Principles Of Market Economy Research Articles

Spatial Analysis of High-Tech Export Performance of the Eastern European Member States of the EU

Some Central and East European countries have integrated into the European Union after 2004 and followed free market economy principles. This paper studies the spatial spillovers effects of high-tech export, Gross Domestic Product per capita, research and development expenditure, number of research and development full time equivalent, and technology accumulation among European Union member Central and East European countries over the period 2007-2020 by using spatial panel estimation models. The main purpose of the paper is to investigate whether high-tech export of European Union member Central and East European countries has a dependency and interaction with each other after EU membership. The estimation results of spatial panel model results reveal that an increment in high-tech exports of adjacent countries increases the high-tech exports of other regional countries. Our results also provide evidence on Gross Domestic Product per capita, and research and development expenditure of European Union member transition economies have positive and significant impacts on high-tech exports of those countries.

Effectiveness of trade and economic integration of asymmetric countries: Assessment methods and tools

Despite the deepening trend of neo-protectionism and the exacerbation of disproportions in national economies, trade integration remains a relevant form of collaboration among countries worldwide and a driver of their innovation and technological development. The article provides comparative analysis of a number of methods for economic-statistical and management analysis that can be used to assess the impact of the economic asymmetry of partner countries on the effectiveness of their trade and economic integration, and shows that they have both certain potential for solving the task and a number of limitations. It is substantiated that the co-integration test is a promising instrument for testing the hypothesis about the expediency of trade integration of economically asymmetric partners. The presence of co-integration between bilateral trade indicators of asymmetric countries is to mean the synchronization of their dynamics and relative changes, despite differences in absolute values. Furthermore, confirmed cointegration of bilateral trade flows between countries can be considered as an indicator of adherence to market economy principles and the conditions of free trade, as well as an indicator of the level of integration of countries into the system of international economic relations. Prospects for further research consist in testing for the presence of indicators on bilateral trade between asymmetric partners co-integration on the example of particular pairs of countries that are parties to regional trade agreements being characterized by significant differences through the pace of economic development.

Regimes for the execution of sentences and rights and obligations of sentenced persons

Correcting deviant behavior has been a problem for society since ancient times. In order to find out what is the most appropriate way to proceed with the retouching of deviant behavior, we must know about the cause of the criminal urge, look for the psychological springs that impel an individual to resort to committing violations of the criminal law. A determining factor is also played by the significant discrepancy between social categories through the unequal distribution of income, which also influences the quality of living standards, living and purchasing power. In this respect, it was desired to join the OECD, being perceived as a means of activating national reforms that have as main objective the improvement of the material situation of citizens. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development is an international body that aims to ensure sustainable economic growth and social stability of 35 developed countries that accept the principles of democracy and free market economy. With Romania's accession to the European Union, it was also desired to get closer to the other European states in order to borrow the methods and measures applied that contribute to maintaining a state of general stability. However, integration did not occur with accession, as demonstrated by repeated refusals and barriers to acceptance into various European and international organizations, the most famous case being the desire to enter the Schengen area, a wish rejected, even if the accession criteria are met. Due to such a vast history with reference to the penitentiary setting, but also due to the worldly character attributed to the execution of custodial measures in recent years, we will go through together the evolution of the penitentiary regime and of the rights and obligations of convicted persons, so that in the end we will see if all these measures to correct those who conduct themselves deviate from the rules admitted by society lead to the expected result.

PROPERTY RELATIONS IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY, RELIABLE PROTECTION OF THE INVIOLABILITY OF PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING THE LEVEL OF CAPITALIZATION OF PRIVATE PROPERTY

This article provides for the creation of reliable protection of ownership relations and property rights, and the implementation of tasks to eliminate factors limiting these rights. At the same time, the reforms carried out by our government in the development of ownership are highlighted. As a result of the conducted analysis, conclusions were drawn on the abolition of restrictions that directly or indirectly limit the right to own, use and dispose of private property, and prevent the full implementation of market economy principles in property relations.

