Product Market Research Articles

КЛАСТЕРНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ФАКТОРОВ ВЛИЯНИЯ НА МОЛОЧНОПРОДУКТОВЫЙ ПОДКОМПЛЕКС АПК

The paper analyzes the dairy subcomplex of the agroindustrial complex using k-means; stakeholders can identify individual periods with similar characteristics in the dairy industry, which helps develop targeted strategies to increase production efficiency, market distribution and sustainability. Using Jamovi software and its snowCluster and factoextra modules, two clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (2004-2021) has lower milk production and fewer cows but higher imports, indicating dependence on imports due to smaller herd sizes or less efficient farming. Cluster 2 (1995-2003) shows higher production and livestock of cows but lower imports and exports, which indicates self-sufficiency or export orientation. Cluster 1's dependence on imports may lead to economic vulnerability and changes in consumer preferences, which will require policies to stimulate local production. On the contrary, cluster 2, characterized by domestic production and market stability, could focus on sustainable practices, developing the export market and adapting to consumer trends. Understanding these clusters is crucial for the development of individual strategies in the field of agricultural policy, market development and sustainable development.

Impact of product market competition on the overconfidence cash holdings relationship in Chinese firms

Traditional Confucian and hierarchical cultures in China often lead managers to become overconfident and hold more cash, which negatively impacts enterprise development. Therefore, in China, the mitigation of excess cash holdings among overconfident managers is worthy of further research. This study examines the effects of manager overconfidence on corporate cash holdings using data from 922 Chinese listed companies and totals 6849 observations. This study is based on a quantitative analysis approach using the Fixed Effects Model and Generalised Method of Moments. The empirical data indicate that manager overconfidence is positively associated with cash holdings. Furthermore, product market competition mitigates the direct correlation between managerial overconfidence and cash holdings. Finally, the impact was particularly noticeable for small and non-state-owned enterprises. This study draws on China's Confucian and hierarchical cultures to explain why overconfident managers tend to hold more cash and offers a different perspective on how product market competition affects the abovementioned relationship. This research enhances the understanding of managerial overconfidence and its economic repercussions and also contributes to the effect of product market competition on the corporate governance of Chinese listed companies.

Shrimp Depots: Quality Management Practices and Strategic Approaches in Bangladesh

This study provides valuable insights into the sustainability of shrimp farming and supply chain practices in Bangladesh by focusing on quality management practices in shrimp depots across Paikgacha, Dacope, and Chokoria locations. Using qualitative interviews, surveys, and on-site observations, this study evaluates quality control measures focusing on procurement, processing, storage, product management, and record maintenance in shrimp depots. The depots typically maintained separate storage for shrimp and ice, with significant variability in capacity. The quality of the procured shrimp was assessed through visual and tactile inspections, with common contaminants including ‘push’ (adulterated shrimp), wood, and metal. The competition among depots was intense and driven by the need to secure stable shrimp supplies amid frequent shortages. The hygiene and sanitary conditions varied, with Paikgacha generally showing higher compliance with standards compared to Dacope and Chokoria. The record-keeping practices for shrimp sources were inconsistent, with most depots being unable to trace the exact origins of the purchased shrimp. The study reveals the complex dynamics of shrimp quality management practices in the depots. It highlights areas for improvement that can foster more sustainable and responsible practices in the shrimp industry. These improvements benefit the environment, the economy, and society at large, ensuring product quality and market competitiveness.

Does product market competition affect corporate waste management? International evidence

We investigate the impact of product market competition (PMC) on corporate waste generation and Recycling. Analysing a global sample of 42 countries from 2002 to 2020, we find a positive (negative) association between the PMC and corporate waste generation (Recycling). Our channel analysis reveals that PMC diminishes both a company's profitability and cash flow, leading to lower waste management (Recycling). In further analysis, we demonstrate that the positive effect of PMC on waste generation is more prominent in financially constrained firms. Our study provides novel evidence of the consequential impact of competition on sustainability initiatives and presents important policy implications for regulators.

