Market Interest Research Articles

Pengaruh Religiusitas, Motivasi, dan Tingkat Literasi Pasar Modal Syariah Terhadap Minat Berinvestasi Pasar Modal Syariah

This study aims to determine the influence of religiosity, motivation, and literacy of the Islamic capital market partially and simultaneously on the investing interest in the Islamic capital market of ISP members in Probolinggo. This study used multiple regression analysis techniques titled "The Influence of Religiosity, Motivation, and Literacy Level of the Islamic Capital Market on Investment Interest in the Islamic Capital Market" using an associative quantitative method. The data sources were derived from questionnaires distributed to 74 samples by purposive sampling techniques. The analysis techniques used are multiple linear regression analysis, determination coefficient test, F-test, and T-test processed with SPSS. The F-test results showed religiosity, motivation, and literacy of the Islamic capital market has significance compared with a calculated F-value of 50,987 an F-table of 2,736, and a significance of 0.000. Meanwhile, the T-test result showed religiosity, motivation, and literacy levels each influence the sig value by 0.031, 0.016, and 0.000.

실물옵션이론을 이용한 다계층 MBS의 감정평가

This paper shows a appraising model based on real option theory with CMOs, Multi-Layered MBS, that involves prepayment risk when housing prices fluctuate with uncertainty, analyzes and considers the results, and proposes related implications. And, the result is as follows. 1) As the strike price(the sale price of the house) of an prepayment option increases, the occurrence of the prepayment delays and the value of the prepayment risk reduces. 2) As the volatility of housing prices increase, the prepayment period advances, and the value of the prepayment risk increases. 3) The lower the loan interest rate, the lower the prepayment risk, because this paper assumes that prepayment is caused by housing prices’ uncertainty. Finally, the issuer of MBS needs to set up a strategy to reasonably respond to the prepayment risk within the level tolerated by the capital market by adjusting the CMOs’ price based on changes in housing prices and market interest rates.

Non‐maturing deposits modelling in a Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck framework

AbstractThis paper builds a multivariate Lévy‐driven Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck process for the management of non‐maturing deposits, that are a major source of funding for banks. The contribution of the paper is both theoretical and operational. On the theoretical side, the novelty of this model is to include three independent sources of randomness in a Lévy framework: market interest rates, deposit rates and deposit volumes. The choice of a Lévy background driving process allows us to model rare but severe events. On the operational side, we propose a procedure to include severe volume outflows with positive probability in future scenarios simulation, explaining its implementation with an illustrative example using Italian banking sector data.

실물옵션이론을 이용한 다계층 MBS의 감정평가

This paper shows a appraising model based on real option theory with CMOs, Multi-Layered MBS, that involves prepayment risk when housing prices fluctuate with uncertainty, analyzes and considers the results, and proposes related implications. And, the result is as follows. 1) As the strike price(the sale price of the house) of an prepayment option increases, the occurrence of the prepayment delays and the value of the prepayment risk reduces. 2) As the volatility of housing prices increase, the prepayment period advances, and the value of the prepayment risk increases. 3) The lower the loan interest rate, the lower the prepayment risk, because this paper assumes that prepayment is caused by housing prices’ uncertainty. Finally, the issuer of MBS needs to set up a strategy to reasonably respond to the prepayment risk within the level tolerated by the capital market by adjusting the CMOs’ price based on changes in housing prices and market interest rates.

Distribution and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Cola laurifolia Mast.: A Dominant Native Riparian Species along Permanent Rivers in Sub-Saharan Africa

