Principles Of Market Economy Research Articles

The Challenges in Effective Implementation of the Legislation to Protect the Domestic Economy by the Synchronization of International Agreements and Political Will. The Case of Kosova in Relation to CEFTA

Eastern European countries seems that with difficulties are administrating the transition social and economic transition process even after more than one decade of conflicts and severe wars. The reasons of this process not only are numerous but their continued presence has not stopped. The identification, studding and the prevention is crucial to exit from this situation. One of the problems requiring an urgent solution is the implementation of the legislation to protect the domestic economy without violating the principles of market economy and policy synchronization with bilateral and multilateral agreements in this sphere. All countries now have created a modern legislative framework adequate and modern with the relevant institutions to implement the protection measures of the domestic economy. However, the implementation is almost impossible because of the lack of will and political decisions. Political perceptions, which are rooted in the problematic past from the laying of the former SFRY, some countries hesitate to implement the full international agreements and for this reason the eventual implementation of protective measures for the domestic trade automatically takes connotation of political rivalry. Concrete case to argue our claim is CEFTA agreement. Although CEFTA is designed to integrate in the economic plan the Balkans, for Kosovo came out as an inappropriate and harmful document. This is because especially Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina abstained from its application after declaration of independence of Kosova. This has caused damages to the domestic economy and every day more is thought to get out of this agreement. This situation carries with it numerous risks and irreparable damages. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2p499

Regenerasi perkotaan, alienasi, dan abolisi kelas pekerja dalam budaya politik Inggris pasca industri

This paper looks at the phenomena of urban regeneration that has been happening after de-industrialization within the British political-historical context. Since the 1970s economic turbulence, under the Thatcher Conservative Regime, Britain experiences political-economic transformation that hegemonically restores its society through the implementation of market economic principles and the public policy control to reduce state roles in the welfare distribution process. One of the strategies is by re-ordering industrial cities through the urban regeneratiopool, Britain, this paper aims to trace socio-political aspects driving the urban regeneration andn project considered as the deprived ones whilst still have economic potentials for the future capital accumulation. Drawing on an ethnographic research carried out in the summer 2014 in Liver its cultural implication to whom particularly categorised as the urban working class. Anthropological analysis is carried out by conforming dialectically information on the field and theories regarding on the informant and researcher cultural background to avoid bias result. The result shows that urban regeneration is the continuity of class struggle which embedded in the British cultural and political history. Furthermore, cultural-political factors which are inherited by the Thatcher Conservative regime in urban regeneration policies are very dominant affecting on the weakening of the urban working class existence in the British post industrial era.

Regenerasi perkotaan, alienasi, dan abolisi kelas pekerja dalam budaya politik Inggris pasca industri

This paper looks at the phenomena of urban regeneration that has been happening after de-industrialization within the British political-historical context. Since the 1970s economic turbulence, under the Thatcher Conservative Regime, Britain experiences political-economic transformation that hegemonically restores its society through the implementation of market economic principles and the public policy control to reduce state roles in the welfare distribution process. One of the strategies is by re-ordering industrial cities through the urban regeneratiopool, Britain, this paper aims to trace socio-political aspects driving the urban regeneration andn project considered as the deprived ones whilst still have economic potentials for the future capital accumulation. Drawing on an ethnographic research carried out in the summer 2014 in Liver its cultural implication to whom particularly categorised as the urban working class. Anthropological analysis is carried out by conforming dialectically information on the field and theories regarding on the informant and researcher cultural background to avoid bias result. The result shows that urban regeneration is the continuity of class struggle which embedded in the British cultural and political history. Furthermore, cultural-political factors which are inherited by the Thatcher Conservative regime in urban regeneration policies are very dominant affecting on the weakening of the urban working class existence in the British post industrial era.

