Marker Of National Identity Research Articles

Tradition as a Marker of National Identity of the Georgians living in Turkey

Tradition as a Marker of National Identity of the Georgians living in Turkey

Language Standardization as a Form of Resistance in the Face of Russian Linguistic Colonialism (An Example of the Georgian Language of the 19th Century)

The article examines the anatomy of the Russian linguistic colonialism in 19th-century Georgia and the nature, scale, and consequences of its influence on the functioning of the Georgian language. It analyzes the measures taken by Georgian figures of this period to raise the social status of the native language in the face of the challenges of Russian colonialism. It shows how in the changed socio-political situation as a result of the annexation of Georgia, they turned the standardization and codification of the language into one of the strong forms of resistance, with which they opposed the at-tempts of linguistic assimilation coming from the Tsarist government. The article sheds light on the fact that a correct vision of the advanced intelligentsia on language poli-cy and an adequate assessment of the dangers of colonialism often save the colonized languages from being swept away by the dominant language and from extinction. Their consideration of language as one of the main markers of national identity, on the one hand, and the perception of linguistic colonialism as a manifestation of Rus-sian cultural hegemony, the real goal of which was to introduce the imperial cultural norms, values, and ideologies in the colonized country, played an important role in improving the ecological environment of the Georgian language, overcoming the difficulties of the linguistic hierarchy. and, finally, to preserve the national identity.

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В МУЗЫКАЛЬНОМ ФОЛЬКЛОРЕ НАРЫМСКИХ СЕЛЬКУПОВ

The article discusses the processes of development of modern musical folklore among the Narym Selkups based on the analysis of the publication “Ob tunes of Narym Selkups” (compiled by V. Tuzakova and I. Korobeynikova, Tomsk, 2015). Russian folklore and Soviet mass song are influencing the modern musical folklore of the southern Selkups, and the creativity of amateur Selkup composers (melodists) is developing. In the works of modern musical folklore, the main marker of national identity is the Selkup language. Manifestations of the “Selkup” musical style (scale, organization of melodic movement) are partially preserved, but new stylistic features come to the fore: arrangements defining the musical style of new songs, instrumental accompaniment, square structural constructions peculiar to modern music and other means of popular musical genres. Onomatopoeia of the voices of animals and birds, which are associated with the traditional taiga landscape for the Selkups and bring the “image of a place” to modern compositions, are widely used in modern folklore works. This allows us to consider the modern musical folklore of the Selkups in the light of the concept of the sounding landscapes of the Arctic.

Group Sacrifice as a Marker of National Identity: Ukrainian Experience

The article is dedicated to the development and analysis of the group sacrifice concept. It can be defined as a group of deceased, suffered, less commonly, repressed individuals performing an act of heroic deed that influenced significantly the course of a certain more large-scale phenomenon or had significant symbolic meaning, contributing to the ideological filling of the continuation of the struggle in one form or another. In this understanding, the fallen or sufferred individuals are not objects of criminal violation by enemies but rather subjects of active, motivational embodiment of national identity. Therefore, significant attention is devoted to the theoretical and conceptual apparatus of the issue. An established name, the fact of heroism, an especially implacable enemy, initial journalistic or oral-historical coverage of the act of group sacrifice, fixation in national historiography, a specific list of group sacrifice, localization in a place and time, and a defined purpose for which the feat was accomplished are distinguished among the characteristics of group sacrifice. The functions of group sacrifice include the transmission of national identity, the formation of a national historical narrative, the glorification of civic-religious culture, and the approval of the cultural-identification basis of the nation. Ukrainian group sacrifices in the struggle for independence have taken place as early as the beginning of our modern statehood during the period of national liberation struggles of 1917–1921. The memory of them has been preserved thanks to the active work of exiled scholars in Humanities. A new chapter in the group sacrifice of Ukrainians is opened in February 2014, when a new stage of the fight against Russian imperialism have started. Thus, the Heavenly Hundred, the Cyborgs, defenders of the hero cities of Ukraine, and others have inscribed themselves in the list of fighters for Ukrainian independence through their heroic deeds. The stress-motivational potential of the group sacrifice has a huge impact on contemporary Ukrainian nation-identity practices.