Coevolutionary pragmatism: approaches and impacts of China-Africa Economic Cooperation

After more than two decades of China–Africa scholarship, many exemplary scholarly works exist to help steer complex conversations and debunk the increasing myths and misunderstandings about China’s surging interests in Africa. Like some of the perceptive works, Xiaoyang Tang’s finely conceptualized and analysed book stands out among many. With a wide grasp of the numerous complex issues facing China–Africa engagements in a multidisciplinary manner, this book helps break the usual tussle between apologists and sceptics of China–Africa cooperation. He largely achieves this with an enriched work based on years of his fieldwork cleverly interwoven with concepts and conclusions that simply help answer the question of whether China’s development approach offers alternative opportunities to advance African economic development. Tang largely stays away from the traditional unilinear and rather monolithic development perspective that has been considered ineffectual in delivering the rewards of sustainable economic growth in developing countries—Washington Consensus. Instead, he brilliantly offers a fresh perspective born out of the old wisdom of economic growth through pertinent engagements among multiple (Chinese and African) stakeholders, at diverse levels—from grassroots to policymakers. In eight carefully crafted chapters and a conclusion, the book begins with a conceptual exposition. Similar to the ideals of the post-Washington Consensus, Tang effectively theorizes the coevolutionary pragmatic approach by establishing that ‘China and the West no longer disagree on the value of capitalist markets’ (p. 7) and that instead of the infamous prescribed unilinear approach to the development served by Washington institutions, China in essence drives market economic principles through diverse socio-political systems.

Conceptual failure of post-Soviet integration

This work makes an attempt to retrospectively analyze and systematize the trade and political approaches and defining motives of the post-Soviet states in the formation of foreign economic relations. A systematic analysis of the emerging situation and the agreements signed in different years on joining various integration associations or international institutions allows us to state that the trade and political choice of the states in question was based on several factors, in particular: (a) geographical contiguity with more developed market economies; (b) a wish and need to obtain resources (financial, technological, managerial) and skills from a more developed economic entity. In cases where such an opportunity was not available, states were forced to adhere to a multi-vector foreign economic and foreign policy concept. As a result, the choice based on developed market principles and comparative competitive advantages, including geographic advantages, created conditions incompatible with new regional integration and contributed to a gradual disintegration within the previously created formats. Another important factor of regional disintegration was the desire of all independent states, including the Russian Federation, to become a part of the world economic system on common rules of functioning of international institutions, de facto responsible for the international division of labor and the global development of social and production relations. In theory, the obtained results mean that the economic integration in the post-Soviet space on the general principles of market economy functioning in the paradigm of the catch-up development model had no prospects, so it was mostly based on the socio-cultural and political principles, which were rapidly transformed due to the change of generations, as well as taking into account the development of world economy and technology. In practice, it means that in order to overcome the challenges that face the economy of Russia and institutionally associated EAEU member states, given their conceptual heterogeneity, approaches to overcoming the consequences of crisis phenomena should be conceptual rather than reactive and situational, and should be based on high-tech solutions.

Leadership Styles, Motivation, Communication and Reward Systems in Business Performance

This research project aims to analyse the leadership and communication styles adopted by Angolan companies, particularly in Benguela province, and their impact on the results of these organisations. In Angola, and with the recent assimilation of the principles of market economy, the figure of the leader must abandon old management paradigms and integrate the modern principles of management of organisations into their functions, not only focusing on achieving the goals of the company but also on creating an environment conducive to the participation and involvement of employees, articulating strategies so that everyone grows in and with the organisation. Thus, the general objective of the research is to assess the managers’ perception of their leadership style (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and its impact on the organisation’s performance. To this end, a quantitative study was carried out using a questionnaire, using, among other dimensions, the multifactorial leadership questionnaire (MLQ), distributed to a sample of 227 managers. Data were analysed using SPSS using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, ANOVA, Tukey’s test). The results show that the leaders perceive their leadership styles as transformational and recognise that communication, motivation, and the reward system strongly impact the organisation’s performance.

Assessment of the need and advantages of state intervention in the economy in the conditions of market economy

National Leader Heydar Aliyev, the architect of independent state building in Azerbaijan, laid the foundations of the state regulation system that meets modern requirements in the economy, and in a complex situation, he formed an efficient state mechanism based on market economy principles which is completely different from the administrative-emirate system. Independent state-building in Azerbaijan, its implementation based on the principles of market economy and the transformation of our country into an equal member of the system of international relations set very important and completely new tasks for the economy of our republic, including the system of regulating foreign economic relations. In modern times, state regulation of the economy is not denied in any civilized country. The free market economy is not capable of solving all the social and economic problems of modern society, therefore the state's intervention in the economy becomes necessary in areas that the market economy cannot regulate. World experience shows that the state plays a decisive role in ensuring the normal functioning of every economic system. It can be said that in almost all countries, the state has the capacity to influence economic and social development to a great extent. The article focuses on the study of these and other issues.

