Market Cost Research Articles

Analisis Margin Pemasaran Sayuran Selada Hidroponik di Stekaifarm Kelurahan Wailan Kecamatan Tomohon Utara

This study aims to analyze the marketing margin of Stekaifarm hydroponic lettuce vegetables in Tomohon city, Wailan Village, North Tomohon District.This study uses primary data types and secondary data. Primary data obtained by themselves from observations that have been carried out directly at the research location as well as from interviews with respondents. Meanwhile, secondary data is data sourced from data that has been issued by Stekaifarm Sampling is carried out by interviewing farmers to find out other sample sources (Snowball Sampling). The number of research samples was 1 corn farmer and 3 retailers. The results of the study were analyzed using marketing margin analysis. The results of the study were analyzed using marketing margin analysis. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there are only 2 levels of Stekaifarm lettuce marketing with 1 zero-level marketing pattern and 3 one-level marketing patterns. From the results of the study, the margin obtained by each institution varies in pattern I marketing level one margin obtained IDR30,000 with a profit margin of IDR19,925, pattern channel II level one IDR25,000 with profit margin IDR16,499 and pattern channel III level one IDR25,000 with profit margin of IDR23,525. The largest margin is found in the channel I pattern while the largest profit margin is in the channel III pattern. There is a difference in profit margin in each institution because the costs incurred are also different from the pattern of the first channel which has the largest marketing costs because the marketing channel is the longest.

EXPRESS: Self-Donations and Charitable Contributions in Online Crowdfunding: an Empirical Analysis

Many charitable projects have started using online crowdfunding platforms to raise donations. The rise of these platforms as fundraising vehicles has been partially driven by easy access to a large pool of potential donors without the significant marketing costs that commonly accompany traditional fundraising. However, such a low cost of entry also results in a significant "crowding" of projects, making it difficult for donors to decide which projects to donate to. Thus, a charitable project encounters a fundamental marketing challenge of standing out from other projects when conventional techniques like advertising and promotion are limited. In this paper, we posit that a project can credibly signal its quality via a strategy of "self-donation," whereby the project steward donates to her own project. Our empirical setting is an online education crowdfunding platform. By examining millions of donations, we find that self-donations improve the donation pace, contributed amount, and funding success. We show that the self-donation strategy works only when a self-donation is visible to potential donors and is especially effective at the early stage of the funding cycle or when project stewards are inexperienced, where the projects face significant uncertainty. We find evidence for self-donation as a quality signal through various observable proxies like impact letters to donors and corporate matching. Overall, our findings are consistent with a signaling mechanism that allows the separation of high-quality projects from lower-quality ones.

Influence of Social Media Short Video Marketing on Consumer Brand Attitude

More and more people favor short videos due to their short duration, high entertainment value, ease of production and sharing, increased network speed, and coverage of mobile terminals. Short video marketing has become the primary marketing tool for businesses owning to their strong interaction, high promotion efficiency, low cost of marketing, and positive user experience. In this context, optimizing the effectiveness of short videos for marketing has gained a lot of attention. Specifically, this study examined the influence of social media short video marketing on consumer brand attitude. This study employed three independent variables, one intermediate variable, and one dependent variable, totaling five variables. The three aspects of short video marketing—interesting content, scenario-based experiences, and user participation were also assessed. The dependent variable is brand attitude, while the mediator is brand perception. 385 people who used short videos from Beijing participated in this study. After analyzing with SPSS, the study revealed that interesting content, scene-based experiences, user participation, and interaction positively affect brand attitude. Likewise, brand perception acts as an intermediary between short video marketing and brand attitude.

