Market Search Research Articles

Technology ventures' engagement of external actors in the search for viable market applications: On the relevance of Technology Broadcasting and Systematic Validation

In order to succeed, technology ventures need to find a profitable market application for their technology. Although external market actors may provide important information for the identification and validation of potential technology-market combinations, it remains largely unclear how technology ventures can involve them in this process. Building on insights from organizational search literature, this study follows five university spin-offs trying to commercialize early-stage technologies. We find that ventures are cognitively constrained in proactively identifying and approaching external market actors. Interestingly, the better performing ventures in our sample engage in a previously undocumented market search process we label Technology Broadcasting. They communicate their technological competencies to a broad range of market actors and react to these actors' assessment and spontaneous expressions of interest, thereby overcoming their own cognitive constraints. Resource constraints require filtering these expressions of interest through Systematic Validation with additional market players. These results complement the existing insights on market search by entrepreneurial ventures and advance the literature on organizational search.

Countercyclical Fluctuations in Uncertainty are Endogenous

This paper uses a battery of calibrated and estimated structural models to determine the causal drivers of the negative correlation between output and aggregate uncertainty. We find the transmission of uncertainty shocks to output is weak, while aggregate uncertainty endogenously responds to first moment shocks in the presence of labor market search frictions. This indicates that countercyclical movements in aggregate uncertainty are endogenous responses to changes in output, rather than exogenous impulses. A vector autoregression on simulated data shows recursive identification techniques do not robustly identify structural uncertainty shocks.

Ultra-Processed Profits: The Political Economy of Countering the Global Spread of Ultra-Processed Foods - A Synthesis Review on the Market and Political Practices of Transnational Food Corporations and Strategic Public Health Responses.

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) and Ultra-processed beverage (UPB) consumption is associated with higher risks of numerous non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Yet global consumption of these products is rising due to profound changes in production, processing, manufacturing, marketing, retail, and consumption practices, alongside the growth of the resources and political influence of Big Food. Whilst the sales of UPFs and UPBs in high-income countries (HICs) are stagnating, sales are rapidly expanding in more populous middle-income countries (MICs). In this paper, we adopt a political economy of food systems approach to understand how growth of Big Food in MICs drives the NCD pandemic. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods synthesis review. This involved quantitative data collection and development of descriptive statistics; a search for academic, market and grey literature on the expansion of UPF in MICs; and the development of themes, three illustrative case examples (South Africa, Colombia, and Indonesia), and synthesis of the enablers of successful campaigns in MICs into recommendations for public health campaigns. Results: We project that the combined sales volume of UPFs in MICs will reach equivalency with HICs by 2024, and the total sales volume of UPBs in MICs is already significantly higher than in HICs. Similarly, annual growth in UPF sales is higher in MICs compared to HICs. We also show how Big Food has entrenched its presence within MICs through establishing global production and hyper-local distribution networks, scaling up its marketing, challenging government policies and scientific expertise, and co-opting civil society. We argue that public health can counter the influence of Big Food by developing an expanded global network of driven and passionate people with diverse skillsets, and advocating for increased government leadership. Conclusion: The projected increase in sales of UPFs and UPBs in MICs raises major concerns about the global capacity to prevent and treat NCDs.

Cyclicality of labour market search: a new big data approach

This paper exploits big data on online activity from the job exchange of the German Federal Employment Agency and its internal placement-software to generate measures for search activity of employers and job seekers and—as a novel feature—for placement activity of employment agencies. In addition, the average search perimeter in the job seekers’ search profiles can be measured. The data are used to estimate the behaviour of the search and placement activities during the business and labour market cycle and their seasonal patterns. The results show that the search activities of firms and employment agencies are procyclical. By contrast, job seekers’ search intensity shows a countercyclical pattern, at least before the COVID-19 crisis.

PEMANFAATAN DIGITAL MARKETING BAGI USAHA MIKRO, KECIL, DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) DI KELURAHAN RENON KECAMATAN DENPASAR SELATAN, BALI

Digital marketing is a promotional activity and market search through digital media online by utilizing various means such as social networking. The purpose of this research is to increase knowledge and skills about digital marketing, especially social media, for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) business people to increase their sales and profits. Attended by UMKM participants from Renon Village, South Denpasar District, Bali, the methods used in this activity were; first, an explanation using a power point slide and an LCD projector; second, sharing experiences and discussions; and finally, the direct practice of creating social media accounts (Facebook and Instagram) and how to make them attractive to buyers (images, words, stories, etc.). The results show that some business actors are actively using social media as their promotional tool and they have not separated their online store accounts from their personal accounts, some other people use them occasionally, and the rest of the participants never use social media marketing due to a lack of technology skills. All participants showed great interest in using social media marketing on a continuous basis.