The continuously increasing interest in carbon market call for adequate approaches to assess and monitor the growth and carbon of tree species. Species-specific models for estimating aboveground biomass (AGB) are the accurate means of quantifying species’ carbon pools. This study aimed at developing allometric equation for Cola laurifolia Mast., a dominant and multi-purpose riparian species along the Mouhoun River in Burkina Faso. The study first used a destructive sampling approach on thirty trees individuals of different diameter classes after collecting their dendrometric data. Explanatory parameters used to build the models were tree diameter at breast height (Dbh), basal diameter at 20 cm (D20), height (H), and mean crown diameter (MCd). Model development involved looking at different forms of models and different compartments of the tree (leaves, branches, stems and total above ground biomass). Subsequently, field inventory data were collected in protected and communal areas along three zones of the Mouhoun river (upstream, midstream and downstream) to assess and compare the carbon stock in the different areas and also characterize their population (assessment of regeneration status of the species). The results showed that the log-log linear model was the best-fitted form for the three tree compartments (i.e., leaf, branch, stem) and the total AGB, and incorporated Dbh and H as predictors. The total AGB model was more accurate with the highest goodness of fit (high R2) low residual standard error (RSE) (R²=0.92; RSE=0.28) as compared to the three component models. Nevertheless, all the allometric equations established for the prediction of leaves, stem, branches and total aboveground biomass were statically significant (p≤0.0001). The study also showed that the population structure of the species reflects a low regeneration potential along the studied river zones (i.e., upstream, intermediate and downstream zones), calling for initiatives to address the issue. The carbon stock was found to be 56.40 kg C tree-1 and 9.24 Mg C. ha-1. The density of C. laurifolia was higher in downstream zone, and consequently the carbon stock was higher in these areas. The study also compared the outputs from existing generalized allometric models to our newly developed specific-equation and found that they overestimate or underestimate the carbon stock of C. laurifolia. The results confirm the value of species-specific model which therefore calls for more effort to develop such models for all dominant species for greater accuracy in AGB estimations at scale.

Value Chain Analysis in Retail Shop Case Study: “Dizzle Otx Game Shop”

Value chains are often used to assess and find suitable techniques to increase competitive advantage. This research uses Value Chain with the aim of analyzing the retail store industry. Retailer becomes the end of distribution activities from producers to End Customers. The object of research used is Game Store and Hobby, this retailer is in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. Method using descriptive analytic method using primary data from observations and interviews with business owners. From the analysis conducted aims to create one stop shopping that can increase competitive advantage by increasing product variations and staying up to date with market interest in game discs and game consoles as well as various equipment related to the game world both merchandise and accessories. That way customers can easily find the desired product easily in one store. This will increase the interest of a community in the area to do one stop shopping at this store. Increase distributor network to get cheaper prices and improve store appearance, use of technology, and customer service.

Analyzing the Effect of Market Segmentation and Price on Purchase Interest of Batik Ciwaringin Products

Background: Provide an adequate background covering the literature review and the gap of the research with other relevant former research works.
 Aim: This study aims to analyze the influence of market segmentation, price and interest in buying Batik Ciwaringin products, Cirebon Regency.
 Method: Data collection method using questionnaires to Ciwaringin batik buyers. The key informants in this study are consumers who buy Ciwaringin batik products. This research uses quantitative analysis techniques.
 Findings: The significance test t obtained market segmentation variable showed the t-count value = 3.772 > t-table = 1.996 with a significance value of 0.000<0.05. Thus, hypothesis 1 is accepted. The significance test t obtained the price variable showed the t-count value = 3.742 > t-table= 1.984 with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. Thus, hypothesis 2 is accepted. The result for free variables (market and price segmentation) was 92,203 with a significant rate of 0.000. While the Ftabel value at ? = 0.05 is 3.13, the variables of market and price segmentation simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on consumers' buying interest in Batik Ciwaringin. Thus, hypothesis 3 is accepted.

Facades-as-a-Service: Systemic managerial, financial, and governance innovation to enable a circular economy for buildings. Lessons learnt from a full-scale pilot project in the Netherlands