The Causal Linkages between Market Power and Cost Efficiency: Testing Quiet Life Hypothesis for the Banking Industry

This study aims to test the quiet life hypothesis considering the impact of market power on cost efficiency in Pakistani banks where managers of the banking industry slacken their efforts to enjoy a ‘quiet life’ due to market power and are not focused on the cost efficiency of their banks. Thus, banks with high market power are relatively less focused on the efficient allocation of resources, resulting in a loss of consumer surplus and efficiency. We take panel data for a sample of 25 commercial banks throughout 2006-2019. Our findings suggest Uni-directional causality running from cost efficiency towards market power in the case of Pakistan. In addition, to control for endogeneity, we adopt a dynamic two-step system GMM approach to model the relationship between market power and cost efficiency. Our findings suggest significantly negative effects of cost efficiency over market power, disproving the presence of quiet life in the case of Pakistan. This study provides substantial theoretical contributions in the form of the Quiet life hypothesis and welfare performance of banks. However, to the best of our knowledge, the causal linkages and the effects of market power on cost efficiency or vice versa are not documented for the banking industry of Pakistan.

Exploration of marketing strategies through resource quantification and economic evaluation in Elaeocarpus serratus L., unlocking its potential

Elaeocarpus serratus L. is an indigenous tree that yields edible fruits with high nutritional value, yet the cultivation, marketing in mainstreams and consumption have not intensified so far despite its potential. So, this work aims to realize the unexplored potential of E. serratus as an agroforestry resource by evaluating the economic as well as marketing status of the fruits. The methodology consists of assessing the resource distribution, fruit yield, constraints for domestication and economic viability of E. serratus. According to resource quantification data, cluster 1 had the highest average fruit yield (32.5 kg). The respondents' opinionated harvesting challenges, with a mean Likert score of 3.711, underscore that the majority of fruits were wasted. The processed, salt dipped fruits have the highest selling profit of 150 INR (USD 1.80) per kg. The selling of fruits through different market channels and the t-test analysis of profit of raw and processed fruits indicated a significant difference (P<0.001). The raw and processed fruits have a total marketing cost of 995 INR (12 USD) and 1030 INR (USD 12.44) (for 10 kg). However, the marketing efficiency and degree of market performance were observed to be poor. The lack of value-added products, scattered distributions, seasonal availability and priority for exotic fruits affect their demand. Further, the study emphasizes the need to address marketing challenges and explore the economic potential of E. serratus. This aligns with the broader goal of sustainable management and commercial feasibility of other underutilized fruits globally and the report is the first of our knowledge.

Information transmit strategy of e-commerce platform with financially constrained supplier

A signaling game model is constructed in the framework of a supply chain system consisting of a financially constrained supplier and an e-commerce platform acting as marketplace and a creditor simultaneously. The primary concern of this work is to investigate how the e-commerce platform, which has superior information about market demand, indirectly communicates this information to the financially constrained supplier through its marketing efforts. Under both separating and pooling equilibria, the decisions and profits of each member of the supply chain are firstly considered. Furthermore, using an “intuitive criterion”, the e-commerce platform’s dominant strategy and its influencing factors are analyzed. The results show that when there is a significant difference in the marginal marketing costs, the platform tends to choose the separating equilibrium. When the difference in marginal marketing costs is relatively slight, the e-commerce platform’s dominant strategy depends on the capital of the supplier and the level of market demand fluctuations. Specifically, the e-commerce platform will select the pooling equilibrium when market demand fluctuations are minimal, but the platform will select the separating equilibrium when market demand fluctuations are substantially large. If the supplier’s capital is increased within a certain range, the e-commerce platform is more motivated to select the pooling equilibrium. In addition, the platform usage fee ratio, the platform loan interest rate and the supplier’s prior beliefs are important factors influencing the platform’s decision.