In search of angels: the first bucket of gold for entrepreneurs

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the allocation of the exit value of a start-up company in market equilibrium between an angel investor and an entrepreneur in the very early-stage financing market.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical model is established based on the two-sided random search theory and the model’s ability to match the empirical data is evaluated via simulation.FindingsThe model indicates that the allocation of the final investment outcome is not proportional to the initial investments by the angel investor and the entrepreneur. The simulation results show that the continued investment by the entrepreneur and the private benefit acquired by the angel investor have a more profoundly negative influence on the angel investor’s share of the exit value of the start-up company. Moreover, the market search structure represented by the matching probability of an angel investor to an entrepreneur has a more significant impact on the angel investor’s share than the other model parameters.Originality/valueThe importance of market search friction in the very early-stage financing market is emphasized. The concepts of continued investments and private benefits are introduced and quantified for the first time under the framework of angel investment. The impacts of such model parameters as the matching probability of an angel investor to an entrepreneur, the success rate of a start-up company, the bargaining power of an angel investor and the discount rate on the allocation of the exit value of the start-up company are investigated as well.

Methodological aspects of the anthropometric assessment in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019): a population-based household survey

The article presents methodological aspects of anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in children under five years of age and their biological mothers. It discusses the strategies used for training and data collection in the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). ENANI-2019 is a population-based household survey conducted in 123 municipalities in Brazil's 26 states and the Federal District. The anthropometric measurements were body mass and length/stature. The equipment was purchased according to its measurement capacity and precision, portability, and cost-benefit ratio after an extensive market search. The study used internationally established procedures described in manuals, videos, and support material developed for the study by a group of experts. The interviewers were trained to perform the anthropometric measurements and were assessed according to technical measurement error, which was considered adequate (0.30cm) for the children's length/stature measurements. Measurement errors were identified, and the interviewers were retrained when necessary. Of the 14,558 children in the sample, body mass and length/stature measurements were taken in duplicate in 13,835 and 13,693 children, respectively. The standardized methodological aspects will be helpful in future population studies and were essential for obtaining greater reliability in the data for generating current evidence on the anthropometric assessment of the nutritional status of Brazilian children under five years of age, allowing new perspectives for public policy development.

Canadian Labour Market Dynamics During COVID-19

The Canadian labour market experienced a period of unprecedented turmoil following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze the main changes using standard labour force statistics and new data on job postings. Envisaging a phase of temporary severing of employment relationships followed by a phase of more standard labour market search and matching, we use stock and flow data to understand key developments. We find dramatic changes in employment, unemployment and labour market attachment in 2020 and, looking forward to 2021, signs of an unusual recovery with co-existing strong labour demand and stubborn persistence in depressed employment rates.

Análisis de los productos turísticos: caso Península de Santa Elena, Ecuador

The Santa Elena Peninsula (PSE as peer abbreviation in Spanish) is a coastal tourist destination in Ecuador. It has a variety of attractions that have not been fully analyzed as tourist products. It needs analysis and evaluation, in as much as it is a part of the "Coast World" destination that is promoted by the country at international markets. The research has a qualitative focus; it uses secondary sources as well as the SWOT analysis tool. This tool permits distinguishing variables that define the tourism product portfolio which is offered by the Santa Elena Peninsula. It is concluded that it is difficult to avoid typecasting the PSE as a Sun and Beach destination. This makes it hard to adapt new tourism products; there is but poor publicity management and low natural and cultural resource valuation; tourism product structuring is inadequate, which affects new market search.

Commercial Real Estate Market with Two-sided Random Search: Theory and Implications

ABSTRACT In this paper, we set up a two-sided random search model to study the trading behaviour between buyers and sellers in the commercial real estate market. Our model shows that the interaction between search and bargaining has a profound influence on the role played by the market search friction regarding the equilibrium transaction price of commercial property and the well-being of both buyers and sellers. Against the traditional view that the existence of search friction always plays a negative role in the commercial real estate market, we find that under some conditions the market search friction can increase the equilibrium transaction price of commercial property and thus benefit sellers, which is considered the most valuable especially during the downturn of a business cycle.