Demonstration of the politician’s national identity with the help of culture-bound elements

The article is devoted to the actualization of national identity of a political individual subject with the help of linguistic means (based on the government statements of the former German Chancellor A. Merkel). Given that the construction of national identity takes place in the language, it is proposed to consider culture-bound elements as the main marker of national identity. The purpose of the study is to reveal the relationship between the demonstration of ethnic identity in the speech of an individual political subject and the use of language means that reflect national specifics. General scientific (description, continuous sampling method) and linguistic (linguoculturological and discursive analysis) methods were used in the research. Statistical methods (Chi-square, Cramer’s coefficient) were used to obtain more accurate results and test the hypothesis about the presence or absence of a relationship between language markers and the demonstration of the politician’s national identity. The material of the study was the texts of 34 government statements of the former chancellor of Germany A. Merkel in the period between 2014 and 2021. The chronological framework is determined by extralinguistic factors (the beginning of the Ukrainian crisis and the end of the chancellor’s term), which must be taken into account when analyzing political discourse. This genre of political communication has not been subjected to thorough linguistic analysis, so this study has a certain novelty. The selected lexical units were classified according to the onomastic principle (toponyms, anthroponyms, polytonyms, official names, geortonyms, ethnonyms) and divided into two categories: units denoting German and other realities. A total of 1902 units and 5823 cases of use. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis and indicate the presence of a dependence, but indicate a weak degree of correlation. The proposed approach seems to be innovative, since it allows us to comprehensively consider the phenomenon of identity and can help to correctly interpret and demonstrate the intentions of a political individual subject in public speeches.

A republic uncomfortable with what comes from above (God or Europe): political representation and laïcité in Europeanising France

ABSTRACT France is regularly singled out in comparative studies for its ‘laïcité’, which is assumed to lead to the conflictual separation of politics and religion. The aim of this contribution is to discuss the actual specificity of French laïcité in comparison to other member states of the European Union (EU) regarding the interactions between nation, Europe, and religion. Empirically, we rely on a survey of five French members of the European Parliament (MEPs); an analysis of parliamentary questions related to ‘religion’ and ‘laïcité’ by French MEPs between 2019 and 2023; and two policy case studies (the counter-radicalisation strategy following terrorist attacks in the years 2000–2010 and the restriction of religious freedom during the pandemic in 2020–2021). Our findings suggest that French laïcité retains its singularity as a symbolic resource even if its policy practices do not differ greatly from what happens in other member states. In national as well as in European politics, French elites are still reluctant to deal with religion in the public space and use it as a marker of national identity only in a distant, secularised, and culturalised way.

THE ROLE OF PROSODY IN EXPRESSING NATIONAL IDENTITY OF CANADIANS

The present investigation is dedicated to the problem of expressing national identity of Canadians by means of prosody — one of the brightest identifies of national speaker’s belonging in oral speech. Social and personal prosodic variation of Canadians’ English speech is in the focus of the investigation. Appeal to Canadian prosodic system can be explained by inadequate study of this variant of English and its prosodic features which can serve as markers of national identity of a speakers. The concept national identity is multiaspectual by its structure and is considered as multilevel system which includes ethnic, cultural, religions belonging as well as historical community of the territory. Language plays the leading role, it units members of the community into nation and provides it with those linguistic features, which consolidate the members, of one community and differentiates from the others. Investigation of prosodic characteristic of Canadian variant of English speakers of Alberta province in the present paper is conducted with the aim of revealing and describing a set of melodic and frequency characteristics, which can serve as markers of Canadians national identity. Canada is a county which language system has a bilingual character, its language is under the influence of British and American variants of English, considerable variation of language forms is connected with a great flow of immigrants to the country. All these factors resulted in the formation of Canadian English, which has its own individual prosodic system. Revealed in the process of complex auditory and computer analysis melodic and frequency characteristic allow to state the existence of definite features of Canadian prosodic system which can be markers of national identity. They are — high-pitched level of frequency tonetic realizations and frequent use of Rising, Rising Falling and Level terminal tones in speech.