Problems of the environmental protection infrastructure of Siberia: economical and geographical approach

Post-Soviet stage of development of the environmental protection infrastructure is marked, on the one hand, by theoretically limitless opportunities to improve comfortable live support from the perspective of market economic principles based on the ideas of sustainable (balanced, harmonious) development of a modern national economy. On the other hand, the analysis of reality represents the loss of all accumulated experience in this fi eld in the process of the adaptation to market economy, the unrealized hopes to “turn the market” to such a profi table business as waste management (European experience), the growth of negative processes, including environment deterioration, sometimes of almost catastrophic level (coastal pollution of Lake Baikal in the most visited places). The article represents the results of the economic and geographical study of environmental protection infrastructure from the point of view of the spatial organization, increasing role of government regulation and institutional environment in its further development

Political Economy of Modern Belarus: Going Against Mainstream?

A peculiar model of post-communist political economy has evolved in Belarus under President Aliaksandr Lukashenka. It features prioritisation of non-entrepreneurial social groups, a strong role for the state, and extensive social security provision. The model appears to be grounded on Lukashenka's understanding of his political powerbase; having no external backing for his policies, he wants to command as wide grass-roots support as possible to remain in office. By doing so, he rejects the principles of pluralist democracy and market economy, making Belarus's political economy model quite different from that envisaged in the mainstream post-communist theories of neo-liberalism and gradualism.

10.5937/industrija42-6944 = Transition economies during global economic crisis: A difference in differences approach

This paper describes how the global economic crisis impacted economies in transition, which in terms of GDP decline, were the most negatively impacted economies in the world. Therefore the region went from a growth rate of around 8.4% in 2007 to -3.9% in 2009. The aim of this paper is to determine which countries depending on the level of progress in the transitional reforms implementation (measured by transition indicator) were more exposed to the effects of the global economic crisis, i.e. which countries in the five-year period 2009-2013 faster showed progress as measured by the economic growth rate. The research is based on difference in differences (DinD) methodology and covered 29 economies in transition. The results showed that economies with lower progress in the way of transition reforms (transition indicator is less than 3) suffered smaller impact of the crisis in its first wave in 2009. In addition, this subset of countries in transition better overcame the crisis in the five-year period 2009-2013 given that they showed 18 percentage points higher cumulative rate of growth in those five years than the transition countries that adopted all the principles of market economy.

Contractual framework of private-public partnership: The sui generis nature of PPP as a result of the holistic approach

The holistic (comprehensive] approach to the methodological framework for the analysis of public-private partnership is essential presumption for the transformation of the public and private interests from the conflicting ones to the parallel and convergent ones. Private and public interests are to be regarded not as the divided particulars but as the element of the dynamics of PPP as a whole. The holistic approach facilitates interaction which brings new 'added values' in the exercise of the public interest by using the PPP construction: economic, social and political. This concept allows the PPP to 'take the best of both worlds' (the protection of the public interest and solidarity from the public sector, and the entrepreneurial logic from the private sector]. In light of the sui generis structure of mutual relations between the public and the private partner in the PPP framework, the contractual basis of public-private partnership has the character of relational contracts. Relational contracts differ from traditional contracting mechanisms. The parties to traditional contracts have equal information at their disposal, which enables them to define ex ante the terms of the transaction insofar as the consequences of performance or non-performance are anticipated at the time of contract conclusion. On the other hand, relational contracts are incomplete agreements: the parties to relational contracts mutually agree that it is impossible or economically inefficient to define ex ante the possible difficulties and circumstances of the transaction at issue (which is possible in classical contracts]. In this respect, in relational contracts the rationale for commitment is relatively flexible. The public-private partnership agreement is a relational contract. Relational contracts within the PPP framework limit the opportunistic behaviour on both parties and promote the development of their co-operation and exchange of information. Relational contracts are idiosyncratic (unlike traditional contracts which may be standardized and embodied in a specific legal form]. Public private partnerships agreements have to align the principle of hierarchy on which the public partner has based its activities (a high level of administrative control and the lack of economic incentives] with the principles of market economy underpinning the logic and the operation of the private partner.

Przemiany użytkowania ziemi w centralnej części Krakowa – byłej dzielnicy katastralnej Śródmieście w latach 1992–2012

The aim of this article is to evaluate land use changes taking place under the influence of the processes resulting from the implementation of market economy principles in the years 1992–2012 in Central Cracow. The research covered both the entire central district and the urban blocks that belong to that area. For greater inference accuracy, the analysis was conducted according to land use categories (the first grade accuracy of land use division) as well as the groups (the second grade division) together with the forms of land use (the third grade division). The research revealed an increase in metropolitan processes manifested by growth in the actual service area devoted in the city to culture, education and tourism, which have a particularly international reach. These three areas have for many years played a leading role in Cracow’s spatial and socio-economic development.

