Market In Years Research Articles

Porting a Native Android App to iOS

The two mobile operating systems Android and i(Pad)OS have dominated the smartphone and tablet market for years and app providers have to offer their apps for both systems in most cases in order to be competitive or to be able to reach the majority of potential customers. In native app development, separate applications have to be written and maintained for each platform. Often, apps are developed for one platform first and the second app is developed at a later stage, after some feedback could be collected. This porting from one system to the other can be either (partially) automated or manual, but in any case, it has its challenges. Both systems were designed with different approaches and differ greatly in some parts from each other – not only visually, but also in terms of the underlying structure. To illustrate the porting process, the Android app “Schoolstart Screening App”, which was developed for the Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research of Austria by Graz University of Technology at the OU Educational Technology, was ported so that it can be used also on iPads. Automated approaches were discussed and the chosen process is explained to get a good overview of the topic.

Structural Identification of Zotarolimus (ABT-578) Metabolites Generated by Human Liver Microsomes Using Ion-Trap and High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in Combination with the Analysis of Fragmentation Patterns.

Zotarolimus (ABT-578) is a sirolimus derivative that, like sirolimus and everolimus, is an inhibitor of cell growth via inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Zotarolimus was developed for coating coronary stents to prevent smooth muscle cell proliferation and restenosis. Albeit zotarolimus-eluting cardiovascular devices have been on the market for years, details of zotarolimus drug metabolism in humans are still unknown. Hence, it was the goal of the present study to identify zotarolimus metabolites generated by incubation with human liver microsomes. Metabolite structures were identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry, MS/ion-trap (MSn), and comparison of fragmentation patterns of the metabolites with those of zotarolimus and other known sirolimus derivatives. Kinetic parameters such as incubation time, human liver microsomal protein concentrations, and drug concentrations were optimized before scaling up the metabolism experiments. Human liver microsomes mainly hydroxylated and/or demethylated zotarolimus. The structures of the following metabolites were identified: O-demethylated metabolites: 39-O-desmethyl, 16-O-desmethyl, and 27-O-desmethyl zotarolimus; hydroxylated metabolites: hydroxy piperidine zotarolimus, 11-hydroxy, 12-hydroxy, 14-hydroxy, 23-hydroxy, 24-hydroxy, 25-hydroxy, 45/46-hydroxy, and 49-hydroxy zotarolimus; demethylated-hydroxylated metabolites: 16-O-desmethyl, 23/24-hydroxy; 39-O-desmethyl, 23/24-hydroxy; 39-O-desmethyl, 25-hydroxy zotarolimus; 39-O-desmethyl, 11-hydroxy zotarolimus; 39-O-desmethyl, hydroxy-piperidine zotarolimus; 27-O-desmethyl, 45/46-hydroxy zotarolimus; didemethylated metabolites: 16,39-O-didesmethyl zotarolimus; 16,27-O-didesmethyl zotarolimus; 27,39-O-didesmethyl zotarolimus; and dihydroxylated metabolites: 11,24-dihydroxy zotarolimus, 12,24-dihydroxy zotarolimus, and 11,47/48-dihydroxy zotarolimus. It is concluded that zotarolimus is extensively metabolized by human liver microsomes. Twenty-four of these metabolites could be structurally identified using a combination of ion-trap MSn and high-resolution mass spectrometry.

LOGISTICS SUPPORT OF THE DOMESTIC MARKET OF OIL CROP AND OIL

The article examines the main results of logistical support of the domestic market of oilseeds and oil. The dynamics of shipments of oil crops and their processing products through the ports of Ukraine during the 2020/21 marketing year (MY) were analyzed. It was determined that the share of sunflower oil in the structure of the shipment occupies a significant specific weight, in contrast to rapeseed and soybean oil, where the main product of the shipment was rapeseed and soybean. The indicators of transshipment of vegetable oil during 2019–2021 were studied (with a cumulative total by month), which indicate that although the situation improved in 2020 compared to 2019, but in 2021 compared to 2020, transshipment volumes significantly decreased. The indicators of transshipment of vegetable oil by types of stevedoring companies of all forms of ownership were analyzed in terms of shipping directions in 2021 compared to 2020. The most powerful ports of Ukraine were determined based on transshipment results and their specific weight, as well as key shipping directions. The dynamics of transportation of oil-fat complex cargoes by railway transport was analyzed. It was revealed that in the structure of railway transportation of sunflower seeds for the period 2018–2021, priority was given to internal communication, and in the structure of transportation of vegetable oil, the export route traditionally prevailed. The main problems related to the implementation of railway transportation, including those related to the activities of JSC “Ukrzaliznytsia”, are highlighted. The measures, the practical implementation of which will allow for an increase in the volume of cargoes transportation of oil and fat industry and processing products, are justified, and will also contribute to the improvement of logistics support in the market of oilseeds and oil in general.