Odwracanie znaczeń i zacieranie granic jako narzędzie sprawowania współczesnej władzy

The blurring of the previous lines, changing meanings and assessment criteria, the shortening of the distance between dissimilarities accompanies the contemporary world’s transformation. The distinction between the extremes, among others between fiction and reality, the truth and the lie, good and evil is more and more difficult to recognize. It is the consequence of globalization, promoting the principles of neo-liberal market economy, economization of all spheres of live, growing role of mass media influence and development of manipulative techniques impact on people. It results many effects, for example: dehumanization and commercialization of human relationships and cultural patterns, erosion of borders and disappearance of the sphere of the sacred and taboo and good and evil., confusion and disintegration of people, shaping people without their own views, values, beliefs, personalities.

Revisiting China’s Market Economy Status: State Capitalism within the Liberal Trading System

This paper examines the question of China’s compliance with market economy principles. China has reformed away from central planning in the past four decades, but has it achieved a fully-fledged market economy? The paper sheds new light on the contested nature of China’s market economy status from a political economy perspective. It draws on the Varieties of Capitalism analytical framework. The paper explains China’s status as a market economy as the product of a national model of state-dominated institutional complementarities between high levels of trade openness and domestic regulation, including nonmarket principles for the deployment of financial resources and labour.

ОСУЧАСНЕННЯ НАПРЯМІВ НІВЕЛЮВАННЯ ФІНАНСОВОЇ НАПРУЖЕНОСТІ : ЗАГРОЗИ ВИНИКНЕННЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЇ КРИЗИ

Recent decades have been defined by the principles of development, liberal democracy, market economy and sophisticated competition. A new generation grew up on these claims, believing that economic growth, interdependence, freedom of thought and speech, and human progress were as predictable as they were inevitable. However, in 2022 the situation has changed radically, the consequences of which are the basis for the spread of the food crisis, both in Ukraine and in the world as a whole. The aim of the article is to identify obvious and inconspicuous factors of the food crisis in Ukraine and the world, characterize the risks of new segments of financial tensions, identify issues of segmentation of markets and production, the formation of relevant trade blocs. The subject of research - current trends of financial tensions, changes in financial, economic and food supply chains, new threats of food crises. The research hypothesis is the unconditional influence of the consequences of financial and economic deformations on the tendencies of modification of food chains, regional centers of food security, the emergence and spread of the food crisis on all continents and opportunities to prevent it. Methods used in the study: comparison, comparison, systematic and analytical approaches, generalization and classification, dialectical and formal logic. Presenting main material. It is established that currently Ukrainian society is at a critical stage of historical development, the existing economic landscapes are changing instantly. The global pandemic, new external positions, and climate change indicators have already made a negative contribution to the future of the economy and financial markets: too much external debt, too low projected growth and too fast-growing inflation are currently being noted. Neither the government nor civil society is able to meet these challenges alone, so domestic and global cooperation is becoming vital to us. Some countries are taking unilateral trade measures today, which is exacerbating the crisis. It is emphasized that the lack of food security is a catalyst for all crises, which directly leads to armed conflict. The originality and practical significance of the results is the possibility of applying the recommendations to improve accounting and analytical and financial control procedures, improving the efficiency of business processes of economic entities in modern conditions. Conclusions of the study. Thus, the current year becomes the starting point of the economic downturn, which causes the application of austerity measures, which in turn will lead to new manifestations of populism and new uncompromising positions. Regardless of whether discount rates will rise or oil prices fall, influential investors will continue to grow and determine the direction of the global financial capital market.

INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE FOR WAR-TIME MONETARY POLICY: LESSONS FOR UKRAINE

Monetary policy directly acts as a significant element of national security. Rather than merely influencing economic security, it is relevant in broader terms as its results indirectly affect the social, ecological and other aspects of societal existence. The paper considers the examples of monetary policy implemented in war-time of different eras based on the existing system of monetary management (Bretton Woods, post-Bretton Woods, inflation targeting, floating exchange rate, etc.). Focus is placed on the changing principles of monetary policy during the war waged by Russia against Ukraine. On the one hand, Russia’s monetary policy has returned to the administrative practices of the USSR and has practically suspended conversion of the ruble. On the other hand, Ukraine has employed limited administrative restrictions as the National Bank of Ukraine tries to uphold the main principles of market economy. The author concludes that despite the reoccurrence of some key approaches, in general, the international experience indicates the absence of any particular standards of war-time monetary policy. Therefore, evidently in such conditions it is more reasonable to develop an individual approach to monetary policy that takes into account the experience of other countries in one way or another.

