foster or impede social cohesion. This issue is critical as social cohesion significantly influences quality-of-life (QOL), which, together with marketing systems, forms the core of macromarketing. Our research contributes by introducing “boundary interweaving” – a novel concept in boundary-making strategy that aims to improve QOL and cultural well-being within marketing systems. Boundary interweaving is a process wherein two or more cultural boundaries interweave together to create a new, unique cultural boundary. Integrating marketing systems and boundary-making theories, this study on ethnic minority marketing shifts from the traditional single-level focus to explore multi-level interactions among market actors. Employing discourse analysis of a documentary and news articles, particularly focusing on food narratives from wet markets and adjacent hawker stalls, we examine interactions between market actors consisting of government, politicians, mass media, sellers, and consumers. Our findings reveal that interactions among market actors exemplify boundary interweaving within the realms of space, language, and foodways. Rather than delineating us and them among different ethnic groups, this paper demonstrates that joint efforts by market actors across macro-, meso-, and microlevels can facilitate the integration, social inclusion and coexistence of diverse ethnic cultures within the marketing system. Boundary interweaving fosters cultural well-being, promotes a sense of belonging and facilitates social cohesion among different ethnic groups. This study highlights the influence of culture on the functioning, growth, and evolution of a marketing system.

The Impact of Carbon Emissions Trading on the Total Factor Productivity of China’s Electric Power Enterprises—An Empirical Analysis Based on the Differences-in-Differences Model

Based on the panel data of China’s listed electric power enterprises, this paper adopts the differences-in-differences model to empirically analyze the pilot policy of carbon emissions trading’s impact on the total factor productivity of power enterprises in 2013. The study finds that the carbon trading pilot policy has a significant positive effect on the total factor productivity of power companies, and the two possible impact mechanisms are external cost compensation and additional income, and internal low-carbon technology innovation and resource allocation optimization. The conclusions above have been further confirmed by the parallel trend test and robustness test. The heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that there are differences in the regression results between state-owned enterprises and nonstate-owned enterprises. The possible reason is that state-owned enterprises are more likely to be affected by the carbon emissions trading system, and their asset-heavy model puts greater pressure on carbon emission reduction. Therefore, their demand for low-carbon technology innovation is more urgent; areas with stricter carbon emission verification are more sensitive to the implementation of carbon trading, and a reasonable increase in carbon verification can make the carbon trading market more effective. Based on the research results, this paper proposes to speed up the improvement of the national carbon trading market system, enhance the diversity and richness of the main market, improve the liquidity of the carbon trading market, broaden financing channels for electric power enterprises, and improve the carbon market supervision mechanism.

The Evolution and Investigation of Markets, Macromarketing and Systems: A Special Issue in Honor of Roger Layton

Roger Layton (1934–2021) spent his career investigating (macro)marketing systems. He left macromarketing a canon of research on the development of provisioning systems that will serve as the foundation for many scholars to come. The following commentaries and papers honour Roger Layton with a special issue of the Journal of Macromarketing on the Evolution and Investigation of Markets, Macromarketing and Systems.

Perencanaan Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Menggunakan Formulasi Matrik SWOT dan Metode QSPM

This study aims to formulate appropriate marketing strategy planning alternatives through analyzing the approach of internal factors and external factors as an effort to face competitors from Aulia Jambi Toothpick Chips. The sampling method in this study was purposive sampling, so that the total sample obtained was 30 respondents consisting of 5 from internal, namely the management of the Aulia Toothpick Chips factory employees and 25 from external, namely consumers. The analysis method used in this research is SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats) through an internal and external factor approach with the calculation of the IFE and EFE matrix table analysis and the QSPM method. The results of IFE internal factors and EFE external factors, obtained a Strength value of 2.08 and Weaknesess of 1.08 while the Opportunities value is 1.92 and Threats is 1.38. Based on the results of the calculation of the analysis quadrant diagram using the IFE and EFE approaches, it can be concluded that the x, y axes are at the Quadrant I point, so the strategy that must be applied in this condition is to support aggressive growth policies (Growth Oriented Strategy). So that the right alternative strategy for Aulia's Toothpick Chips MSME players is the S-O (Strength-Opportunities) strategy. The S-O (Strength-Opportunities) strategy, which is referred to as an aggressive growth strategy, is through the use of digital marketing for the marketing system, providing special offers and maintaining product quality.