Popular Attitudes Toward Market Economic Principles and Institutional Reform in Transition Economies

Transition countries display generally low levels of public support for market economic principles during the 1990s—but more successful countries display more support than less successful countries. The attitude difference is not just the result of transition speed or success. Rather, the data suggest that the varying levels of public support toward market economic principles existed initially and are a cause of the distinct transition trajectories. Different historical legacies affected popular attitudes long before the watershed moment of 1990.

Building a bridge between corporate reputation and corporate social responsibility in the Ukrainian print media

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how corporate reputation (CR) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are discussed in the print media in Ukraine. The paper also provides insights into how the implementation of these concepts contributes to the promotion of the market economy principles in Ukraine.Design/methodology/approach – This study employed an interpretive discourse analysis, with elements of framing analysis, of 102 articles on CR and CSR published in the major Ukrainian print media between 2007 and 2010, both in Russian and Ukrainian languages. The analyses revealed four major themes in discussing a growing importance of CR and CSR for Ukrainian businesses.Findings – The interpretive analysis demonstrated that the government of Ukraine and businesses try to establish standards for CR and CSR. It also showed that the current economic crisis contributed to the media coverage of how CR and CSR are defined. The framing analysis showed that some publications in Ukrainian tend to rep...

Tertiary education in Latvia today and tomorrow

The market economy principles are deeply implemented in the system of tertiary education in Latvia. The share of private sector and private funding is significantly big, as well as the variety of study programs. Nevertheless it is only one side of supply-demand dimension that might be seriously changed by economic crisis. The author draws tertiary sector development scenarios considering probable demographic, economical and political trends. The more efficient and effective interaction of tertiary and business sectors, the development oriented decentralisation of state macro economical and regional policy are the decisive success factors for sustainability both of the state and tertiary sector.

Tertiary education in Latvia today and tomorrow

The market economy principles are deeply implemented in the system of tertiary education in Latvia. The share of private sector and private funding is significantly big, as well as the variety of study programs. Nevertheless it is only one side of supply-demand dimension that might be seriously changed by economic crisis. The author draws tertiary sector development scenarios considering probable demographic, economical and political trends. The more efficient and effective interaction of tertiary and business sectors, the development oriented decentralisation of state macro economical and regional policy are the decisive success factors for sustainability both of the state and tertiary sector.

The Entitlement Approach – A Case for Framework Development Rather than Demolition: Rejoinder

Elahi’s 2006 article subjected Amartya Sen’s entitlement approach to numerous criticisms: the approach contradicted the fundamental principle of market economy; it was based on a hidden hypothesis that income distributions in non-communist states are economically and politically optimal; and it contributed to a process of landlessness and pauperisation. Unfortunately, Elahi (2009) continues down the same path of unsubstantiated accusations in his response to my article, ‘The Entitlement Approach – A Case for Framework Development Rather than Demolition’ (Rubin, 2009). Elahi quotes Sen as saying ‘that people must not be allowed to become so poor that they offend or are hurtful to society. It is not so much the misery and plight of the poor but the discomfort and cost to the community which is crucial to this view of poverty. We have a problem of poverty to the extent that low income creates problems for those who are not poor.’ This is a blatant misquotation, as these are actually the words of Martin Rein (1970) – not Amartya Sen. Elahi then asserts that ‘Sen’s moral posture about the poor’ can be summed up in the following paragraph from Poverty and Famine: ‘To live in poverty may be sad, but to ‘‘offend or [be] hurtful to society’’, creating ‘‘problems for those who are not poor’’ is, it would appear the real tragedy’ (Sen, 1981: 9). This is a gross misrepresentation of Sen’s moral position generated by conveniently leaving out to the very next line, where Sen states ‘It isn’t easy to push much further the reduction of human beings into ‘‘means’’.’ Sen’s standpoint is precisely that ‘the focus of the concept of poverty has to be on the well-being of the poor’, and that the views expressed above are ‘grotesque’ and should be ‘dropped without further ado’ (Sen, 1981: 9–10). Thus, Sen’s stance on poverty and deprivation is the exact opposite of the questionable moral concern for the non-poor, which Elahi attempts to affix to Sen. The Nobel Prize Committee (1998) explicitly acknowledged Sen’s devotion ‘to the welfare of the

