Market Categories Research Articles

Non-Muslim Customers’ Purchase Intention on Halal Food Products in Malaysia

Halal market has been growing tremendously recently. The food products occupies the most share in the Halal market category. The phenomenon could be explained by the increased number of consumer among Halal products. Apart from Muslims, who consumes Halal product due to religious obligations, it is assumed that non-Muslims have also started consuming Halal products, especially food items. Halal food products have been perceived as safer, animal friendly and environmental sustainable. Hence, the awareness of Halal principles, Islamic Brand, moral obligation animal welfare and food safety have been studied in this research in order to investigate the influence of Halal food product purchase intention among non-Muslim consumer using quantitative research method. Food safety has been identified to be the most significant in predicting the purchase intention of Halal food product. Furthermore, future studies are suggested to include additional variables such as habit and self-awareness.

"Advances in Identity Work Research: Opportunities, Stickiness, Toolkits, and Legitimacy"

Over the last 20 years, interest in identity as a construct in organizational studies has gained significant momentum. The concept of identity work plays a significant role in this literature drawing our attention to the activities individuals engage in to construct, maintain, and revise their self-concepts. Despite all that has been learned about identity work in organizational studies, there are still questions that remain unanswered. This symposium will bring together identity, organization, and entrepreneurship scholars from a variety of perspectives to present their work about different types of identity work that are unexplored yet critical to the process of constructing, maintaining, and improving the self: how individuals experience identity opportunities, how past identities interplay with current and aspirational professional identities, how professionals politically use their identities in more general organizations to preserve professional integrity, and how entrepreneurs regain legitimacy after failure. This symposium will also include an interactive session designed to uncover important new research questions that we hope will emerge as new research streams within the broader conversations in our field. Engineering Resistance: The Political Uses of Professional Identity Presenter: Kurt Sandholtz; Brigham Young U. Presenter: Marina Biniari; Aalto U. Presenter: Jeffrey Bednar; Brigham Young U. Past Lives: A Grounded Model of Past Professional Identities Presenter: Chad B Murphy; Oregon State U. Presenter: Trent A Williams; Syracuse U. Identity Opportunities: The Theoretical Underpinnings of Enhancing the Self-Concept Presenter: Christine D. Bataille; Ithaca College Presenter: Heather C. Vough; U. of Cincinnati Failing to Accelerate: Legitimation Efforts in the Social Venture Accelerator Market Category Presenter: Brett R. Smith; Miami U. Ohio Presenter: Brian Bergman; Miami U. Ohio

The political risk factor in emerging, frontier, and developed stock markets

This paper investigates how determinants of the political risk factor affect the stock returns of developed, emerging and frontier markets. We find that composite political risk is priced in all three stock market categories, but the effect of individual components varies across different markets.

Beyond Prototypes: Drivers of Market Categorization in Functional Foods and Nanotechnology

ABSTRACTWe develop a nuanced understanding of what drives producers’ and audiences’ categorization activities throughout market category development. Prior research on market categories assumes prototypical similarity to be the main or even only driver of categorization. Drawing on a comparative, longitudinal case study of the market categories ‘functional foods’ and ‘nanotechnology’ in Finland, we find that evolving perceptions, knowledge, and goals also impact categorization. Furthermore, our analysis uncovers that goal‐based categorization is characteristic for vital market categories, and the lack thereof may mark a waning interest and category decline. Overall, while previous research stresses the role of clear boundaries and knowledge bases for a viable category, we find that overly strict boundaries may constrain category vitality and renewal.