A Prediction of the Construction Area of Residential Real Estate in Shenzhen Based on ARIMA Model

The real estate markets are an important component of Chinese economy structure which is worth to study and predict. This paper uses the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to predict the construction area of residential real estate in Shenzhen. The data is given by a convinced and reliable company CRIC. CRIC focuses on the Chinese real estate market for years. With the dataset from CRIC and based on the ARIMA methodology, the author gives a roughly prediction which shows that the construction area of residential real estate in Shenzhen will continuously rise in a short term. Serious of tests are invoked, such as white noise test and unit-root test etc. The author then draws a conclusion by those tests, which implies that the construction area of residential real estate in Shenzhen is worth to predict statically. And in the real-life dimension this prediction can provide a valuable reference to politicians and investors. For politicians, the prediction can help them make policy. And for investors, the prediction can help them maximize their benefits.

Chatbots in Education: The impact of Artificial Intelligence based ChatGPT on Teachers and Students

The assimilation of artificial intelligence into education is an inevitable phenomenon. Intelligent tools provide opportunities such as personalized instruction, automated assessment and, last but not least, teaching with virtual assistants or chatbots. Chatbots and other virtual assistants have been on the market for years and have been used for educational purposes on various Q&A platforms. ChatGPT, however, can be considered as an intellectual revolution of chatbots that have been released so far. ChatGPT has taken the concept of artificial intelligence to a new level and it was inevitable that it would make its debut in education. However, in schools, this level and relative novelty can bring not only benefits but also dangers. In this article, we discuss the potential of ChatGPT in the educational process. We look at the impact it can have on students, pointing out both the positives and the negatives. We then look at the opportunities for teachers. Finally, conclusions are drawn and suggestions are made as to the aspects that teachers and students need to adhere to in order to effectively implement ChatGPT in their everyday education.

Awareness and Use of Low-Sodium Salt Substitutes and Its Impact on 24-h Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in China-A Cross-Sectional Study.

The use of low-sodium salt substitute (LSSS) has the potential to reduce sodium and increase potassium intake. LSSS has been available in the Chinese market for years. However, its real-world use and impact on sodium/potassium intake is unclear. Baseline data of 4000 adult individuals who participated in three similarly designed randomized controlled trials were pooled together for this analysis. Self-reported awareness and use of LSSS were collected using a standardized questionnaire, and the participants' 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion was used to estimate their dietary intake. Mixed-effects models were developed to assess the relationship between LSSS and 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion. 32.0% of the participants reported awareness of LSSS and 11.7% reported its current use. After adjusting for location, sex, age, and education, compared with the group of participants unaware of LSSS, participants who were aware of but not using LSSS and those who were using LSSS had a lower 24-h urinary sodium excretion by -356.1 (95% CI: -503.9, -205.9) mg/d and -490.6 (95% CI: -679.2, -293.7) mg/d, respectively (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found for 24-h urinary potassium excretion or sodium-to-potassium ratio among the three groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the findings of low usage of LSSS and the reduced urinary sodium excretion associated with the awareness and use of LSSS provide further support for the prometon of LSSS as a key salt reduction strategy in China.

Chatbots in Education: The impact of Artificial Intelligence based ChatGPT on Teachers and Students

The assimilation of artificial intelligence into education is an inevitable phenomenon. Intelligent tools provide opportunities such as personalized instruction, automated assessment and, last but not least, teaching with virtual assistants or chatbots. Chatbots and other virtual assistants have been on the market for years and have been used for educational purposes on various Q&amp;A platforms. ChatGPT, however, can be considered as an intellectual revolution of chatbots that have been released so far. ChatGPT has taken the concept of artificial intelligence to a new level and it was inevitable that it would make its debut in education. However, in schools, this level and relative novelty can bring not only benefits but also dangers. In this article, we discuss the potential of ChatGPT in the educational process. We look at the impact it can have on students, pointing out both the positives and the negatives. We then look at the opportunities for teachers. Finally, conclusions are drawn and suggestions are made as to the aspects that teachers and students need to adhere to in order to effectively implement ChatGPT in their everyday education.