Financial Comparison Analysis of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Processed Fisheries During the Pandemic and New Normal in Makassar City

This study aims to determine the income received, business feasibility and Marketing System for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Processed Fisheries during the Pandemic and New Normal in the city of Makassar. This research was carried out in December 2021. The sampling method used was the Purposive Sampling method with the following criteria, those who were actively producing during the pandemic and New Normal had employees, who processed and marketed processed fishery products, had a place of business and business support infrastructure. and willing to be interviewed. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data and then analyzed using cost and income analysis as well as business financial analysis. Fishery Processed Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Makassar City experienced changes or increases starting from the total costs used, revenues and profits obtained during the COVID-19 pandemic to the New normal period. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fishery-processed Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Makassar City is 13% of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises that are not producing during the COVID-19 pandemic, which means the business is experiencing losses or not getting a profit and only 87% of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are producing during the COVID-19 pandemic, which means the business is profitable. New normal, all Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are starting to return to production so that their businesses again have profits and the production process is in accordance with the processing in their business. The feasibility level of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises processing fisheries during the COVID-19 pandemic and the New normal COVID-19 in Makassar City shows the criteria R/C > 1, which means that the business being run is profitable or the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises processed fisheries in Makassar City are feasible.

Exploring Large Language Model for Graph Data Understanding in Online Job Recommendations

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks, demonstrating their exceptional capabilities in various domains. However, their potential for graph semantic mining in job recommendations remains largely unexplored. This paper focuses on unveiling the capability of large language models in understanding behavior graphs and leveraging this understanding to enhance recommendations in online recruitment, including promoting out-of-distribution (OOD) applications. We present a novel framework that harnesses the rich contextual information and semantic representations provided by large language models to analyze behavior graphs and uncover underlying patterns and relationships. Specifically, we propose a meta-path prompt constructor that aids LLM recommender in grasping the semantics of behavior graphs for the first time and design a corresponding path augmentation module to alleviate the prompt bias introduced by path-based sequence input. By facilitating this capability, our framework enables personalized and accurate job recommendations for individual users. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on comprehensive real-world datasets and demonstrate its ability to improve the relevance and quality of recommended results. This research not only sheds light on the untapped potential of large language models but also provides valuable insights for developing advanced recommendation systems in the recruitment market. The findings contribute to the growing field of natural language processing and offer practical implications for enhancing job search experiences.

Housing production and the structural transformation of China’s real estate development industry

This study examines the relationship between housing production and the structural transformations that have taken place in China’s real estate development industry. It first identifies how the industry has changed since the early 2000s and what factors were driving those changes. It shows that the industry became increasingly concentrated prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, with large firms accounting for a growing share of the country’s housing production. This was mostly due to the advantages large firms enjoy in China, such as access to low-cost capital, an open land market system, and the use of pre-sale business practices. Yet an empirical analysis of 35 major Chinese cities shows that local housing production remained largely decentralized, a result of China’s rapidly rising land cost that discouraged local industry concentration. The study then discusses what these findings mean for the Chinese housing markets, with particular attention to how the pandemic has exposed the risks associated with China’s real estate industry organization.

Scientific Research on socio-economic characteristics of farmers and their problems: A Study in Regulated Market of Balasore District.