Comparative analysis of approaches to assessing the market cost of business in domestic and foreign practice

The greatest demand in the modern world is for business valuation service. Valuation activity makes it possible to identify the important characteristics of a particular business which is necessary for making management decisions by company owners. The results of business valuation are used to determine existing perspectives: the presence of investment opportunities, ways to optimise business processes, need to expand business activities, etc. According to statistics, several decades ago, business valuation was conducted in no more than 10 % of cases. Currently, on the contrary, more than 90 % of companies are interested in regular valuation. However, the widespread demand for business valuation has made it possible to find a number of pressing problems that need to be solved in the future. One of the most serious сhallenges is the existence of problem areas in the national legal framework. The work examines the process of business valuation using basic methods and approaches, analyses the foreign experience on the research topic and also valuates a domestic enterprise in different ways. The authors concluded that it is necessary to choose the method that can be most effective in valuating a particular enterprise in particular conditions.

Betel Vine Marketing in Tamil Nadu, India: Price Spread Analysis

Tamil Nadu is one the leading betel leaf cultivating states in the country. Besides, it faces significant challenges in producing betel vines due to risk of pests and diseases. These risks have a negative impact on the farm economy. Disease outbreaks can be incredibly concerning and have an impact on a company's profitability. The higher labour costs, pest and disease and natural calamities have made it difficult for farmers to produce their crops. Therefore, it was essential to study the marketing cost, price spread and marketing efficiency of betel vine in Tamil Nadu. The use of a well-structured interview schedule allowed for the collection of information from farmers regarding the cost and return of producing betel vines. From the local marketplaces in Thanjavur District, village traders, commission agents, wholesalers and retailers were chosen. Price spread and marketing efficiency were used to know about the marketing cost and the price received by the farmer. The efficient marketing channel was channel III (Producer → Retailer → Consumer) because it has the lowest price spread of 18.9 per cent which be due to a smaller number of intermediaries. The marketing efficiency in channel III (16.1) was higher than in channel I (10.6) and channel II (6.3) respectively. Thus, marketing of betel leaf in channel III was more efficient for farmers.

The Trends of Potential User Research from 2014-2023 Based on Bibliometric and Bertopic

Objective: Despite the increasing importance of lead generation research in increasing product or market share, cost and resource constraints have become a challenge for SMEs.Therefore, this study aims to explore and reveal research themes and market trends hidden in articles on lead generation over the past 10 years. . Theoretical Framework: In this study, qualitative and quantitative methods are combined, and three methods of bibliometrics, network analysis and BERTopic topic modeling are used to analyze the literature. Method: A total of 7446 articles were analysed using bibliometrics, network analysis and BERTopic thematic modelling as the basis of a mixed method approach. Results and Discussion: The study found that the field is currently experiencing a downward trend after a phase of rapid growth. During this period, the United States and China were the countries with the highest number of articles accounting for 77% of the total; the Journal of Cleaner Journal of Cleaner Production was the most cited journal. In addition, the potential user studies cover 43 mainstream topics, focusing on 6 aspects . In the in-depth analysis of the theme evolution, it was found that the potential user study gradually evolved from the initial multidimensional application to focus on open service, and was more oriented towards the public service field. Research Implications: This provides a strong theoretical basis and practical guidance for identifying potential customers and increasing conversion rates and revenues. Originality/Value: To our knowledge, this is the first study to use a mixed-methods approach to lead generation, which will help researchers to tackle more complex challenges and changes in the future.

Demand forecast information sharing with manufacturer encroachment

This study explores the interplay between the manufacturer’s encroachment strategy and the retailer’s information sharing strategy in a supply chain, wherein both the upstream manufacturer and downstream retailer possess private demand forecast information. The manufacturer has the option to establish a direct selling channel to encroach on the end market, and the retailer can decide whether to share private information with the manufacturer. We consider four scenarios and derive the corresponding equilibrium outcomes of firms. Theoretical research results show that when the manufacturer opts not to encroach, neither the manufacturer nor the retailer will voluntarily share their demand information. In contrast, if the manufacturer encroaches, they will reach an information sharing agreement under certain conditions. Once such an agreement is reached, the manufacturer can benefit more from encroachment. If information sharing is not achieved, the manufacturer encroaches only if his unit direct selling cost is lower than a certain threshold. In addition, fierce competition among channels encourages the manufacturer to encroach. Based on the abovementioned works, we conduct numerical studies to analyze the impact of forecast accuracy on the profits and information sharing value of the manufacturer, the retailer and the whole supply chain. These results offer valuable management insights for firms. For example, the improved forecast accuracy is beneficial to both firms. Moreover, as the channel substitution rate increases, not only the possibility of manufacturer encroachment increases, but both the manufacturer and the whole supply chain also get more profits from it.