Introduction: The challenge of the energy transition in the built environment has, in recent years, been exacerbated by rising awareness of the material resource limitations we face on the path towards sustainable development. In this context the concepts of Circular Economy (CE) and Product-Service Systems (PSS) have emerged as potentially complementary industrial and business strategies to overcome the interdependent material resource and clean energy challenges.Research significance: Research in the field of circular and PSS-based construction frequently centres on the design and engineering of products, mainly through technical strategies such as design for disassembly and adaptability, and the use of the different “R’s” (Reuse, Repair, Remanufacturing, etc.) to extend and/or reset the service lives of building materials and components. Such an approach often ignores the fact that these strategies require changes in the management, financing, and governance aspects of products and therefore buildings, throughout their entire service-lives. This paper will focus on the systemic administrative (i.e. management, financing, and governance) challenges of the circular and servitisation transitions in the building and construction sector, to enable products which are “Circular by Design”, to effectively support regenerative processes.Research question: The paper asks how traditional building products’ management, financing, and governance processes prevent or delay the implementation of CE and PSS models. It explores the demand side’s perspective (commissioners, building owners and facility managers), taking a systemic view to the search for new practical, strategic, and scalable administrative models.Methodology: The research method applies the DAS model (De Jonge et al., 2009; Van der Zwart et al., 2009; den Heijer, 2011; den Heijer et al., 2016) to data gathered from focus group discussion and co-design sessions involving multidisciplinary teams of experts from both academy and industry, as well as literature. The research was conducted within the context of the TU Delft Facades-as-a-Service full-scale pilot project.Results: The research has shown that, while PSS models to enable material circularity can be partially implemented within the current managerial, financial, and governance framework, this implementation is not efficient, effective, or scalable. This is because standard modes of operation in these disciplines are misaligned with that goal. The practical barriers resulting from this misalignment increase the complexity, risk perception, and therefore cost of PSS alternatives, and thus prevent their organic adoption despite increasing market interest. Recommendations are made for policymakers, financiers, suppliers, and building owners to overcome these barriers.

THE MAIN FACTORS SHAPING THE STATE'S DEBT POLICY AND DEBT STRATEGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN

Public debt is the total amount covering the budget deficit in a certain period of time. The correct management of the debt structure means the set of operations carried out until the time when the debt is zeroed by issuing the debt and paying off the principal debt and interest thereafter. In this regard, in each state, a special institution responsible for the mentioned issues is involved. The purpose of debt strategy management is to ensure the achievement of the main economic and social goals by making certain adjustments or various additions to the amount, composition and repayment period of debts. From this point of view, debt management is closely related to both fiscal (budget-tax) and monetary policy of the state. Adjustments in the amount of debt, i.e. reducing or increasing the amount of the debt, regulating the debt in terms of duration is one of the important issues of debt management. It should be noted that these operations include adjustments to the amount and composition of the debt and a number of debt policy instruments that will ensure the achievement of certain economic goals. In addition, another goal of managing debt strategies is to use the resources obtained through borrowing in the most beneficial way for the stability and development of the national economy and to get rid of the debt burden at the lowest cost. This issue is one of the most important and most successful elements in the debt strategy. Public debt is the total value covering the budget deficit in a certain period of time. In addition, another goal of managing debt strategies is to use the resources obtained through borrowing in the most beneficial way for the stability and development of the national economy and to get rid of the debt burden at the lowest cost. This issue is one of the most important and most successful elements in the debt strategy. The most important factors that require attention in the debt strategy are: - Selection of the minimum debt burden for the State; - Sale of bonds and bills of any amount or as needed; - Adjustment of the borrowing amount and conditions to economic requirements; - Debt reduction as appropriate opportunities arise. Also, the main principle of strategic debt management is that the amount and structure of the public debt should be in accordance with the requirements of the economic situation and the main goals. At the same time, it should be taken into account that it is natural for the state to try to reduce its debt burden when appropriate opportunities arise. However, the policy of alleviating the debt burden begins first of all with the logical and correct selection of the borrowing time and other necessary measures. For example, during recessions when interest rates are low, it is more appropriate for the government to borrow. Because in general, the interest burden of the debt attracted by the state will be less. On the other hand, if there is a high interest payment obligation in the current period and if interest rates are likely to decrease in the future, it is useful to wait for the market interest to decrease through short-term borrowings. In the research paper “The main factors shaping the state's debt policy and debt strategy in the Republic of Azerbaijan” was talked about the debt policy, which is of special importance for any state and plays an indispensable role in its financial system. Nowadays, due to the fact that it plays an important role in the economic development of the country and the regulation of debt problems, the correct processing of the public debt has been reflected. Otherwise, an improperly prepared debt policy that does not take into account modern realities can lead to negative consequences and lead to unpleasant situations. From this point of view, the correct implementation of the policy related to the topic we are studying has been evaluated as one of the most relevant issues. In the article, the goals put forward in the strategy for public debt in the country are described. Based on the debt policy carried out in our country, it was brought to attention that the state has a wide and positive experience, both in terms of benefiting from the debt system and in terms of paying off the public debt. Recently, the dynamics of internal, general and external public debt have been given and statistical indicators have been shown, emphasizing the great importance of replacing foreign debt with domestic debt as much as possible. At the end of the article, it was mentioned that the main goal of the debt strategy is the gradual reduction of the public debt. Keywords: debt strategy, financial system, debt system, economic development, debt dynamics.