Romanticism in Works of Su Manshu and Yu Dafu: National Characteristics

The article examines the literary movement of romanticism as a creative method employed by Su Manshu and Yu Dafu, two Chinese writers of the first half of the 20th century. The novelty of the research lies in the comparative analysis of the works of these two popular literati, whose prose had a significant influence on the formation of modern Chinese literature. It is reported that the interest of Chinese writers in romantic sentiments was fueled by their exposure to European literature through translations into Japanese and Chinese. Both writers referred to themselves as romantics, but their reasons for being drawn to this artistic method were different. Su Manshu was captivated by the new genre features, such as biographies written from the author’s perspective rather than focusing solely on historical figures, which was sanctioned by traditional literature. Yu Dafu was attracted to the romantic artistic style for its ability to employ unconventional expressive means in Chinese literature. At the same time, the romantic compositions of both writers carry markers of national identity. For Su Manshu, this is evident in the portrayal of female characters, while for Yu Dafu, it is manifested in the use of nature imagery to convey the mood of the characters. The article highlights that the development of romanticism in Chinese literature has been insufficiently studied by Russian sinologists and holds prospects for further research.

Past and future wars on TV: High-end drama series and national identity

War on film and in television series reflects a nation’s preoccupation with war and how warfare shapes conceptions of history. The war genre is inherently national, as it deals with a nation’s heroic moments and traumas. Stories about war address a nation’s collective moral values, cultural heritage and other tropes of national identity markers. This article will discuss two Norwegian war dramas made for TV, one set in the past (Kampen om tungtvannet [The Saboteurs] [2015]) and one set in a not-too-distant future (Okkupert [Occupied] [2015–20]). This article discusses how these war dramas articulate themes about history and nationality.

Violent conflict and National identity among the Pakistani Pukhtuns (Pashtuns) in Swat Pakistan: A theoretical and empirical exploration

ABSTRACT Using an extended constructivist position and the case study of Pukhtuns in Swat, Pakistan, this study outlines the interplay between violent conflict (between Muslim Militants and Pakistani state military) and National identity and its markers. The conflict is peculiar; (1) because of the use of Islam by Muslim militants which is an identity marker for Pakistani national identity and Pukhtun ethnic identity, (2) the case of Swat, an ex-princely state integrated only in 1969 in Pakistan with a history of religious violent mobilizations. Further, as Pakistani state has been facing problems with the process of national integration of its multiple ethnicities, the case of national identity becomes significant to be explored The study argues that the impacts of conflict and violence on national identity are complex and multi-dimensional. National identity is neither lost nor reaffirmed, yet as a result of the violent conflict. The article explores the impacts of violent conflict for religion (Islam), State institutions (military), discourses (of pride, sacrifice, and complains) and national symbols (holidays) as markers of National Identity in Pakistan through a fieldwork in Swat from November 2016 to May 2017 and later in November 2021.

Национальная идентичность и ее языковая репрезентация в мексиканском лингвокультурном пространстве

This article studies the linguistic representation of identity in the Mexican linguocultural space. The aim of the paper is to deduce the manifestations of national identity of Mexicans in their language and linguoculture. The relevance of this research stems from the need to study the national identity of Mexicans as representatives of the largest Spanish-speaking country. Of no less importance in the era of globalization is the analysis of the representation of identity, whose process of formation is used to control the consciousness of modern society and as a key element in state policy, contributing to a country’s stable growth and development. The article points out that Mexican Spanish has pan-Hispanic, pan-American, zonal, and nation-specific features. It has a tendency towards originality, represented by phonetic, grammatical, and lexicosemantic features. Mexican identity is most vividly manifested in vocabulary and phraseology. One of the main features of Mexican Spanish vocabulary is archaisms. Numerous borrowings from the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, or indigenisms, testify to the importance of this component in the Mexican linguistic worldview and serve as markers of national identity. This identity is manifested in precedent names, which refer us to the images of indigenous cultures of ancient civilizations, as well as in the names of characters popular in the Mexican cultural space. One of the components of the representation of Mexican identity in the language is paroemia. The author concludes that archaisms, indigenisms, anthroponyms, precedent names, and proverbs of Mexican Spanish have “absorbed” the history of the Mexican people and reflect the specific linguistic worldview of Mexicans.