Dynamics of Buyer Populations in Fresh Product Markets

Dynamics of Buyer Populations in Fresh Product Markets

Big data analysis and its impact on the marketing industry: a systematic review

This systematic review focused on understanding the impact of big data on marketing productivity, following the guidelines of systematic literature reviews and using the PICOC (problem/population, intervention, comparison, results, context) method. 50 high-impact articles were selected in Scopus, prioritizing those in the areas of engineering, computer science and business, and published between 2020 and 2023. These articles, selected for their relevance and contribution to the study objectives, showed that the big data offers notable benefits in the marketing industry. The ability to customize marketing strategies to individual customer needs, improved optimization, and a better understanding of customer behaviors and preferences were key aspects. These findings highlight how big data can boost productivity in marketing, strengthening customer relationships and increasing loyalty by improving understanding and adaptation to the specific demands and preferences of each customer. This deeper, more personalized approach to consumers represents a significant shift in the effectiveness and efficiency of marketing strategies in the current era.

Antitrust Legislation and Product Market Internationalization: Evidence from Emerging Market SMEs

Antitrust Legislation and Product Market Internationalization: Evidence from Emerging Market SMEs

The impact of trade liberalization on firms’ product and labor market power

Abstract This paper examines the impact of trade liberalization on firms’ product and labor market power. We estimate the prevalence and intensity of price-cost markups and either wage markups or wage markdowns, taking the dependence between these model-consistent measures of product and labor market power into account. Exploiting reductions in tariffs upon China’s World Trade Organization accession, we find that trade liberalization has not switched firms away from exercising product and labor market power. Reducing input tariffs has widened price-cost markups, narrowed wage markdowns, and widened wage markups at the firm level. We reveal heterogeneous trade liberalization effects on the intensity of firms’ product and labor market power.

Issues of Improving Expense Tracking and Calculating Prime Cost in Agriculture

Objectives : This article is devoted to the consideration of the issues of cost accounting and cost calculation in agriculture. In addition, the article highlights the issues of the correct distribution of costs by cost items and objects, as well as the correct calculation of the cost of Uzbekistan's products. In addition, Uzbekistan is an agrarian country, so the article presents suggestions and recommendations for improving the accounting of costs and production costs in agriculture. Previous studies in this area conducted in other parts of the world indicate a direct relationship between the indicators of production costs and market indicators; however, based on the features of Uzbekistan, it may be different, given the accounting policy and the specifics of agricultural costs. Methods: A linear regression method to determine the impact of costs and methods of calculating the cost of production was used. Costs are divided into variables and constants. Based on the features of agriculture, simple, advanced, and regulatory methods are used. Each of these methods is associated with variables and regresses individually for each type of agricultural product. Findings: Our results confirm that there are some methods of calculating the cost of production of farms. The results also indicate that the correct determination of the cost of production affects the profitability of these farms. The results obtained indicate that the calculation of the cost of agriculture is an indicator of the profitability of farms in Uzbekistan in the short term. The impact of the change in the cost of agricultural products influences profitability, in the end on profit; as it influences the prices of sales of products in the end affect the financial performance of farms. Novelty: The impact of the cost of agricultural products on the profitability of farms is becoming more important than ever before since the negative externalities of cost changes affect the financial performance of farms. Keywords: Farms, Expenses, Cost, Product cost, Accounting register

Sourcing Channel Decision in the Presence of Platform Encroachment with Quantity Competition

The decision of sourcing channels is a critical strategy for online retail platforms (ORs) when they encroach into the product market of the third-party retailers (3PRs). Whether the products of the OR are provided by the common supplier or the one different from that of the 3PR leads to different supply chain structures. This paper focuses on the sourcing channel decision of an encroaching OR given the sourcing channel of a 3PR. The OR may source either from the common supplier, i.e., the same supplier as that of the 3PR, or from a different supplier, i.e., one different from that of the 3PR. This paper develops two game-theoretical models to examine the sourcing channel decision of an OR in quantity competition with a 3PR on the platform. The results show that the OR’s preference for the sourcing channel is significantly affected by the production cost, product substitutability and commission rate. By comparing the performances of the OR under these two sourcing channels, we find that when the production cost of the different supplier is very low, or when the product substitutability of the different supplier is low, or when the commission rate is either very low or very high, the OR prefers to source from the different supplier. Otherwise, the OR tends to source from the common supplier. We also find that the OR’s encroachment into the sales market of a 3PR by sourcing from the common supplier will always hurt the 3PR, but the platform encroachment by sourcing from the different supplier will not necessarily hurt, especially when the supplier selected by the OR has a significant disadvantage in production cost compared to those of the 3PR. Furthermore, when the OR encroaches by sourcing from the common supplier, it becomes the largest retailer in the market; otherwise, the 3PR is the largest retailer in that market. Our results also indicate that platform encroachment by different sourcing can not only expand the sales market, but also weaken the negative effects of platform encroachment on the profit of the 3PR.