BATI VE KUZEY AFRİKA ÜLKELERİNDE PAZAR ARAYIŞLARI VE STRATEJİ GELİŞTİRME: BİR TÜRK AİLE İŞLETMESİ TECRÜBESİ

This study aims to reveal the situation of small-scale family businesses that are looking for a market in Western and North African countries and want to realize their growth strategies in this region, and to develop solutions for their growth problems. For this purpose, the market development stages of the selected ABC Company were evaluated within the scope of action research. One of the researchers worked in the company within the scope of UPEP (Üniversiteden Pazar Elçiliğine Projesi -From University to the Market Ambassador Project) in the field to conduct action research, while the other researcher supervised the process academically. Inherent in action research is an approach to find a solution to the problem of the unit that is the subject of the research. The researchers analyzed the market search and development strategies of the company subject to the research and seek solutions for their growth problems. As a result of the research, it is concluded that the example ABC Company, which wants to be effective in these markets, will follow the stage model while opening up to international markets, and will be more effective in terms of penetration into the market. The literature that this result is suitable for small-scale family businesses that are in search of similar support has been supported.

Labor market search, informality, and on-the-job human capital accumulation

We develop a search and matching model where firms and workers produce output that depends both on match-specific productivity and worker-specific human capital. The human capital is accumulated while working but depreciates while searching for a job. Jobs can be formal or informal. The model is estimated on labor market data for Mexico. Human capital accumulation is responsible for more than half of the overall value of production, and upgrades more quickly while working formally than informally. Policy experiments reveal that human capital accumulation magnifies the negative impact on productivity of the labor market institutions that give rise to informality.

Equilibrium Labor Market Search and Health Insurance Reform

We present and empirically implement an equilibrium labor market search model where risk averse workers facing medical expenditure shocks are matched with firms making health insurance coverage decisions. Our model delivers a rich set of predictions that can account for a wide variety of phenomenon observed in the data including the correlations among firm sizes, wages, health insurance offering rates, turnover rates and workers' health compositions. We estimate our model by Generalized Method of Moments using a combination of micro data sources including Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Employer Health Insurance Survey. We use our estimated model to evaluate the equilibrium impact of the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) and find that it would reduce the uninsured rate among the workers in our estimation sample from 20.12% to 7.27%. We also examine a variety of alternative policies to understand the roles of different components of the ACA in contributing to these equilibrium changes. Interestingly, we find that the uninsured rate will be even lower (at 6.44%) if the employer mandate in the ACA is eliminated.

IDENTIFICATION OF SALT DEVELOPMENT PROBLEM : A PRELIMINARY ON UNDERSTANDING LOCAL SALT PROBLEM IN INDONESIA

Salt is a strategic commodity that needs to be maintained. The salt problem has not resolved, so it is necessary to find the right solution for salt development. The study was carried out in Sampang Regency as a salt-producing area which was proposed for salt approval and formulated a policy for salt development. The research method used is the DPSIR method (Driving Power /; Pressure; State; Impact; Response). The main problems with developing salt are the impartiality of local salt prices, the supply chain system, changes in pond function, climate uncertainty, and inadequate infrastructure. Efforts must be made to develop salt are the modernization of the production process, controlled of salt price regulations, market search, improvement of human resources and structuring of supporting facilities for salt production should be carried out.

Analisis Risiko pada UKM Tahu Takwa Kediri terhadap Dampak Pandemi COVID-19

The Pandemic of COVID-19 and social restriction policy (PSBB) in Indonesia caused a lot of impacts, one of them is Tofu Takwa SMEs in Kediri. This condition disrupts production activities up to marketing. Then it takes a risk analysis by looking at the main potential risks that arise while pandemic like this and do manage to get a strategy for their business sustainability. This research aims to analyze and manage the main risks that occur in Tofu Takwa SMEs in Kediri. The results showed that there are 3 risks in a high level like decrease of the income, decrease in production amount and increase the price of raw materials and 1 risk in middle level like late in delivery raw material so that it can be done by financial strategy, resize, search for a new market with social media and cooperate with the local government to help the marketing of social service programs.