Specifics of the impact of the Bank of Russia's monetary policy on the economies of the Eurasian Economic Union

The article is a part of the author's (Zagoytiy V.L.) dissertation research. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key effects of the Bank of Russia's monetary policy on the economies of the Eurasian Economic Union. The authors' initial assumption is that the monetary policy shock of the Russian economy has the same effect on the economies of the other member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. The conclusions about the response of macroeconomic variables to economic policy shocks are based on impulse response function analysis. The authors conduct their modelling in two stages. In the first stage, we identify monetary policy shock for the Russian economy by constructing a vector autoregression model using standard Kholetsky decomposition. At the second stage, we analyze the impact of a Russian monetary policy shock on the economies of the EEU member states. The impact of this shock on the main macroeconomic indicators of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union has been estimated using O. Jorda's local projections’ method. The analysis reveals the significant impact of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia on the economies of Armenia and Belarus in the short term. The initial assumption that monetary policy shock of Russian economy has the same impact on the economies of other member states of the Eurasian Economic Union is disproved. The authors conclude that the monetary policy shock of the Bank of Russia is transmitted to the economies of the Eurasian Economic Union partner countries primarily through money markets, leading to an increase in market interest rates in Armenia and Belarus and, consequently, to a decline in industrial production. This reflects the operation of the currency channel of cross-border transmission of monetary policy, whereby a rate hike in a large regional economy triggers a rate hike in the region in order to prevent depreciation of national currencies

Substitution of NPK with Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum)

Red ginger with superior content of 6-shogaol, 6-gingerol, and gingerdion are commonly used as traditional medicines that are useful for the health of the body and have a high market demand. Satisfaction of market interest for red ginger should be possible utilizing ideal and reasonable development innovation. This study aims to obtain a substitution of NPK fertilizer with Dirjanik as organic fertilizer that gives better results. The study was carried out in Pelem, Wonorejo, Jatiyoso, Karanganyar, Indonesia during March to July 2021. The experiment was using a one-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD), five levels, 5 replications, namely D0 (100% NPK), D1 (75 % NPK + 25% organic fertilizer), D2 (50% NPK + 50% organic fertilizer), D3 (25% NPK + 75% organic fertilizer), and D4 (100% organic fertilizer). Data analysis used orthogonal contrast (5% F test) variance to obtain differences between organic fertilization and other fertilizers, as well as differences between substitution doses. The results showed that D2 fertilization gave higher plant growth in the form of number of leaves, number of stems per clump, and biomass. D3 fertilization gave higher yields per plot in the form of rhizome thickness, fresh weight (1.4 tons ha−1), and rhizome storage weight (1.2 tons ha−1). Fertilization 100% organic/7,419.4 kg ha−1 organic fertilizer effect on the yield of fresh weight and storage weight per clumsp higher.

Pengaruh Persepsi Return, Risiko, Pengetahuan dan Religiusitas Terhadap Minat Berinvestasi di Pasar Modal Syariah

In its development, the Islamic capital market in Indonesia has experienced various obstacles, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world in recent years, which is thought to be the main cause due to the low level of knowledge of the Islamic capital market and public interest in the Islamic capital market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out what factors are expected to influence the dependent variable, namely the interest in investing in the Islamic capital market, which includes perceived return, perceived risk, investment knowledge, and religiosity. This research is a type of quantitative research using primary data from research objects which are KSPM Ahmad Dahlan University (UAD) and Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah University (UMY) with a total sample of 60 respondents using a sampling technique that is simple random sampling. Tests carried out include descriptive statistical tests, validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, hypothesis testing (F test and t test), and test the coefficient of determination. Based on the results of this study, the results show that: Partially only the variable perceived return has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable so that H1 is accepted, and for H2, H3, and H4 it is partially obtained that these variables have no effect on the dependen variable, therefore H2, H3, and H4 rejected..