The Persistence of Lenient Market Categories

Research across disciplines presumes that market categories will have strong boundaries. Categories without well-defined boundaries typically are not useful and so are expected to fade away. We suggest many contexts contain lenient market categories, or less-constraining market categories, that persist and become important. We argue that this fact can be explained by looking at market categories from the producer perspective. Lenient market categories have more flexibility and allow for a wider range of fit. As a result, we expect to see high rates of entry into lenient categories. At the same time, lenient market categories have drawbacks: they do not clearly convey what an organization does and do not identify specific sets of potential consumers. This means organizations are more likely to exit. When entry rates are higher than exit rates, lenient market categories will endure over time. We also predict that organizations exiting lenient categories will enter other lenient categories, further fueling the persistence of such categories. Finally, this trend is exaggerated when influential external agents favor leniency. We find support for these ideas in a longitudinal analysis of organizational entry into and exit from market categories in the software industry.

Poverty dynamics in Brazilian metropolitan areas: An analysis based on Hulme and Shepherd's categorization (2002–2011)

Abstract Ever-more sophisticated studies on the methodological approach and the conceptual scope of poverty have led to a consensus among scholars on the dynamic characteristic of this phenomenon – in other words, the existence of an in-and-out of privation movement of individuals and families. Within this context, Hulme and Shepherd (2003) defined five groups according to the location of the punctual and average indicators of poverty vis-a-vis the poverty line. This paper's objective is to adapt this typology to Brazil, using PME (Monthly Job Survey) micro-data for the 2002–2011 timeframe and the six Brazilian Metropolitan Regions covered by PME as well as, by estimating a multinomial logit, investigate which family characteristics relate to a greater or lesser chance of belonging to each of the chronic and transitory poverty categories. Categorization allows observation that, despite a sweeping across-the-board decline in the percentage of families in all poverty categories in the past decade, those families always or usually poor display demographic, socioeconomic, access to and insertion into the labor market categories which differ from families in transitory poverty or classified as never poor. Moreover, Northeastern metropolitan regions (Salvador and Recife) have higher percentages of chronic or transitory poverty. Multinomial logit estimates make it possible to verify that families whose members have completed secondary schooling or college or hold a higher-qualified occupation stand lesser chances of entering into or remaining in poverty. Results call for differentiating among poor families, as they enter into or leave poverty – which is tantamount to saying that the dynamics of poverty must be taken into account as public policies are drawn up.

Category Spanning, Evaluation, and Performance: Revised Theory and Test on the Corporate Law Market

Studies suggest that category-spanning organizations receive lower evaluation and perform worse than organizations focused on a single category. We propose that (a) these effects are contingent on clients’ theory of value, and that, as clients expect more sophisticated services, they tend to value category spanners more positively, and (b) the evaluation of producers mediates the relationship between category spanning and performance. We test our hypotheses using original data on corporate legal services in three markets (London, New York City, and Paris) over the decade 2000–2010. We find that (a) category spanners receive a better evaluation, and more so when their categorical combination is more inclusive, and (b) evaluation mediates significantly the relationship between category spanning and performance. This study enriches our understanding of how audiences apprehend a whole market category system and why organizations span categories.

“We do what we must, and call it by the best names”: Can deliberate names offset the consequences of organizational atypicality?

Research summary: This article focuses on organizational naming as a strategic choice organizations make to overcome liabilities of atypicality. We argue that, in markets presenting an “illegitimacy discount,” atypical organizations may use deliberate names—names that communicate the market categories to which organizations claim membership—to offset the consequences of atypicality. Using data from the global hedge fund industry, we show that atypical hedge funds are more likely than typical funds to have deliberate names. Importantly, the selection of a deliberate name is economically significant. First, funds with deliberate names grow faster than funds without deliberate names, especially among atypical funds. Second, while atypicality heightened the likelihood of failure during the recent financial crisis—even after controlling for fund performance—having a deliberate name mitigated this effect.Managerial summary: Differentiation is a core element of many organizations' competitive advantage. Nevertheless, as differentiation implies being atypical among one's competitors, differentiation strategies can also lead to an “illegitimacy discount” whereby differentiators are at risk of being misunderstood, miscategorized, and ignored by consumers. Here we investigate how atypical hedge funds—funds that differentiate themselves from their competitors by investing in notably unique ways—use names to offset the potential consequences associated with the “illegitimacy discount.” Our analysis of more than 12,000 hedge funds over 12 years highlighted a trend whereby atypical hedge funds were more likely to choose names that unambiguously associated them with a known investment strategy—for instance, choosing the name “Apex Global Macro Capital” over simply “Apex Capital.” Importantly, name selection proved to be economically significant. For example, among atypical hedge funds, those with unambiguous names grew faster than those without. Furthermore, while being atypical increased the level of disinvestment during the recent financial crisis, having an unambiguous name reversed this effect. Organizational names play an important communication role with consumers, which, while highly symbolic, may also help resolve the dual organizational need to both conform to consumer expectations and differentiate from market competitors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Child Soldier Stories and their Fictions