Урахування змін мовного складу населення України під час викладання курсів «Топоніміка України» й «Етногеографія України з основами етнопедагогіки» у вищій школі

The linguistic marker of ethnic identity has been taken into account in European countries since the nineteenth century. In Ukraine changes in the linguistic composition of its population fully reflect imperial influences: the highest rates of russification were recorded between the censuses of 1959 and 1989 and precisely in those areas where in 2022–2023 the theater of war is concentrated. The russian language still retains its communicative power in Ukrainian society due to the factor of vertical bilingualism, which can be traced through spatial differences in the country both in terms of native language and spoken language. The war exposed the need to maintain the national language and culture, to ensure their dominance in public life, education, management and the media, as is typical of many European countries, for example, Poland and Italy. It is necessary to reflect changes in the linguistic structure of the population of Ukraine and at the level of lecture material, within the framework of university training courses, stating the importance of the linguistic identity of Ukrainians in their country. It is also necessary to take into account current changes in the Ukrainian language. Keywords: linguistic structure of the population of Ukraine, native language, spoken language, markers of national identity.

The affirmation of the national identity in the modern renaming (on the basis of Ukrainian urbanonymicon)

Background. The article is dedicated to 1225 names of streets, alleys and squares in Ukraine, renamed during April – August 2022 as a result of the process of de-russification. Urbanonyms were changed not to neutral ones, but, on the contrary, in the new names Ukrainian national values were emphasized, as well as the belonging of communities to the Ukrainian cultural space, demonstrating the difference between Ukrainian and Russian identity.Сontribution to the research field. These findings may help us to understand the impact that the last political events in Ukraine as well as the war have made on the national identity of Ukrainians, especially in the linguistic approach. The analysis of urbanonyms according to the markers of national identity showed the main trends in the change of modern urbanonymicon.Purpose. The comprehensive analysis of the renaming in Ukrainian urbanonymicon because of the process of de-russification in the cultural space of Ukraine and in the aspect of affirmation of national identity in names.Methods. The research methodology is based on the general scientific methods and on the linguistic methods, especially descriptive and comparative (to compare the urbanonyms before and after the renaming).Results. The research consists of two parts. First, we analyzed 1225 former names of the streets and identified six groups of these names. Then, we analyzed the renamed urbanonyms and focused on 8 groups of them, which appeal to certain markers of the Ukrainian national identity: 1. Common beliefs – 263 names of streets (21,47 %); 2. Common territory, or homeland – 247 (20,16 %); 3. Common actions (decisions, achievements) – 242 (19,76 %); 4. Common myths and historical memories – 229 (18,7 %); 5. Common language – 90 (7,35 %); 6. Common culture – 70 (5,71 %); 7. Common economy – 47 (3,84 %); 8. Common religion – 37 (3 %).Discussion. By comparing new names with markers of national identity, we can assert that during the hot phase of the war, when there is a threat to the existence of the country, Ukrainians come to the fore for common worldview orientations, which allow to unite, common actions and decisions, which are aimed at obtaining certain results, deep understanding of the concepts homeland, our territory, awareness of the importance of preserving historical memory for the formation of the successful Ukrainian society today and to pass it on to the next generations, so that our language and our culture are always relevant.

Gendered Analysis of Hindutva Imaginaries: Manipulation of Symbols for Ethnonationalist Projects

Since the 1980s, feminist scholars have explored the dynamic linkages between nationalism and gender. Case studies have shown representations of women as reproducers, transmitters of culturally sanctioned behaviour, signifiers of ethnic groups and markers of national identity and honour. The emergence of social media created a new digital arena for the circulation of tropes related to gender and nationalism, and the recent rise of Hindu nationalism in India was reflected and perpetuated in social media. This article explores several memes in the intersecting discourse of gender and Hindu nationalism and investigates memes, tweets, Facebook posts and hashtags that were used on social media during the general elections held in India in 2019. Such media content reveals the extent to which nationalist projects relied on gender norms. Although there is no fixed pattern in terms of how gender shapes memes and digital images, we can identify gendered ideologies of nationalism that embrace patriarchal forms of social organization. The article shows that current online discourses of Hindu nationalism often perpetuate patterns of heteronormative, hegemonic masculinity embedded in satire and jokes. Though women's participation and visibility are on the rise in the Global South, sexism and misogyny manifest as mediatized satire in political memes.