ОБЛИГАЦИИ ДЛЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ КАК НОВЫЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ АРКТИКИ

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of issuing Arctic bonds as a means to attract public savings for implementing investment projects aimed at developing the Russian Arctic. The article examines methodological approaches to issuing bonds to the public and analyzes Russian and foreign practices in this area. The study established that if the parameters and conditions for issuing bond loans to the public are chosen rationally and the details of bond placement are effectively communicated to potential investors, the use of this tool can not only increase the public’s interest in the securities market but also engage free household savings in economic processes. The study also analyzed the possibilities and prerequisites for the effective placement of Arctic bonds. It was found that in the near future, financial resources allocated by the government for the development of the Russian Arctic will be limited. At the same time, the population of the Arctic is haracterized by a high level of savings, which makes it possible to issue bond loans to the public. The author has identified the key parameters for issuing Arctic bonds. It is advisable to issue them as book-entry coupon bonds with a maturity of five years and to use the Finuslugi online platform for placement. When fixing the coupon rate, it is recommended to use a dynamic approach with a focus on the average profitability of long-term bank deposits.The purpose of raising funds with the help of Arctic bonds is to co-finance projects included in the national program titled "Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation."

Determinants of Indonesian Capital Market Reaction

Several research results in the Indonesian Capital Market have found a market anomaly phenomenon caused by the market reacting to internal and external information. This study aims to examine whether companyspecific factors (company size, growth, and risk), national macroeconomic factors (Inflation, interest rates, and exchange rates on a national scale), and world macroeconomic factors (market returns, Inflation, interest rates, and world-scale exchange rates) ) may cause the Indonesian Capital Market to react. The form of this research is associative descriptive with a population of all companies indexed by LQ45, totaling 45 companies. According to purposive sampling, the sample used is 22 companies, and data analysis using panel data regression with the help of software Eviews 12. The study's results found that only national interest rates and world inflation could cause the Indonesian Capital Market to react. In contrast, size, growth, risk, national Inflation, world returns, world interest rates, and world exchange rates did not cause the Indonesian Capital Market to react.

Forecasting and backtesting systemic risk in the cryptocurrency market

Cryptocurrency has become an increasingly important tool in both portfolio investment and government regulation. As a relatively new asset class, cryptocurrencies are prone to extreme volatility, with the potential for significant downward movements over the short term. This paper uses MES and △CoVaR to forecast the systemic risk in the cryptocurrency market and subsequently tests the validity based on unconditional coverage and independence. The results of this paper show that a DCC-GARCH model performs well in forecasting systemic risk. The paper also shows that Aoen, EOS and Sinacoin are the best forecasters of systemic risk across the 191 cryptocurrencies analysed over the full estimation period. Our findings have important implications for investors and policy-makers with a vested interest in the cryptocurrency market.

Trends in Cause-Related Marketing (CRM): Scientometrics Analysis Through Prism of Biblioshiny

Purpose: Although interest in cause-related marketing has grown steadily since 1998, the field as a whole remains disorganized. Accordingly, this research aims to undertake a thorough literature evaluation on CrM. This research aims to create a comprehensive picture of cause-related marketing from 1988 through March 2022 by combining data from Scopus and Web of Science (WOS). Design/Methodology/Approach: Articles were analysed using bibliometric criteria in this study. Bibliographic analysis facilitates research into and evaluation of multiple perspectives, as well as the assessment of the field’s growth. Biblioshiny, a bibliometrics tool developed at the R-studio, was used to assess the quality of research papers on the topic of CrM that were gathered from the databases Scopus and Web of Science. The most prominent authors, articles, journals, organisations, and nations in the field of cause-related marketing were determined after reviewing 646 papers published between 1988 and 2022. The most common words used in the titles, meta-descriptions, and abstracts were also counted. Findings: The state of CrM research and research patterns over the previous 30 years were thoroughly investigated using visualisation techniques such as content analysis, word cloud, citation analysis, etc. This study has uncovered some new ground for investigation into cause-related marketing. Research Limitations/Implications: Many more publications could not be included for generalisation reasons because the study included data from two databases. Additionally, our research shows that there aren’t many journals that have written about cause-related marketing. Practical Implications: This article may be helpful to both researchers and practitioners who are looking for research advice. Based on trend subjects, co-occurrences, and historical networks, this research also suggests potential new study topics for the future. Originality/Value: This is the first study to use the bibliometrics package in R to create a visual representation of the body of work produced on the topic of CrM in the thirty years since the notion was originally articulated.