In this essay I examine child soldier stories, one of the most popular and critically successful genres of African writing in the United States in recent years. They are unique in some respects, but many publishers and US readers are already familiar with their most basic themes. The success of the genre owes much to the fact that it resembles an existing book marketing category known as misery literature. Publishers recognize that child soldier stories may (and in some cases do) generate similar levels of interest and profitability. However, I argue that they are not bound by the same strict distinctions between fantasy and reality. Many US readers associate the genre – and the practice of child soldiering more generally – with Africa. Consequently, child soldier stories are treated as evidence of a continent-wide epidemic that largely exists in the imaginations of its US audience.

An Inverse Demand System for the Differentiated Blue Crab Market in Chesapeake Bay

ABSTRACT This article studies ex-vessel demand of the blue crab market in the Chesapeake Bay. In addition to providing empirical results regarding the important local fishery, it offers a useful example of the potential for inverse demand systems for seafood where quantities are often defined prior to prices and a variety of products are obtained from a single species. This is done using a non-linear Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System coupled with seasonal patterns and controlling for endogeneity. The model used here is able to address seasonality in demand in terms of varying flexibilities over seasons and deals with endogeneity in accordance with biological stock assessment data. Empirical results show significant season-varying market behaviors and the presence of endogeneity in the demand system. All market categories are price inflexible across seasons. Cross-category flexibilities suggest that the categories are quantity substitutes in the market. JEL Codes: Q21, Q22.

Основные тенденции развития инновационных рекламных технологий в сфере недвижимости

In this paper are considered such innovative methods for
 real estate advertizing as non-conventional types of outdoor advertizing
 ("ambient media") and advertizing on devoted to real estate
 special Internet portals. Two categories of real estate market’s
 participating organizations forming the offer are considered – construction
 and investment companies, and real estate agencies.
 Distinctions between them in advertizing budget volume and,
 therefore, in a choice of concrete forms of advertizing when planning
 the advertizing campaigns are specified. A conclusion about
 the increasing role of innovative methods for advertizing as less
 expensive in comparison with the main traditional methods is drawn.
 A review of largest Internet portals related to real estate, with indication
 of main features for each of them is provided. Examples
 of non-conventional forms for outdoor advertizing in the domestic
 real estate market are pointed out. The main tendencies related to
 the attitude of real estate market participants to innovative methods
 of advertizing are revealed and these tendencies’ possible reasons
 are specified.

Can Mutual Fund Flows Serve as Risk Indicators? An Empirical Analysis with CDS Spreads

This paper examines the information content on mutual fund flows and investors’ preference/tolerance towards risk. Specifically, we examine the relationship between several categories of mutual fund flows and market credit risk measured by CDS spreads. Our results suggest that equity fund flows are negatively related to market credit risk. On the other hand, money market fund flows are positively related to CDS spreads. We further separate fund flows into retail and institutional funds and relate these fund flows to CDS spreads. Our results suggest that retail fund flows provide insightful information and serve as primary indicators of market credit risk.