“E-Commerce Supply Chain Efficiency: A Case Study of Amazon Ecommerce Company”

This research is on supply chain efficiency of e-commerce industry. this research is on specific company for get idea about all e-commerce platform. Amazon company is one of the largest ecommerce companies in the world with extensive market capitalization. We are going to know that how amazon company maintain its supply and orders with their demands. There are mainly four key elements for efficient supply chain is integration, operation, purchasing and distribution. With supply chain efficiency, amazon will pick up inventory from manufacturing facilities around the world, ship it across borders, handle customs clearance and ground transportation, store inventory in bulk, manage replenishment across amazon and other sales channels, and driver directly to customer. All without seller having to worry about managing their supply chain. The new solution allows sellers to spend more time building great products, delighting customers, and growing their business, while amazon handles the logistics, improves delivery speed and reduce costs for sellers

Contribution Margin Analysis as a Tool for Profit Planning in the PT Labiva Jaya Utama Travel Services Business in Parepare

Contribution margin is the result of sales that have been reduced by all variable costs for production and marketing which can cover fixed costs and produce a profit in total per unit. This research aims to find out how to calculate the contribution margin and to be able to find out the contribution margin as a tool for profit planning. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method that uses a descriptive approach and data is also obtained from direct interviews and documentation. The research results show that the contribution margin of PT. Labiva Jaya Utama in 2020 amounted to IDR 79,760,000, in 2021 it amounted to IDR 87,850,000 and in 2022 it amounted to IDR 62,760,000. By calculating the margin, it makes it easier for the company to calculate the level of profit earned by the company each year.

A green but also just transition? Variations in social and industrial policy responses to industrial decarbonisation in EU member states

The EU aims for net carbon neutrality by 2050. Since industry contributes substantially to carbon emissions, reforms to decarbonise industry are necessary to achieve this goal. However, these reforms may entail labour market costs in the form of unemployment, which may necessitate social policies to mitigate them. Our article provides a novel contribution to the existing literature by developing a framework to classify how these policy responses may vary across EU Member States and it also suggests sources for these variations. We analyse the planned social policy responses of four countries – Denmark, Germany, Spain and Poland – by comparing the emphasis on social investment relative to compensation; the emphasis on social relative to industrial policy; and the extent to which social policy is targeted. Our findings suggest that Danish plans will rely primarily on social investment, whereas Poland will rely on compensation. In Germany, there is a greater emphasis on industrial policy, and Spain’s planned responses differ between policies targeted at coal miners and policies for other workers.

Optimizing Energy Arbitrage: Benchmark Models for LFP Battery Dynamic Activation Costs in Reactive Balancing Market

This study introduces a novel benchmark model for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries in reactive energy imbalance markets, filling a notable gap by incorporating comprehensive operational parameters and market dynamics that are overlooked by conventional models. Addressing the absence of a holistic benchmark for energy-storage systems in electricity markets, this research focuses on the integration of LFP batteries, considering their unique characteristics and market responsiveness. Regression and regularization techniques, coupled with temporal cross-validation, were employed to ensure model robustness and accuracy in predicting energy trading outcomes. This methodological approach allows for a nuanced analysis of battery degradation, power capacity, energy content, and real-time market prices. The model, validated using Belgium’s system imbalance market data from the 2020–2023 period, incorporates both capital and operational expenditures to assess the economic and operational viability of LFP battery energy-storage systems (BESSs). The findings reveal that considering a broader range of operational parameters in energy arbitrage, beyond just the usual energy prices and round-trip efficiency, significantly influences the cost-effectiveness and performance benchmarking of energy storage solutions. This paper advocates for the strategic use of LFP batteries in energy markets, highlighting their potential to enhance grid stability and energy trading profitability. The proposed benchmark model serves as a critical tool for energy traders, providing a detailed framework for informed decision making in the evolving landscape of energy storage technologies.