A semi-parametric study on dynamic linkages among international real interest rates

Linkages between real interest rates among countries have been extensively investigated in the literature as it has important policy implications for the monetary authorities in the policy making process. Even in a perfectly efficient international interest rate market, equal real interest rates are not expected because of the existence of transaction costs and hence nonlinear approaches that take transactions costs into account are necessary to evaluate the relationship between real interest rates. A semi-parametric, generalized additive vector autoregressive models were applied to a consideration of real interest rate linkages among the US, the UK, Japan, Switzerland and the Eurozone. Through nonlinearity tests, we find strong evidence that nonlinearities substantially characterize real interest rate linkages. Generalized impulse response functions are utilized to investigate the dynamics of real interest rates after shocks of different sizes, directions, and histories. All marginal effects from four models backed by different economic theories and generalized impulse responses from vector error correction models support the real interest rate parity hypothesis which indicates a high degree of integration in capital markets. The results provide evidence that the conventional tests which rely on linearity assumptions may lead to misleading inferences and local monetary policy makers can only affect the real interest rates when the international financial markets are close to the equilibrium; the efforts of the policy makers may be offset by the arbitrage behavior when this condition is not satisfied.

Public Perception and the Role of E-Government Services in the Housing Market of Bangladesh

This study followed qualitative and quantitative approaches, and data was collected through secondary and primary sources. This research found that 71.80 per cent of the respondents know E-government services. 28.20 per cent of the respondents do not have. 63.50 per cent of the respondents took benefits from E-Government services. Bangladesh's E-Government plays a vital role in improving the housing market sector, and 51.9 per cent of the respondents said that the housing market sector is improving n Bangladesh. 82.7 per cent of the respondent's interest in the housing market. 28.8 per cent of the respondents said it still takes less time to use the services 40.4 of the respondents said it takes a long time. The authors tried to examine the impact of Bangladesh's E-Government on Bangladesh's property markets and determine the potential consequences or repercussions. Finally, this research gives some recommendations based on the study survey, such as Online connectivity from the city to the village level is critical for gaining internet knowledge and engaging in E-Governance activities. No one can use the government online portal for personal activities if they do not have access to the internet. In Bangladesh, it is difficult for the government to deliver internet access to rural areas promptly. As a result, the government should promote private enterprises to offer low-cost internet access to the people so that the peasants may access the internet. Government should take care of that.

Integration Between Stock Market Returns and Interest Rate and its Impact on Inflation : Empirical Evidence from Five Countries

Integration Between Stock Market Returns and Interest Rate and its Impact on Inflation : Empirical Evidence from Five Countries

Hemp: An Alternative Source for Various Industries and an Emerging Tool for Functional Food and Pharmaceutical Sectors

Hemp is a high-value crop that originated in Central Asia and is a historic but emerging cultivated plant. It may be grown for fiber, food, paper making, textiles, and therapeutic reasons. In the 21st century, market interest in hemp and its products has notably increased because seed portions can be utilized in the agri-food business, the woody component of the stem can be used in green buildings, the outer layer of the stems can be used in the textile industry, and the extraction of bioactive components from roots can play a vital role in the pharmacological industries. Hemp has recently been demonstrated to be a viable alternative for economies built on synthetic materials by the food, pharmaceutical, textiles, paper, building, and energy industries, among others. As a result, the goal of this study is to assemble the significant advancements in hemp, as well as to identify research gaps and research direction opportunities. The hemp plant will be provided more encouragement to be grown and be used. Many applications of hemp may be pushed to the next level for both producing a green environment and profit. A strong vision and a well-defined plan will pave the path for the discovery of new technologies and concepts.