Дихотомия политэкономии социализма 1960–1970-х гг.: между планом и рынком

The study continues the discussion opened in this journal by R. M. Nureev and P. A. Orekhovsky (2021, No. 2) about the development of the political economy of socialism in the 1960s and 1970s in the USSR. Soviet economists of this period were highly aware of the imminent changes in the country’s economy and especially of the need for a transition from the mobilization economy to a more normal economic cycle based on the broader use of commodity-money relations and market relations. These questions were at the centre of the debates between the proponents of economic planning and advocates of the «natural» market system: the latter school of thought consisted of researchers from the Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciencies and was led by Yakov Kronrod and the former were members of the Department of Political Economy of the Moscow State University led by Nikolai Tsagolov. This debate helped formulate the key principles of market economy and cast doubt on the feasibility of many Soviet ideological formulae and cliches. The discussion was put to an end by the administrative interference when the Central Committee of the Communist Party issued a decree in 1971, which led to the reorganization of the Institute of Economics. Thus, the school that supported economic planning won and the development of a rudimentary market economy was suppressed. As a result of this debate, however, the key concepts and mechanisms of the transition from the centrally planned to market economy (which happened two decades later) were formulated. In the post-Soviet period, the speed of the transition to the market economy and the inadequacy of the economic reforms caused significant damage to the country’s economic system. Until the collapse of the USSR, the proponents of the market economy had continued to defend its advantages over the planned economy but did not support the idea of a market society. Although the political economy played a crucial role in the intellectual history of Russia, in the post-Soviet period, it largely lost its former significance.

On the issue of the mobilization economy in the new social reality

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to develop the “mobilization economy” concept, conditioned by the new social reality that has developed over the past decades, as an alternative to the concept of a liberal market model. Growing macroeconomic and geopolitical instability and uncertainty, steadily increasing threats and risks determine the dynamics and multidirectional nature of modern socio-economic processes, which creates the need for society to develop new economic development scenarios adequate to modern challenges. The article reveals the content and nature of the “mobilization economic model” and its determinancy by the growing trend towards socialization and production concentration, its further diversification. In the context of inefficient and unfair competition spread in modern conditions, general decline in the efficiency of small-scale production, and crisis of the participatory management model, the authors reveal specific prospects and directions for the formation of a “mobilization economic model” as a backup option for force majeure political and economic situations and most appropriate to the era of the globalism crisis, the growing civilizational confrontation of the collective West to other poles of the world development and the risks associated with these circumstances (price and trade wars, sanctions policy and degradation of free market economy principles).

Ukraine as a Country of Focus for the Government of Canada in the Context of Russia’s Aggression

The central thesis of this paper is that Canadian-Ukrainian relations have fostered certain peculiarities due to the fact that in Canada (the Land of Maple Leaf), a hefty percentage of citizens are of the Ukrainian origin. Social mobility of the Canadian Ukrainians is traditionally forcing top-level authorities to have their focus resolve around the Ukrainians’ needs and expectations. Noteworthy, since the World War II, Canada has been a pivotal role in constant efforts to strengthen Ukraine’s democracy. While ardently supporting Ukraine’s will for gaining its independence, after dissolution of the Soviet Union, Canada’s government acted in compliance with the international law. Particularly, the Soviet Union’s collapse put Ukraine on the map of the international political landscape and made it known to become independent from the Russian Federation. It should be articulated, Poland was first country to recognize the independence of Ukraine on December 2, 1991. Canada was the second world state to have acknowledged Ukraine to be a sovereign state. In the 30-year-long-run Ukraine gained worldwide recognition. Undoubtedly, Ukraine- Canada relationship has laid its crucial fundamentals for the global acknowledgment. The author of the article estimates that both countries have signed more than 50 documents, which are handling their relationship. According to the author, sovereign Ukraine is an especially important factor for European security, which is facilitated by the present-day Canada-Ukraine relations. The author of the article emphasizes on Canada-Ukraine relations to be recognized as a unique and genuine partnership. To be more precise, the scholar discloses the significant value of the Joint Declaration on Special Partnership signed in 1994, which was extended twice - in 2001 and 2008. Remarkably, the paper analyzes Canadian-Ukrainian relations from the beginning till 2018. It highlights two stages f the relations establishment - before 2014 and after the Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. Furthermore, the author stresses on his personal contribution in the scientific research on Canada’s policy in terms of Russia’s aggression against Ukraine over the years. Provisions of the article are proved by the relevant Canadian-Ukrainian documents. In addition to the mentioned Declaration, there is an Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation between Ukraine and Canada, dated 1994. Document reaffirmed both sides’ commitment to the democratic values and the principles of market economy. It also defined development in the political, security, economic, social and cultural areas of Ukraine-Canada relations. Since the article is devoted to bilateral relations between the two countries in extremely difficult time for Ukraine, related to Russian aggression, article says a lot about the aggression itself, about the support for Ukraine to overcome it, about the reaction of the world society. To confirm it, author involved a bilateral document Defence Cooperation Arrangement, dated April 3, 2017. The body of the article goes on to emphasize Canada’s bolstering democratic and market reforms in Ukraine. However, the author draws attention that the current trade and mutual investments capacity leaves much to be desired. Nevertheless, the Canada government and the pro-Ukrainian Canadians provided significant support to Ukraine during the Orange Revolution and the Revolution of Dignity. Authorities in Ottawa denounced Russia’s aggression against Ukraine by joining the sanctions imposing policy of the Western countries. Ottawa has clearly spoken out against Russia’s annexation of Crimea and destabilization in Donbas and supported sale of the lethal weapons to Ukraine. First of all, Canada supports Ukraine through diplomatic policy, as well as in Ukraine’s efforts in implementing economic reforms and strengthening the state security system.