The two main avenues via which agricultural produce is gathered, distributed, and resold in rural India are the regulated markets set up by the State Governments and the sporadic marketplaces that have developed naturally and are unregulated. Under the auspices of extensive regulations that have been formulated and amended periodically by the corresponding state Agricultural Produce Marketing Regulation Act, agricultural produce market committees have been established to promote equitable trade. Since their inception, regulated markets have assisted in reducing market disadvantages; yet, the competitive market structure was not well-foreseen by their legal framework. In an environment of liberalized trade, this paves the way for the market committee to become more manageable and sustainable. Given the dependence of other sectors on agriculture, India has viewed it as a valuable tool for economic progress.The regulated markets are regarded as accountable establishments that carry out all the tasks associated with the selling of products while considering the interests of all final consumers as a whole. The current paper highlights Indian agriculture, with a particular emphasis on the regulated agricultural marketing system and its development, status, and prospects. The report also emphasizes the difficulties and impact of a regulated market on farmers' socioeconomic standing. At the study's conclusion, a number of restrictions that either directly or indirectly impacted the farmers' socioeconomic standing were mentioned. To comprehend the link between the dependent and independent variables, a variety of statistical methods were employed. To arrive at the ultimate outcome, an ex post facto research design was mostly employed.

Market equilibrium with strategic pricing and strategic constraints in renewable energy: the role of private energy storage

With the increasing prevalence of renewable energy (RE) companies equipped with private energy storage (ES) systems, a dual capability emerges to offer strategic pricing and strategic constraints in market competition. Specifically, these RE companies can strategically leverage their own private ESs to modulate the variability of RE output limits and introduce modified constraints within the market. To examine these new strategic behaviors and the resulting market equilibria, we introduce an innovative bilevel strategic behavior model. The upper level of the model delineates the strategy for RE profit maximization through the imposition of strategic constraints and pricing schemes, while the lower level calculates the revenue outcomes for all entities in the day-ahead energy market clearing. The integration of the bilevel models from all strategic entities leads to the formulation of a new equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints (EPEC), the solution of which indicates a novel market equilibrium. The impacts of these market equilibria on critical system operation metrics are then evaluated across two representative market mechanisms. Our numerical experiments reveal that RE exhibits low sensitivity to the private ES’s cost, suggesting that the behavior of imposing strategic constraints may be widespread among RE companies owning private ESs. Furthermore, the introduction of strategic constraints enhances the competitiveness of RE, significantly affecting social welfare, energy pricing, and RE integration rate. The study concludes with insights that could inform practical market transactions and system operations.

Technology has Agency too! Disentangling Technology's Causal and Structural Agency in a Service System

This study explores how technology attains agency in a service system. By applying a systems view through the lenses of service-dominant logic and actor-network theory (ANT), we clarify and conceptualize resource and agency forms for a technology as it connects with other actors in a network as part of the value cocreation process. We conduct a qualitative study to explore a technology's role (i.e., VR-tours) in the residential real estate market. We find that VR-tour technology gains causal agency through others’ connection to and reliance on the technology. As value is determined, there is potential for structural agency, where it cocreates and transforms valuations, influencing actors to renegotiate their roles and practices and enabling value destabilization in the marketing system. Theoretical and macromarketing implications are discussed.

Falsification of registration of organizations and registration of rights to securities in domestic criminal law

The article deals with the genesis of domestic criminal legislation on liability for distortion of accounting register information about legal entities and securities (Art. 1701 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The relevance of the topic is due to the lack of scientific research in the field of the noted encroachment. The main task is to search for and study criminal-legal norms ensuring the reliability of the mentioned information. Based on formal-legal and historical-legal methods of research it is concluded that the required criminal-legal norms in the pre-revolutionary period were absent, and there was a gap in the part of protection of the reliability of the register of securities owners, which was not filled until 2010. For the first time since the introduction of the registration of organizations in the Soviet period the submission of inaccurate information for this purpose was considered a crime (Art. 90, 226b of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1922, Art. 187 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1926). At the present stage of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation initially prohibited only the submission of false or distorted information, preventing fictitious registration in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities of business entities (part 1 of Art. 171), and only since the middle of 2010 (with an addition in 2018) and to this day the reliability of information of the accounting system of the securities market and registration data on all legal entities in the country has been put under the protection of the criminal law against falsification and distortion (Art.1701).