Identification and Levelling of Crisis Phenomena in the World Grain Market in the 2022/23 Marketing Year

Abstract The aim of this paper is the detection crisis phenomena in the world grain market in the 2022/23 marketing year (MY), which worsened during the Russia-Ukraine invasion on February 24, 2022. Some countries and international organizations have recently expressed concern that the reduction of grain supply on the world market and the rapid rise in its price. Whether the impact of the destabilizing situation on the world grain market on the exacerbation of hunger is an open question. In order to fill the research gap, the paper tries analysis the global market into grain types between 2008/09 MY to 2021/22 MY and identify on it the shares of Ukraine and Russia. Two methods are used to conduct a comprehensive study of the grain market - fundamental and technical analysis. The analysis of the state and dynamics of the main indicators of the world grain market was carried out with the help of fundamental analysis. The results show that the volume of grain production in the world and the two warring countries are growing. Both countries supply about a quarter of all products in the overall structure of world grain exports. Finally, the result also shows that Ukraine and Russia are key exporters of barley, rye, wheat, and corn to low-income and least developed countries. Grain price forecasting through technical analysis was carried out. Based on the results obtained during the fundamental and technical analysis, three scenarios for the development of the grain market and its impact on the problem of hunger were proposed and given recommendations for levelling of crisis phenomena.

A sea change

A sea change

A Bayesian group sequential design for randomized biosimilar clinical trials with adaptive information borrowing from historical data

ABSTRACT At the time of developing a biosimilar, the reference product has been on market for years and thus ample data are available on its efficacy and characteristics. We develop a Bayesian adaptive design for randomized biosimilar clinical trials to leverage the rich historical data on the reference product. This design takes a group sequential approach. At each interim, we employ the elastic meta-analytic-predictive (EMAP) prior methodology to adaptively borrow information from the historical data of the reference product to make go/no-go decision based on Bayesian posterior probabilities. In addition, the randomization ratio between the test and reference arms is adaptively adjusted at the interim with the goal to balance the sample size of the two arms at the end of trials. Simulation study shows that the proposed Bayesian adaptive design can substantially reduce the sample size of the reference arm, while achieving comparable power as the traditional randomized clinical trials that ignore the historical data. We apply our design to a biosimilar trial for treating breast cancer patients.

Governance, human capital and politicization of Spanish banks

ABSTRACT Before the 2007 financial crisis, Spanish savings banks (Cajas) and commercial banks had shared, almost equally, the Spanish market for years. By 2012, the stakeholder-oriented Cajas had disappeared. We study if these different outcomes of Cajas and commercial banks respond to different ownership structures, governance practices and top managers’ human capital. Most of the previous debate has focused on the political affiliation of Cajas’ managers. We contribute to the debate by using broader measures of banks’ performance and by manually collecting chairman’s human capital (through proxies such as chairman’s experience, education, and political affiliation) for both bank types. We find that commercial banks took more risks in pre-crisis years and showed better risk-management than Cajas during the crisis. We find no evidence of the influence of chairman’s political affiliation on banks’ performance, but chairman’s firm experience and certain levels of education did have an impact on banks’ performance, showing that managers’ human capital deserves more attention. Finally, we analyse deeper Cajas-stakeholders’ participation, and while the presence of politicised seats in the governing bodies have no significant effects, larger employee participation or depositors’ involvement could have helped to improve the resilience of these stakeholder organisations during the crisis.

Recent advances on transdermal delivery systems for the treatment of arthritic injuries: From classical treatment to nanomedicines.

Arthritic injuries happen frequently during a lifetime due to accidents, sports, aging, diseases, etc. Such injuries can be cartilage/bone injuries, tendon injuries, ligament injuries, inflammation, pain, and/or synovitis. Oral and injective administration of therapeutics are typically used but cause many side effects. Transdermal administration is an alternative route for safe and efficient delivery. Transdermal formulations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been available on market for years and show promising efficacy in pain relieving, inflammation alleviation, infection control, and so on. Innovative transdermal patches, gels/films, and microneedles have also been widely explored as formulations to deliver therapeutics to combat arthritic injuries. However, transdermal formulations that halt disease progression and promote damage repair are translated slowly from lab bench to clinical applications. One major reason is that the skin barrier and synovial capsule barrier limit the efficacy of transdermal delivery. Recently, many nanocarriers, such as nanoparticles, nanolipids, nanoemulsions, nanocrystals, exosomes, etc., have been incorporated into transdermal formulations to advance drug delivery. The combined transdermal formulations show promising safety and efficacy. Therefore, this review will focus on stating the current development of nanomedicine-based transdermal formulations for the treatment of arthritic injuries. The advances, limitations, and future perspectives in this field will also be provided to inspire future studies and accelerate clinical translational studies. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures.