CORRUPTION AND MONEY LAUNDERING – BASIC COMPONENTS OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIME

Economic and financial crime is based on three main pillars, namely the underground economy, corruption and money laundering. Corruption seen as a central element of the phenomenon called economic and financial crime is likely to seriously distort the health of the economic environment in a state, altering democratic governance and the rule of law, in fact a real threat to economic development on the principles of market economy. In the following we will refer to theoretical approaches of the literature on the phenomenon of corruption, revealing a possible form of quantification, respectively how it affects the economic environment and the social implications associated with the manifestations of this phenomenon. We aim to perform a theoretical analysis of the corruption term, and then develop the study with the analysis of real implications in society. The research in question is intended to be a basis for understanding the phenomenon in correlation with the complexity of social implications, in order to subsequently propose concrete solutions to combat it, aiming to limit it and its adverse effects on the economy and society. The phenomenon of money laundering can be considered a reaction of the private environment to the fiscal strategy of the state. In this paper we have analyzed this phenomenon to reveal the methods and means used by different people to mask certain amounts of money of dubious origin, in order to reintegrate financial flows into legal economic circuits. The use of the methodology for investigating the specialized literature, followed by the analysis and synthesis of data, allowed us to identify the main implications of corruption in the economic and social ecosystem of the state, respectively the structuring of money laundering techniques and methods.

Asymmetry in Ukrainian-Polish Economic Relations and Ways of Solving Contradictions

Attention is focused on topical issues of the development of mutually beneficial trade and economic relations between Ukraine and the Republic of Poland, which is one of the main strategic partners of Ukraine on the way to European and Euro-Atlantic integration. The article describes radical changes in the structure and incentives of economic relations in two neighbouring countries using the recommendations of the Washington Consensus, based on the principles of macroeconomic discipline, market economy and openness to the outside world. A retrospective analysis of the development of bilateral trade relations is carried out, indicating the existence of deep historical traditions, established close economic ties between countries. A significant revival of bilateral trade was noted after the entry into force in full of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, including the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area. The problems of the development of two economic systems are analysed from the standpoint of the theory of asymmetry, which should be understood as the phenomenon of increasing differences in the dynamics of changes in the structure of trade, other indicators of socio-economic development caused by the multidirectional influence of a set of internal and external factors. Disproportions in bilateral trade and economic relations have been investigated both in spatial and temporal terms. The problem of the existence of disagreements in statistical data from the Ukrainian and Polish sides, the reasons for their occurrence are considered. The need to strengthen the trend of replacing mainly raw materials of Ukrainian exports with high-tech, with a greater share of processing, added value, which is possible in the context of cardinal changes in the sectoral structure of the national economy, was confirmed. Recommendations are proposed for improving the plan of the Ukrainian-Polish strategic partnership, establishing an effective mechanism of responsibility for its implementation, which should contribute to the economic rapprochement of the two countries and improve the quality of life of the population.