Churn Prediction in Telecommunication Industry: A Comparative Analysis of Boosting Algorithms

The issue of customer churn, which is a major problem in the telecommunications industry, poses several challenges, such as financial implications, client attrition, and increased marketing costs. The advancements achieved in the domain of machine learning and artificial intelligence have significantly expanded the possibilities for forecasting customer churn, presenting a promising resolution for effectively handling customer attrition and enhancing customer retention. This study presents a customer churn prediction model that uses machine learning approaches to assist telecom firms in enhancing customer retention and mitigating churn rates. The study employs machine learning techniques, such as Adaboost, Gradient Boosting, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), in order to evaluate extensive datasets and provide predictions on customer churn via a comparative evaluation. The methodology involves extracting data from the Kaggle data pool, doing further data preparation, and identifying relevant features. The Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) is used as a strategy to mitigate the challenges posed by imbalanced data. The dataset is partitioned into training and testing sets at a ratio of 75% to 25%. The XGBoost model demonstrated superior accuracy and recall, positioning itself as the top-performing model among the studied models. The attained accuracy rate was 89.51%. The XGBoost method has a recall rate of 92.48%, which is the highest of the three algorithms evaluated. Gradient boosting follows with a recall rate of 87.69%, while Adaboost achieves a recall rate of 85.13%. These findings underscore the potential of machine learning techniques for addressing the challenges posed by customer churn in the telecommunications industry.

Understanding Factors Influencing the Adoption of Digital Marketing Among Small Businesses: The Application of Decomposed Model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)

Digital marketing has seen rapid growth. Millions have been spent on the digital marketing tools. The increase in the investment in digital marketing is due its effect in increasing sales, improving brand image, increasing customer image, and reducing the overall marketing cost. to companies. Despite these advancements in marketing and its effects, these phenomena are not really observed in small and medium enterprises in developing and less developed country. This has motivated this study to analyse factors that influence the adoption of digital marketing among a group of entrepreneurs from low-income category that is under the assistantship of a state government agency in Malaysia. The sample comprises of 60 entrepreneurs from the group that have just attended digital marketing training have responded to the survey. The study employs a quantitative technique that utilizes the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model that combines the TPB and the Theory of Acceptance Model (TAM). The result indicates that the dependent variable (Digital Marketing Adoption) can be significantly explained by the independent variables (Except Subjective Norm). The result also provides an important finding on the importance of the participants internal factors- Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) , Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Behavior Control (PBC) in improving the rate of digital marketing adoption. This provides an important insight into the future development of e- marketing among the entrepreneurs from the lower income group in Malaysia. This indicates the importance of the role of effective training in e- marketing.

Calculating Customer Lifetime Value through Data Analysis

Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) is a crucial metric for businesses to understand the long-term value of their customers. This research paper delves into the significance of CLV, explores various methods for calculating it through data analysis, and discusses the implications of accurate CLV estimation on business strategies. By leveraging data analytics techniques, businesses can gain valuable insights into customer behaviour, preferences, and profitability, ultimately leading to improved decision-making and enhanced customer relationships. Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) is a vital metric for businesses to comprehend the long-term value of their customers. The research paper highlights several key points regarding CLV: Calculation Factors: CLV calculations should consider indirect costs like administrative, marketing, and legal costs, not just direct expenses. Limitations: CLV based solely on spending may not fully represent a customer's value, as factors like brand advocacy, referrals, and feedback also contribute. Historical Data: CLV is often calculated using past customer data, which may not accurately predict future customer behaviours due to changing trends and customer preferences. Pareto's Principle: This principle, known as the 80/20 rule, can be applied to CLV to identify high-value customers and key factors influencing CLV. Overall, the paper emphasizes the importance of understanding CLV beyond mere spending, considering historical data limitations, and utilizing tools like Pareto's Principle to optimize customer value and business strategies.