Product market positioning

Product market positioning

Evaluation of Taiwan's IC industry production and market efficiencies under the consideration of corporate social responsibility

AbstractTaiwan has a complete semiconductor industry chain and is important in global semiconductor manufacturing. In addition to considering operational conditions, companies have also attached importance to corporate social responsibility (CSR) in recent years. This research thus takes 60 integrated circuit (IC) companies in Taiwan as a research sample and adopts the Meta Two‐stage dynamic RDM DDF (range directional model directional distance function) under an exogenous CSR model to explore their market stage efficiency and production stage efficiency. This study aimed to analyze whether incorporating a company's CSR performance into performance evaluations affects the production and profitability efficiency of Taiwanese IC companies. The findings are as follows: Most IC companies practice CSR and demonstrate good CSR performance. The market stage efficiency and production stage efficiency of the IC packaging and testing group are better than those of other groups.

The role of regulation and regional government quality for high-growth firms: the good, the bad and the ugly

ABSTRACT High-growth firms (HGFs) are important for job creation and productivity growth. We investigate the relationship between product and labour market regulations, as well as the quality of regional governments that implement these regulations, and the development of HGFs across European regions. Using data from Eurostat, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Economic Forum (WEF), and Gothenburg University, we show that both regulatory stringency and the quality of the regional government relate to the regional shares of HGFs. In particular, we find that the effect of labour and product market regulations is moderated by the quality of regional government. Depending on the quality of regional governments, regulations may have a ‘good, bad or ugly’ influence on the development of HGFs. Our findings contribute to the debate on the effects of regulations and offer important building blocks to develop tailored policy measures that may influence the development of HGFs in a region.

Integrating knowledge-guided symbolic regression and model-based design of experiments to automate process flow diagram development

New products must be formulated rapidly to succeed in the global formulated product market; however, key product indicators (KPIs) can be complex, poorly understood functions of the chemical composition and processing history. Consequently, scale-up must currently undergo expensive trial-and-error campaigns. To accelerate process flow diagram (PFD) optimisation and knowledge discovery, this work proposed a novel digital framework to automatically quantify process mechanisms by integrating symbolic regression (SR) within model-based design of experiments (MbDoE). Each iteration, SR proposed a Pareto front of interpretable mechanistic expressions, and then MbDoE designed a new experiment to discriminate them while balancing PFD optimisation. To investigate the framework’s performance, a new process model capable of simulating general formulated product synthesis was constructed to generate in-silico data for different case studies. The framework effectively discoverd ground-truth process mechanisms within a few iterations, indicating its great potential for the general chemical industry for digital manufacturing and product innovation.

Product market competition, debt rollover risk and financial default risk: evidence from Indian corporates

PurposeThe study investigates the impact of the interaction effect of product market competition and rollover risk on the default risk of the firms.Design/methodology/approachThe study used the sample of unbalanced panel data from Indian corporates without any survivability bias over the period from 2009 to 2020 consisting of 30,396 firm-year observations of 6,718 firms spread across 143 industry groups. The panel data regression tests the interaction effect in the context of the asset substitution problem, predation threat theory, competitive shock, and competitive risk.FindingsThe empirical results highlighted the dominance of the predatory effect of competition over the disciplinary advantage of short-term debts. The competitive shock to the industry results in a higher credit spread for refinancing short-term debt and significantly increases rollover risk for firms. Smaller firms have higher default risk from rollover losses than larger firms in the face of competition due to asset-substitution problems and strong rivalry. For firms with weaker fundamentals, the interaction effect of rollover risk and competition exacerbates the flight-to-quality problem, resulting in a systemic event.Practical implicationsThe investors can benefit by factoring ex-ante the interdependence of competition, debt market illiquidity, and default premia while calculating the credit risk. The shareholders of competitive firms can reduce the moral hazard of refinancing the rollover losses and defaulting at a higher fundamental default threshold, by reducing sub-optimal utilization of funds by managers and agency costs.Originality/valueAs per the best of author knowledge, the present study is the first to study the moderating effect of product market competition in exacerbating default risk through the rollover channel.