AIC in the framework of implementing the goals of sustainable development and state policy for formation and development of a competitive industry

The article deals with the role of the agrarian sector in the socio-economic development of the country, in ensuring its export orientation and competitiveness in the conditions of the necessity to meet the requirements of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Consequently, agriculture is an integral and important sector of the national economy and the main long-term priority of state economic policy, as the agro-industrial complex provides one of its most important components is the food security of the country. Meeting the country’s demand for food, as well as ensuring food production with agricultural raw materials are the most important tasks of state policy. Besides ensuring the country’s domestic market the agrarian sector should focus on its competitiveness and possibility to enter world markets in order to export its own production. One of the most important functions of public administration is the implementation of control and supervisory functions of the state for all types of activities of economic entities, whose purpose is to protect the rights and legitimate interests of state bodies, individuals and legal entities. In conditions of economic instability the search of optimal way of sustainable development of agrarian market of the Republic of Kazakhstan, able to provide food and economic security of the state, preserve and strengthen national independence of the country is of particular importance. However, for this purpose it is necessary to evaluate the development of the agrarian market for years of independence and identify the most urgent problems and factors that hinder its sustainable development. In this regard, new mechanisms of state regulation of the industry are required, ensuring the transition of the country’s agro-industrial complex to a new innovative level of development.

Várandóskori munkavállalási tervek megvalósulása és a korai munkavállalás jellemzői

Although views related to the traditional perception of social roles are still widespread in Hungary, the participation of women in the labour market has become more and more typical. However, in many cases having children can pull women out of the labour market for years, breaking their career paths. Mothers are more and more disadvantaged by the increase in time spent away, as the knowledge they need to do their job does not develop further or becomes obsolete, which can hold back career prospects in terms of professional development and even lead to a loss of income. Higher education, married marital status, longer previous work experience and higher personal income increase the chances of early return to the labour market, however, in the case of a single (divorced) marital status or married relationship/ partnership, the partner's high income and higher number of children may reduce the chances of this. The aim of this study is to present the development of the planned period of re-employment assumed during pregnancy half a year after the birth – not a typical pathway in Hungary, which concerns only about 3,6% of mothers – and to map the factors along which the early return to the labour market after the birth can be characterized. All these are determined based on the available literature of the topic and the data of the first (pregnancy) and second (occurring at the age of six months) wave of the longitudinal panel research Cohort ‘18 Hungarian Birth Cohort Study launched by the Hungarian Demographic Research Institute in early 2018.

CURRENT UPDATES ON COVID-19 VACCINES

Background: COVID-19 caused the world to shut down and made us to critically look out at our advanced healthcare systems that are well prepared for heart diseases, cancers, organ transplantation but not for attack of a tiny virus. WHO and other authorized bodies are continuously issuing advisory on preventive measurements, tracking the outbreak and distributing vital medical kits. Scientific community and vaccine experts have developed and started to distribute safe and effective immunization worldwide.&#x0D; Objective: The paper outlines several developed and developing immunization vehicles for the management of COVID -19 that will hit global market in year 2021.&#x0D; Method: Non clinical and clinical data are collected from authentic sources of World Health Organization portal and press release provided by COVID-19 vaccine developers.&#x0D; Result: Different platforms including mRNA, DNA, Viral vectors, Synthetic peptides etc. have been conversed that are globally involved for elimination of SARS-CoV-2, a causative virus of COVID-19.&#x0D; Conclusion: Numerous academic institutions and companies of worldwide have developed and evaluated their inoculums after extremely compressed clinical trial agendas. Worldwide eminent developers such as Pfizer and BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZenaca and Bharat Biotech are ready with their esteemed products for the management of pandemic COVID-19. They explored pharmaceutical technologies reliant on genetics, nanoengineering and biotechnology for successful development of these anti SARS-CoV-2 inoculums. Taking account on conditions of more vulnerable community including immunocompromised, geriatrics and comorbidities patients the safety and efficacy of vaccine are yet to be monitored..