Category Taken-for-Grantedness as a Strategic Opportunity

Theories within organizational and economic sociology that center on market categories often equate taken-for-grantedness with increased constraint on category members’ features. In contrast, we develop a novel perspective that considers how market participants’ changing category-related attributions decrease the scrutiny of category offerings, opening up strategic opportunities for firms. We further argue that whether producers should be expected to take advantage of these opportunities depends on the extent to which they are incentivized to do so. We use the case of the light cigarette category to test this thesis. We argue and find evidence that increasing taken-for-grantedness of the light cigarette category created greater opportunity for tobacco firms to strategically manipulate category features.

Emotional responses to branded and unbranded foods

Investigating the emotions elicited by a product considering only its sensory characteristics or both its sensory characteristics and packaging/branding can give a deeper insight into product perception and can help companies in the design and optimisation of products that meet consumer expectations. The aim of this study was to (i) measure how liking changes across blind, package (expected) and informed conditions, and (ii) measure how emotions change across blind and informed conditions, in products representing the widest range of sensory variability and brand identity in the market category of hazelnut and cocoa spreads. In the first session participants (n=120) tasted each product in a blind condition, expressed their liking and rated emotions using the EmoSemio questionnaire specifically developed for this product category (Spinelli, Masi, Dinnella, Zoboli, & Monteleone, 2014). Then consumers were asked to rate their expected liking for the products, presented in the original packaging by means of photos (pack/expected condition). After one week, consumers tasted each product presented with its own packaging (informed condition), expressed their liking and rated emotions.Emotions were very discriminating in both conditions: in the informed condition all the emotions significantly varied across samples, while in the blind condition 21 out of 23 (91.3%) varied.Results showed a correlation between liking (blind, expected and informed) and emotions. Complete assimilation of liking toward expectations was associated to an overall improvement of the emotional performance of the product: positive emotions increased in the case of complete assimilation towards the expectations, while negative emotions decreased. When there was a mismatch between expected liking evoked by packaging and blind liking (disconfirmation) but an assimilation effect was not found, some positive emotions significantly decreased in the informed condition compared to the blind one.This study suggests the importance of collecting emotion responses in both blind and informed conditions to detect changes in the emotional profile of products due to the brand/packaging providing information useful for product optimisation.

EVALUATION OF FIRM BY PRODUCTS CATEGORIZED

This research is about how companies which have products that are labeled into a product category are evaluated and are praised. Being labeled into a category means that a group of products are represented by characteristics already known to consumers, in effect being categorized. Existing research has shown that companies which have products that can be easily labeled into a product category are judged highly by reviewers and garner more attention. These products are called prototype about the category. On the other hand, companies which do not have products that fit into a category well or not at all are given poor evaluations. Thus, this research shows that companies who have products which can be partly labeled into a product category would be evaluated as better than those which cannot. This study will focus on “mini” insurance companies and compare the products which have already been categorized and those that have not. Furthermore, this study sets out to prove that after the more a company has products which are being labeled into product categories, the more likely that company would be able to achieve better reviews. As a result, this research will show that a company could increase high evaluations by reviewers by focusing on being labeled into a product category. Keywords : Category in Market, Prototype, Label of Category, Innovation, “Mini” Insurance.

Даже и по ГОСТу оценить непросто! Рецензия на книгу: Beckert J., Musselin C. (eds) 2013. Constructing Quality. The Classification of Goods in Markets. New York: Oxford University Press.