Tourism and commercial nationalism

Tourism is a place for articulating intercultural exchange and social interaction. Many nations have used tourism as a medium for assertive expressions of cultural authenticity and national identity. This exploratory study applies critical discourse analysis of interviews and icons, images and texts used in the tourism media to examine the discourses that inform the mobilisation of the markers of national identity in tourism. It argues that the use of national symbols in tourism is an example of commercial nationalism in which the ‘nationalist’ narrative is mobilised to challenge the conditions that undermine the perceived national autonomy. The paper provides some useful insights into the tensions of tourism when negotiating the political realms that lie outside the state structure.

Greek national identity on twitter: re-negotiating markers and boundaries

ABSTRACT Recent empirical research is examining national identity as a bottom–up process. Despite the promise held by social media in accessing the ‘black box’ of ordinary citizens’ national identity, literature on the subject is scarce. We study Greek national identity on Twitter, in relation to the acceptance of the agreement between Greece and Northern Macedonia about the name of the latter. Despite the systematic recourse to a plethora of references and symbols from antiquity in public discourse and mainstream media, we found that Twitter users made limited use of national identity markers and put a strong emphasis on the present.

Encyclopedias and Nationalism in Denmark

The publishing of major encyclopaedias in Denmark seldom went unnoticed. Once a publication had started, every single instalment, volume and other anniversaries were reviewed or mentioned in the nationwide newspapers and several aspects were brought up for debate: Was the publishing house able to handle such a major undertaking? What was the price of the publication and who could afford it?Attention from the press led to more than just debate of the various encyclopedias, it became an important factor in establishing the different encyclopedias as both literary works and markers of national identity. This article centres around Danish encyclopaedias and their reception in the press. The study finds that the reception was marked by one denominator in particular: the national perspective. It argues that this perspective played an important role in establishing several encyclopedias as significant national publications both of their time and legacy.

УКРАЇНСЬКА МОВА ЯКЗАСІБ ОБ’ЄДНАННЯ СУСПІЛЬСТВАТА ЧИННИК НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

The article highlights the leading role of language in the formation of society through the analysis of its main functions, namely: communication, impact on a person, consolidation of citizens, the formation of national identity. This work analyses the relationship between the change of the language policy vector in Ukraine towards Ukrainian centricity and the strengthening of the Ukrainian language functioning in various spheres. The article raises the issue of the role of language as one of the important factors of national security of Ukraine. The role of the language issue in the Russian occupation of a part of Ukraine as a result of a hybrid war is exemplified. An integral part of this hybrid war is a change in worldview and a change in the national code of the inhabitants of the occupied territories. Based on our sociolinguistic opinion poll of 230 military officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, conducted in 2019, it was specified that among a number of markers of national identity, officers chose a common language. 54 % of respondents gave five points out of five possible to the marker of “common language”, and 20 % gave it four points. 88 % of respondents called the Ukrainian language as one of the main unifying tools in the formation of civil society in Ukraine, and 94,5 % believed that only the Ukrainian language should be the state language in Ukraine. It is important that military officers, born in different parts of Ukraine (and some far beyond its borders) and currently serving in different regions of the country, took part in the opinion poll. It allows us to affirm that officers understand the role of the Ukrainian language as a nation-building factor that is able to unite people in order to defend their country.