Diagnostics will continue to attract instrument makers

Scientific instrument makers have been moving into the clinical diagnostics market for years, and that’s a trend likely to continue, industry veterans say. It’s a path away from traditional analytical science markets but not one that will lead to neglect, they say. Among the major instrument makers, interest in diagnostics goes back to acquisitions such as Thermo Fisher Scientific’s 2011 purchase of the allergy diagnostics maker Phadia, and Agilent Technologies’ 2012 buy of the cancer diagnostics specialist Dako. In November, press reports indicated that Thermo Fisher was among those bidding for the Dutch diagnostics maker Qiagen. Though Qiagen has decided to remain independent, the addition of the Dutch firm, which has annual sales of $1.5 billion, could have added heft to Thermo’s nearly $4 billion-per-year specialty diagnostics business. David B. Patteson, CEO of the mass spectrometer maker Advion and an operating partner at the private equity firm Ampersand Capital Partners,

Kilka uwag na temat artykułu 29 Kodeksu pracy w świetle ustawy z dnia 13 maja 2016 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks pracy

The aim of this article is to present practical difficulties and their solutions and also to illustrate effects of the introduced amendment to Art. 29 § 2 of the Act of June 26, 1974 of Labour Code. The author shows how this regulation was shaped in previous amendments in his attempt to answer how the finally introduced amendments have improved the situation of employees. Consequently, the aim of the article is to present the benefits resulting from this change, but also the risks arising upon introduction of the latest amendment. The author considers the question whether the procedure, however simple from the point of view of the legislative technique, is not an unfortunate attempt to patch the legal gap, which is often the subject of abuse. In the text, the author also wonders how the amended provision affects the situation of people starting work and what it alters in the case of people who have been in the labour market for years.

New perspectives in active and intelligent food packaging

Packaging is an intermediary product between producers and consumers. The most important role of packaging is to ensure the highest quality and safety of packaged products and to extend their shelf life. Given that microbiological contamination is a problem for manufacturers and consumers due to the fact that it reduces the quality of packaged products and poses a health risk, this work describes solutions related to antimicrobial packaging. More attention is given to antioxidant packaging that releases synthetic or natural antioxidants to prevent food oxidation. The purpose of intelligent packaging is to monitor the quality of food products, as well as inform consumers and food producers of their quality. Therefore, many studies focus on developing time temperature indicators. The work also discusses radio frequency identification (RFID), whose application has a lot of advantages, such as identifiability, management of stored products, labor cost savings and ensuring the quality and safety of packaged products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The current trends related to food safety and the growing expectations of the consumers lead to changes in the approach to food packing. Active and intelligent packaging has been present on the global packaging market for years, and scientists all over the world are looking for novelties related to this kind of packaging. For these reasons, this work focuses on presenting new solutions in active and intelligent packaging.

Comparability of cash flow statements: Evidence from Baltic Countries

Research Question: Whether the adoption of IFRSs has led to the harmonization and comparability of Baltic listed companies’ cash flow statements? Motivation: Baker and Barbu (2007) have marked that the adoption of IFRSs in EU is the new phase of international harmonization. However, IFRSs still provide flexibility to financial statement preparers when applying the standards due to explicit options, discretion in interpretation and the need for estimates (Wehrfritz & Haller, 2014). Measuring the extent to which financial reports of companies are comparable is an important topic. Our research applies H-index and C-index for measuring harmonization of Baltic listed companies’ cash flow statements. Idea: We examine the problem of harmonization cash flow statements. Data: The sample contains all companies (in total 33) listed on Nasdaq Baltic market for years 2010–2017. Tools: To measure harmonization and comparability of financial reports H-index for each country was found. C-index was used for finding overall, within-country and between-country harmonization. Findings: While there is a longitudinal consistency in classification choice within each company, there is no consistency among the companies in interest received and paid. Dividend treatment is more consistent and harmonized. Users of financial reports should not expect comparability of cash flow statements of Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian companies, despite the existence of a single stock exchange, cross-border cultural and economic similarities and de jure harmonization of accounting standards. Contribution: This paper contributes to IFRSs impact analysis, and specifically harmonization and comparability literature, by providing comparative results for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in financial statement preparers’ classification judgement.

A Primer of Deuterium in Drug Design

A Primer of Deuterium in Drug Design