Liquidity events and VC-backed academic spin-offs: The role of search alliances

Despite the emergent importance of liquidity events (IPOs and trade sales) as performance indicators for VC-backed academic spin-offs, empirical research on the drivers of liquidity events relating to such spin-offs has been limited. In adopting a search perspective, we analyze how different alliance types impact on VC-backed academic spin-offs’ chances of realizing a liquidity event. We find that market search alliances increase a spin-off's likelihood of a liquidity event, whereas technology search alliances reduce this likelihood. However, the latter effect is mitigated when the spin-off has a founding team with prior market experience. We explore the implications for practice and policy of the development and success of VC-backed academic spin-offs.

Hunting for Talent: Firm-Driven Labor Market Search in America

Research suggests that increased digitization of the labor market combined with the changing demand for skill has altered the job-search process. In this article, we argue that these changes have led to increased investments in firm-driven search for talent (or `outbound recruiting'). We investigate this question using two data sets, one new. First, we conduct a nationally representative survey of over 13,000 American workers. We find that nearly 18 percent of all employed workers in the US were hired into their present company by the outbound recruiting effort their employer, either directly or through labor market intermediaries such as a headhunter. The share of hiring driven by firm-driven search is greatest among higher-income workers, at 20.3 percent, and those with STEM and business degrees, at 20 percent. Moreover, considerable regional variation exists. For example, over a quarter of Silicon Valley workers are hired in this manner, whereas only 14.5% of those in Rochester are. Second, we complement our worker-level results by analyzing a large sample of job postings in the US economy over the past decade. We find that firms, especially those relying on high-skilled labor, are increasingly developing capabilities to better hunt for talent — hiring more recruiters with skill in online search. Given the growth of this practice, we discuss implications for research on firm strategy and labor markets.

Unemployment flows, participation, and the natural rate of unemployment: Evidence from turkey

We use a parsimonious unobserved components model with flow rates to estimate a time-varying unemployment rate trend for Turkey. Our approach is grounded in the modern theory of labor market search. This trend estimate yields a level that the unemployment rate would converge to in the absence of cyclical shocks that move different flow rates away from their underlying trends. By the end of 2018, the unemployment rate trend for Turkey stood at 12 percent, gradually increasing since the end of the global recession. The key drivers of the unemployment rate trend have been rising separation and unemployment exit rate trends in the first decade of our sample period. Since 2012, these trends have stagnated somewhat, but the labor force participation rate has continued trending up.

Staffing search and recruitment of personnel on the basis of artificial intelligence technologies

The key reasons for the transformation of the domestic labor market and the grounds for changing approaches to the formation of staffing are identified. The development of technological solutions to automate the functions of attracting applicants and the primary diagnosis of their suitability to the requirements of the position and organization are presented. A comparative analysis of the possibilities provided by technological solutions for automated search and attracting candidates is given. The problem of search specialization and interaction with the target audience is highlighted. The description of the technological solution for work with the expanded market offer on the basis of point response to information on the offer of a new working place is offered. The article describes the content of the technology and presents a new algorithm for the domestic market search and work with the target audience. Intelligent search and evaluation of the suitability of the applicant in the new technological solution is based on the information trail left by the person in the network.

Labor market search, endogenous disasters and the equity premium puzzle

The present paper investigates: (i) the endogenous disaster mechanism in a textbook search-and-matching model when calibrated with a constant flow value of unemployment that is close to average labor productivity and (ii) its contribution to solve the equity premium puzzle.I offer a simple explanation for the core of the disaster mechanism: the lower bound—say Xkink—on the annuitized costs the firm incurs from investing in a match lies sufficiently close to the body of productivity’s distribution. If labor productivity drops close to, or even below Xkink for consecutive periods, the firm’s annuitized share in expected future productivity of a worker can either only barely, or even no longer at all break even the annuitized lower bound of the costs the firm faces. Vacancies become unprofitable and the economy quickly enters a downward spiral. The core of the mechanism relies critically on an unreasonably high and constant flow value of unemployment. Disasters disappear entirely for slightly smaller or procyclical values and the effects cannot be compensated by empirically plausible adjustments of the model’s remaining parameters.While the model can generate a sizeable equity premium combined with a small risk-free rate if the flow value of unemployment is large and constant and if the coefficient of relative risk aversion and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution are both high, premia again collapse by an order of magnitude in the versions of the model without disasters.