Manufacturer encroachment under distributional fairness concerns

AbstractDominant retailers' squeeze results in very low profits for manufacturers in the traditional reselling channel, which raises manufacturers' significant concerns about profit fairness. This paper studies the manufacturer's encroachment strategy under fairness concerns by virtue of a game‐theoretical model, in which a manufacturer sells its products to a dominant retailer who resells them to consumers in the traditional reselling channel. Besides, the manufacturer can sell its products through a direct channel, i.e., manufacturer encroachment. The equilibrium solutions and profits under different scenarios are derived to check the interplay between fairness concerns and manufacturer encroachment. Some interesting results are obtained. First, fairness concerns can reduce the motivation of the manufacturer to encroach the market. Second, manufacturer encroachment always harms the retailer in the absence of fairness concerns, while it can benefit the retailer in the presence of fairness concerns. Third, the manufacturer's profit always decreases with the direct selling cost in the case without fairness concerns, while it may increase in the case with fairness concerns. These results obtained are robust when the decision timing or fairness concerns model is changed.

Long-term equilibrium in electricity markets with renewables and energy storage only

AbstractIn this paper, we study the optimal generation mix in power systems where only two technologies are available: variable renewable energy (VRE) and electric energy storage (EES). By using a net load duration curve approach, we formulate a least-cost optimization model in which EES is only limited by its power capacity. We solve this problem analytically and find least-cost and market equilibrium conditions that lead to the optimal capacities of VRE and EES. We show that, mathematically, an electricity price structure that depends on the period of the year (i.e. EES charging or discharging, VRE curtailment, load shedding) and on investments costs leads to cost recovery for VRE and EES. We show that when EES is the marginal technology (either charging or discharging) the price must be non-zero. More specifically, the equilibrium prices during EES charge or discharge are functions of the EES and VRE fixed costs. We confirm our analytical findings using a numerical model. We argue that, although the system we study is hypothetical and simplified, our findings provide insights and research directions for how to recover fixed costs in a future electricity market based on VRE and EES only.

Marketing Pattern and Price Spread of Polyhouse and Open Field Cucumber Production in Jaipur District of Rajasthan, India

In recent years, there has been concern about the effectiveness of marketing fruits and vegetables, which has resulted in high and volatile consumer price with only a minute portion of the consumer rupee flowing to the farmers. Horticultural crops are difficult to market because of their perishability, seasonality and bulkiness. Present study was an attempt to study the marketing channel and their efficiency. The Jaipur district of Rajasthan was selected purposively for the present study. A total of 26 intermediaries and 50 farmers were selected randomly. Among the total farmers, 25 growers producing cucumber in polyhouses and 25 in open field were selected randomly. The most common marketing channel engaged in marketing of polyhouse and open field cucumber in Jaipur district are following: Channel – I: Producer – Commission Agent – Wholesaler – Retailer – Consumer and Channel- II: Producer- Commission agent- Retailer- Consumer. Among both cucumber production system, in channel II the marketing cost incurred per quintal of cucumber was much lower than cost incurred in channel I. Since the marketing cost and marketing margin in channel I was higher, so the marketing efficiency was very low for that channel. At the same time in channel II was found to be lower price spread under both production systems. The most effective means of enhancing farmers' market access and reduce marketing cost through institutional means is by reinforcing cooperative societies, FPOs and shorten the marketing channel.