This review discusses the collection of articles edited by J. Beckert and C. Musselin, Constructing Quality: The Classification of Goods in Markets. The collection is focused on the processes of social construction of criteria for the quality of market goods in modern consumer markets. It is intended to contribute to the body of literature on the mechanisms for evaluation, classification, and commensuration, a request for which surfaces in a whole variety of social areas in a modern society (characterized by the rise of calculation and managerialism). This review covers both the main problems emerging in this thematic field and the answers suggested by the authors of the articles in this volume. Thus, the reader is encouraged to think about the ways in which social values are translated into market categories, which actors contribute to this process, which tools are used for consolidating the criteria of quality, where the conditions of confidence in these criteria are hidden, why there may be discrepancies and how they can be overcome, as well as a number of other issues. The common theme of the volume and the review is the idea that the quality of market goods is a relatively fluid polyvalent category, and interpretations of this term are often diverse depending on the type of good, the degree of its social entanglement, the institutional and socio-cultural environment of the market, as well as value-oriented attitudes and the structural positions of the subjects who must make judgments and evaluations of the market commodity. The problem of the quality of market goods is interesting for sociologists not as a practical problem, but as another angle which makes it possible to see the mechanics of the social order of the market in action. The market consensus concerning the quality of the goods exchanged for money conceals both the observance of the typical social norms of the given historical period and the adherence to the principle of parity of the parties, that is, the mutual recognition of the fairness of market transaction by the buyer and the seller. Thus, an issue which seemed secondary, how the social attitudes are formed with respect to the quality standards of market goods, has instead a central place among the dilemmas of how modern consumer markets function and reproduce.

Markets in catholic social teaching

An aim of this article is to present the Catholic social teaching in regard to one basic institutions of economic life that is the market. The analysis starting point is an Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII, Rerum novarum, who initiated Catholic social teaching. All the social encyclicals were studied, which directly or indirectly refer to the market category. In the final part of the article, a synthesis of teaching the Catholic Church in market terms was carried out.

Analyzing the Impact of Hybrid Innovation on Firm Performance (WITHDRAWN)

While the Schumpeterian literature on innovation acknowledges recombination as an important source of novelty that advantages a firm, studies on market categories suggest that such hybridization tr...

Influence of Selected Institutional Factors on the Economic Growth: Case Open Markets

Abstract This article's goal is to judge impacts of selected institutional factors on economic growth. Institutional economics, which started developing its modern approach after 1990 is closely in connection with Index of Economic Freedom presented by The Heritage Foundation. The article shows comparison of selected institutional variables (Open Market category) with economic development of particular countries’ both theoretical framework and empiric analysis. Empiric section uses data of The Heritage Foundation on which the connection between selected indicators and economic progress (represented by income per capita) is compared. Markets) on the economic growth. The research part concentrates on testing selected basic preconditions that countries striving for economic growth should meet. These requirements are defined by the Heritage Foundation organization and published under the abbreviation IEF. After the economic crisis of 2008/09 the index became a target of criticism and its methodology was doubted by many. Influence of these factors have been tested several economists with positive results. This study, however, did not confirm theory about positive correlation between trade openness and economic growth in mid-term horizon. Similarly, there is no direct connection between influence of FDI inflow and economic development. On the other hand, study showed positive correlation between R&D expenditures and economic growth. Similarly, economics with friendly business environment reach better economic condition.

Business model innovation: How iconic business model emerges

Research on business model studies the cognitive processes that lead entrepreneurs to develop innovative business models. However, we still know little about how these innovative business model become known to the public to the extent that they are taken for granted as iconic representations of particular types of firms. This study advances business model innovation research by answering the following question: How do iconic business models emerge? In other words: How do innovative business models become prototypical exemplars for new categories of firms? To answer this question, we focus on the case of Airbnb – an online platform allowing home owners to rent out rooms or flats directly to travellers. We analysed how six mainstream business media publications have talked about Airbnb between 2008 (year of creation of Airbnb) and 2013. Our results show that Airbnb business model became iconic in three stages. At first, media attempted to assimilate Airbnb within its category system by drawing analogies with existing iconic business models or established market categories. During the second stage media shifted their attention away from analogies with existing firms and built a more complex understanding of Airbnb and its business model. In the third stage, Airbnb’s business model representation detached from the actions of the instigator company as media routinely referred to Airbnb as the ‘typical’ sharing economy (or peer-to-peer) firm. As media increasingly used Airbnb’s business model to define other firms’ business model, Airbnb’s business model became iconic. We contribute to business model research by theorizing the cognitive process, which underpins the emergence of iconic business models.