INVITED POLICY ECONOMICS PAPER — ECONOMICS IN ASIA 1995–2020

Over the last 25 years, Asia’s economic rise has been extraordinary. Its share of global gross domestic product (GDP) has risen from 5.8% to 22.9%. 1 The first phase of high economic growth — up to 1995 — saw Asia enter the global supply chain primarily with labor-intensive/low-cost manufacturing. Domestic consumption was a fairly low share of GDP; Asia was manufacturing mainly for consumption in the US and Europe. As such, it was primarily a rule-taker. In the second phase — from 1995 to 2020 — it gradually turned into an economic force joining the US and Europe in shaping the global economy, exercising significant influence upon the value chain, the cycles of the global economy, transport and logistics, the global capital markets and consumption patterns (consumer preferences and tastes). While not yet among the leading rule-makers, it had become difficult for policymakers (public and private) to make decisions without Asia’s consent. To form an opinion of today’s emerging third phase — post 2020 — the intriguing question is whether the Asian countries have adopted what may be termed Anglo-American economic thinking (basically, the primacy of the market). Or whether behind the curtain, the Asian economy works in its own way diverging from the American and British economic schools. Since demographics and sheer economic scale mean that Asia will dominate the global economy in the years to come, the nature of the Asian economy will be of crucial importance for the future global economy. The conclusion of this paper is that “Asia” in many respects differs — and fundamentally so — from market economy principles. How this prospect should be interpreted is also evolving, as circumstances change. Certainly, the repercussions of COVID-19 have not been the same in the US, Europe, East Asia and South Asia — and this may suggest that socio-political structures have a stronger impact on economic outcomes than economic theory teaches, thus calling into question the global validity of market economy principles.

Concurrent Jurisdiction in Competition Law Enforcement in Tanzania with Some Lessons from the United Kingdom and South Africa

The enactment of concurrent jurisdiction between the Fair Competition Commission and the economic regulatory authorities in Tanzania after adoption of market economy principles in economic management was not an anomaly but a necessary undertaking. This paper attempts to show that the fact that competition authorities use different rules from those used by regulatory authorities both sets of institutions can facilitate competition. The concurrent jurisdiction guidance provided in the laws governing the existing economic regulatory institutions provide that where two legally mandated institutions coincide in dealing with an issue, no law overrides the other unless it is expressly stated in the relevant legislation. In such a situation the issue is referred to the Minister. The paper’s main suggestion is that concurrent jurisdiction in the Acts presupposed a single oversight Ministry for both FCA and regulatory authorities which is currently not the case in Tanzania today. Drawing lessons from similar authorities in the United Kingdom and South Africa, this paper has proposed that Tanzania should establish a Tanzania Competition Network (TCN) to act as forum for cooperation between FCC, economic regulatory authorities and Government officials responsible for competition and regulatory issues. Key Words: Competition, concurrent jurisdiction, competition authorities, oversight Ministry, economic regulatory authorities.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ СФЕРЕ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН

The purpose of the article is to analyze the application of mechanisms for the development of entrepreneurship in the production sector of the regions of Kazakhstan and develop proposals for its improvement. The research uses General scientific research methods such as observation, description, analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative, formal-logical and other methods of cognition. Statistical data and data on projects of Damu entrepreneurship Development Fund JSC, which provides assistance in the creation and development of small and medium-sized business projects in Kazakhstan, were used as a research information base. This article demonstrates and analyzes current quantitative information on the number of enterprises in the field of small and medium-sized businesses in the regional and industry context. In order to lay the foundations for more inclusive, rational and sustainable growth, Kazakhstan needs to diversify its production and export structure, as well as reduce its dependence on extractive industries by switching to new high-productivity industries. In particular, Kazakhstan should continue reforms aimed at improving the business climate and laying the foundations for the development of entrepreneurship in the production sector, which is connected not so much with natural resources as with innovation and human capital. Every year in the country there is a positive dynamic of growth in the number of enterprises in the field of small and medium-sized businesses. The study also reviewed reviews of the international company OECD (Organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD). OECD, eng. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) – international economic organization of developed countries that recognize the principles of representative democracy and free market economy.) for 2016-2019. The forms and sources of financing are investigated, and the features of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the production sector aimed at stimulating and supporting entrepreneurship and SME activities, including related areas of research and innovation are determined. Measures are proposed to minimize regulatory requirements and improve mechanisms for supporting and protecting domestic producers working in the conditions of Kazakhstan's entry into the Eurasian economic space.