Language markers of national identity in Ukrainian migrant prose

The article presents a linguo-cultural analysis of modern prose works on migration-resettlement. The basis of the research methodology is the formation of lexical-thematic and lexical-grammatical groups, associative-semantic microfield "language", related to the socio-cultural reflection "one's own - another's". Stylistic functions, value-asciological content of names of persons by national and ethnic affiliation, names of immigrants as foreigners, names of products, dishes, drinks, as well as folklore are noted. The stylistic functions of grammatical stylists - conceptual epithets that specify the national-cultural and territorial identity of the characters - are separated. Emphasis is placed on the specific role of intimating pronouns that reflect the socio-cultural reflection of "one's own - another's". Emphasis is placed on the sociolinguistic aspects of contexts-dialogues about language, forms of proper names, which reflect the confusion of linguistic and cultural codes. It is concluded that the characters, according to the authors of modern migrant literature, are endowed with various civilizational identities, among which the national one is indicative. The linguosophy of migrationism is aimed at the subjectivization of the life of an ethnos (ethnoses), nations, countries, through the multitude of representations of which cognitive, emotional, behavioral, ritual features of linguistic and cultural consciousness objectified in generalized-image constructs appear. Emphasis is placed on the sociolinguistic aspects of contexts-dialogues about language, forms of proper names, which reflect the confusion of linguistic and cultural codes. It is concluded that the characters, according to the authors of modern migrant literature, are endowed with various civilizational identities, among which the national one is indicative. The linguosophy of migrationism is aimed at the subjectivization of the life of an ethnos (ethnoses), nations, countries, through the multitude of representations of which cognitive, emotional, behavioral, ritual features of linguistic and cultural consciousness objectified in generalized-image constructs appear.

КЛЮЧОВІ ІСТОРИЧНІ НАРАТИВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ УКРАЇНЦІВ У ПРОПАГАНДИСТСЬКОМУ ДИСКУРСІ НІМЕЦЬКИХ ОКУПАЦІЙНИХ ЗОН УКРАЇНИ (1941–1944 рр.)

The purpose of the study: to identify information arrays, that reconstructed and interpreted the historical past of Ukrainians, based on the source analysis of the content of German occupation periodicals, thus forming an appropriate model of historical memory, in fact, turning the Ukrainian people into a historical process. The methodology and methodology of research involves a combination of the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency, as well as historical criticism of the selected basic reconstructions of the past of Ukrainians widely promoted in the occupation period. The study systematizes various publications in the occupation periodicals, highlighting their thematic blocks, specific content, forms of presentation of the standard information materials, which, contrary to the strategic visions of the Third Reich leadership, were directed at the formation of the historical memory of Ukrainians. The author, on a systemic and comprehensive level, investigated the information potential of the main periodicals that were published in all occupation zones of Ukraine, namely: the District «Galicia», the Reichskommissariat «Ukraine» and the Military Zone of Occupation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the first in modern domestic historiography complex selection of the model of historical memory of Ukrainians, which was formed during the establishment of the German occupation regime. A detailed analysis of the information potential of the content of occupation periodicals indicates that the historical past of Ukrainians was interpreted in terms of the gravity of state tradition and the constant struggle against external enemies. The basic information and thematic blocks that were used in all the occupation zones of Ukraine were the reproduction of the history of Kievan Rus’, Khmelnytsky region and liberation movements of the Cossack era. At the same time, an exclusively negative image of neighboring Moscow and Poland was formed. The internal enemy of Ukraine was declared to be the Jews, against whom the Ukrainians fought in the same way as they fought the Poles and Russians. The events of 1917–1920, when the Ukrainian state perished and was torn apart by neighboring Poland and Bolshevik Russia, were voiced in the context of betrayal by the democratic countries of Europe. The construction of a new national identity for Ukrainians in the context of their spiritual, psychological, historical, cultural, economic, and territorial unity, as well as the reinterpretation of the historical past, consolidated society at that time. This important process for Ukrainians was carried out in unison with the history of the people’s unceasing struggle for their own statehood and their desire to achieve synodality. By successfully manipulating historical facts, German propagandists actually reformatted the historical memory of Ukrainians, programming for the future, constructing and correcting national identity markers that even the following Soviet occupation of the country was unable to erase. However, the historical narrative widely promoted in periodicals downplayed regional differences and social contradictions of Ukrainian society, represented its internal national unity, and was presented equally in all German occupation zones of Ukraine.