Mutual insurance risks

The article considers the risk status of mutual insurance organizations. The growing popularity of mutual insurance among representatives of the field of material production, carriers, tourism business and other market participants, on the one hand, and the widespread opinion about the increased stability of the activities of a mutual insurance organization, on the other hand, sets the task of determining the risk status of a mutual insurance company, which will make it possible to formulate the main directions of risk–oriented regulation of such organizations. According to the author, the mutual insurance organization is subject to a significant number of various risks of risks, both event and economic and social. It is suggested that at least the following risk groups are inherent in a mutual insurance organization: risks due to the nature of insurance; risks arising from reciprocity as a technology; market risks of the mutual insurance organization; risks of an individual participant in mutual insurance in the part affecting the interests of the functioning of mutual insurance. Analysis of these risk groups makes it possible to come to the conclusion that the risk management of mutual insurance organizations should be built differently for organizations uniting individuals or large legal entities. For mutual companies of individuals, it is necessary to provide for built–in risk management mechanisms; for mutual societies that unite legal entities, risk management should be systemic and combine both the risks of the organization and its participants (enterprises).

Streaming women: Hayu, Passionflix and gendered demographics in subscription video-on-demand

The focus of most academic analysis of subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) services so far has been on “first tier” platforms like Netflix and Prime Video. These platforms are spending and charging significant amounts of money to adopt a generalist strategy that rhetorically disregards demographics . However, not all SVODs operate in this manner. This article will consider examples of second (subsidiary) and third (independent) tier SVODs for whom traditional demographic thinking remains fundamental to their core business model. We examine second tier service Hayu and third tier service Passionflix as female-targeted SVODs that represent a spectrum of approaches to gendered curation, from the online extension of reality programming long-linked to cable interests, to the production and promotion of softcore erotica SVOD originals. We combine analyses of catalogues, interfaces, marketing, paratexts, and original production to consider how SVODs conceptualise, address, and court female audiences in different ways.

Family firm governance and working capital management policy

Drawing from agency and behavioral theories, we evaluate whether and how family firm governance influences working capital management policy and its contribution to shareholder value. Our results indicate that family firms pursue a conservative working capital management policy to capitalize on the competitive benefits of balance sheet liquidity. Moreover, we find that the market value of working capital investment is higher for family firms. Product market competition, financing constraints and capital market access, however, moderate the relationship between family governance and the market value of net working capital investment. Taken together, our results suggest that, relative to non-family firms, family firms pursue value-enhancing working capital management policies.

Technology market, product market and aggregate innovation

AbstractThis paper examines the growth maximization mix for intellectual property rights (IPR) in an economy in which incumbents and outside inventors endogenously choose how to develop inventions and commercialization strategies, both of which determine the innovation rate. Outside inventors can choose to commercialize their inventions by (i) launching a new product or (ii) selling to incumbents. I find that if inventors all sell on the technology market, then protecting inventors' patents from imitation by firms raises aggregate innovation. If, instead, all inventors enter the product market, the IPR policy that regulates the ability of incumbents' patents to block the entry of improved products faces a trade‐off between innovation from existing firms and inventors, which leads to a single‐peaked relationship between economic growth and the blocking strength. When both commercialization strategies are chosen, a balanced IPR policy can raise aggregate innovation by encouraging inventors to choose the more efficient commercialization method.

The Implementation of Green Manufacturing at IKM. Tani Lestari

IKM Tani Lestari, a wood processing small and medium-sized enterprise (SME), generates approximately 400 kg of sawdust waste daily. This accumulation, if left unmanaged, can lead to significant environmental pollution. To address this issue, the Green Manufacturing method was applied to analyze and reduce waste, thereby increasing the added value of the products. The research involved direct observation and interviews, revealing that the implementation of Green Manufacturing effectively reduced waste and enhanced the value of the processed products by 50%. The study employed Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to identify and improve waste management processes. Initially, sawdust waste was sold directly every 15 days, generating a maximum income of Rp. 1,200,000. Through the application of Green Manufacturing principles, the waste processing time was reduced to 3 days before being sold, thereby increasing the product's market value and reducing environmental impact. This method not only streamlined waste management but also resulted in a significant reduction in non-value-added (NVA) activities from 15 days to 5 minutes. The improved process highlighted by Future Stream Mapping (FSM) demonstrated a 50% increase in value- added (VA) activities, from 6 minutes to 9 minutes. This enhancement in operational efficiency directly contributed to the welfare of the employees, as the increased profits from the sale of processed waste could be reinvested into improving their working conditions and overall well-being. The findings underscore the potential of Green Manufacturing to transform waste management practices in the wood processing industry, leading to both economic and environmental benefits.