On the Legal and Market Analysis of “Direct Selling” in China

By exploring the origins and literal translations of “direct selling”, “multi-level marketing”, and “pyramid scheme” and analyzing the principles of laws, the principles of market economy, and the relationship between laws and regulations and market principles, this thesis concludes the positive meanings and the unscientific points of Regulation on Administration of Direct Sales & Regulation on Prohibition of Chuanxiao, expecting to founding a sound theoretical basis for the amendment and perfect of laws in the direct selling field.

U.S. Trade Relations with Arab Countries: Past, Present, and Future

Abstract Arab countries have adopted market economy principles and pursued policies designed to strengthen their economies. The cornerstone of Arab countries' long-term economic objectives has been to increase trade and support economic growth via regional and global integration. To this end, Arab countries are attempting to broaden their engagement in the multilateral trading system by joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). In addition, some Arab countries entered into trade arrangements with the United States (U.S.) to foster economic development, attract investment, and develop peaceful relationship. These trade agreements carry several implications for local economies.The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications of the trade agreements signed between the U.S. and Arab countries on the economic and legal regimes of the latter. The paper will proceed in two main parts. The first part analyzes the preferential trade arrangement known as "Qualifying Industrial Zones" created between the U.S on the one hand and Jordan, Israel, and Egypt on the other hand. It discusses the general rules of qualifying industrial zones program and the impact of these zones on local production and employment. The second part discusses trade agreements concluded between the U.S. and Arab countries. The emphasis will be on the U.S.-Jordan Free Trade Agreement as it is considered the template for future agreements signed between the U.S. and other Arab countries. The paper analyzes the most important provisions of the U.S.-Jordan Free Trade Agreement and their implications. Then, the paper will analyze trade agreements between the U.S. and other Arab countries. The paper argues that, while current trade programs between the U.S. and those Arab countries analyzed in the paper required difficult reforms in their domestic laws and led some negative consequence, on balance; these trade programs increased trade and created employment opportunities.

Food fears: from industrial to sustainable food systems

The industrial food system of the West is increasingly perceived as problematic. The physical, social and intellectual distance between consumers and their food stems from a food system that privileges quantity and efficiency over quality, with an underlying assumption that food is a commodity, rather than a source of nourishment and pleasure. In the wake of various food and health scares, there is a growing demand from consumers to change the food they eat, which in turn acts as a catalyst for the industry to adapt and for alternative systems to evolve. Drawing on a wealth of empirical research into mainstream and alternative North American food systems, this book discusses how sustainable, grass roots, local food systems offer a template for meaningful individual activism as a way to bring about change from the bottom up, while at the same time creating pressure for policy changes at all levels of government. This movement signals a shift away from market economy principles and reflects a desire to embody social and ecological values as the foundation for future growth.

MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECOSYSTEM FROM DETRIMENT AREA. CASE OF STUDY – BACĂU

At present, the agriculture is under the impact of a new type of economy and European structures integration. Therefore, agriculture must be approached as an important branch of the national economy but also because people must eat and because self-agrifood and positive comercial balance are promoted in the world. So, principles of market economy must be followed including constant modifications during reform of agricultural economic base. To achieve that, it is necessary to adopt new laws in agriculture, to conduct modernisation of rural infrastructure and to protect ecosystem through preservation and improvement of agrifood chain functionality.

Flexibility in Lithuania Enterprises: Comparative Analysis of Garment, Food and

The article presents the comparative analysis of flexibility in Lithuania enterprises. The choice of the theme is based on some aspects. First, the influence of highly dynamic environment conditioned by rapid technological changes, increased consumers’ requirements, competition globalization. Trying to keep up with the dynamics of situation, it is very important to perceive the capability of an organization and understand what is going on in their business environment and to take actions before it might be too late. On the second hand, Lithuania enterprises have functioned under the conditions of transitional economy for a long time. This economy has been characterized by the fusion of planned and market economies. A lot of researchers who have studied the peculiarities of Western Europe enterprises have stressed the influence of planned economy, its unwillingness to change, difficulty to adapt to rapidly changing market requirements, low enterprise flexibility, of avoidance risk, fear of responsibility as well as low initiative of employees. It can’t be unlikely stated that today enterprises follow only the principles of market economy, especially when the interior activity of an enterprise is concerned. The attitude of leaders and employees is of the utmost importance, heaving in mind tasks, decisions, enterprise management, changes and development. This attitude has been formed for decades and although it changes with time and is closely connected with changes of business cultural values, the process is not rapid. Third, enterprise flexibility is very much dependent on the sector type. The enterprises of low technologies are functioning under less dynamic conditions than as it is in the case of the enterprises of high technologies. This influences their flexibility. This article presents various authors’ notions of enterprises flexibility, generalizing the main enterprises flexibility features. Basing on the scientific literature analysis a questionnaire was prepared. The survey was carried out in Lithuanian national enterprises where national culture peculiarities based on particular country social, economic, political, and technological development are demonstrated the best. Total 25 garment, food and IT enterprises were surveyed, 748 respondents. Analysis of descriptive statistics was used for research results process. Research results have proved the hypothesis about the flexibility of different enterprises. Surveyed IT enterprises appeared to be the most flexible as compared to garment and food enterprises. However, a general flexibility evaluation should be taken into account. This flexibility could be evaluated as an average one.

INCUBATORS AS A DEVELOPMENT MODEL FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED COMPANIES

There is no doubt in the world today whether or not to support the founding and development of small and medium-sized companies. They have become an objective reality in all modern economies of the world. State, governmental institutions and non-governmental organizations in many developing countries completely support small-scale industry and entrepreneurship. Transitional countries are also trying to achieve a quick development of small and medium-sized companies. The results are significant but not sufficient, since the process of privatization and transition to the principles of marketeconomy are still incomplete. Innovations within the educational system that are beneficial for small-scale industry and entrepreneurship, the increase in numbers of entrepreneurs, as well as the significant support and specific help from the international community in relation to the development of entrepreneurship in the Republika Srpska, are positive and encourageing facts. In order to realize business enterprise when it comes to the development of small business, the modern practice has developed a business incubator system that enables the organization of own buisnesses with support from governmental organs, financial and educational institutions and donors. Incubators make it possible to start the work of several small businesses under one roof. Clusters are a new specific model for developing small and medium-sized companies. The Republika Srpska does have the capability to accept the model of developing small and medium-sized companies by following the model of clusters.

Attitudes Towards Saving in Polish Society During Transformation

Since 1999 the complex reform of the old-age pension system was introduced in Poland and the process of changes is still ongoing. The multi-pillar system replaced the pay-as-you-go system. Voluntary third pillar will guarantee higher pensions for those that decide to save more. However, the systemic changes were placed in the new market economy just being implemented in Poland. New economic reality involves serial of processes influencing management of the current budget. On one hand the principles of market economy impose rigorous environment for management of the disposal income while on the other the dynamically developing market of goods, services and modern banking systems create pressure to spend. The evolution of pension system naturally poses questions concerning how the savings and saving behaviour are perceived in the Polish society during economic transformation. The results of survey conducted in the end of 2004 show that the precaution and life cycle motives of saving are observable in the Polish society but restrain seems to be marginal. In addition, attitudes towards saving are varied by some demographic and socio-economic features. These findings confirm statements referring to relation between the growth in material and social standards and acceptance of consumption style of life [i.e. Katona: 1975, Psychological Economics (Elsevier, New York); Lunt and Livingston: 1992, Mass Consumption and Personal Identity (Open University Press, Buckingham)]. Poles with higher social-economic position are rejecting self-restraint shifting towards consumerism. Nevertheless, common opinion of the respondents advocated savings is in contrary with declared avoiding restraint what is in line with other authors describing attitudes towards saving in conflict [Webley and Nyhus: 2001, Everyday representation of the Economy (WUV Universitatsverlag, Wien)].