Marker For Diagnosis Research Articles

Bile-Derived cfDNA of Syncytin-1 and SLC7A11 as a Potential Molecular Marker for Early Diagnosis of Cholangiocarcinoma.

Liquid biopsy technology has received widespread attention in the early diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). We collected bile samples from 48 patients with CCA and 48 patients with gallstones at Shandong Provincial third Hospital. We quantified bile circulating free DNA (cfDNA) of syncytin-1 and SLC7A11, calculated the correlation between syncytin-1 and SLC7A11 expression and clinical parameters by Spearman rank correlation, plotted Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, and compared the Area Under Curve (AUC) values to explored early diagnostic utility in patients. We first found the bile cfDNA of syncytin-1 and SLC7A11 levels in CCA were higher than in gallstones (3.06 vs. 1.32, p < 0.001; 2.39 vs. 1.30, p < 0.001). And there was significant correlation between syncytin-1 and SLC7A11 expression (p = 0.025). Additionally, bile cfDNA of syncytin-1 or SLC7A11 was differentially expressed in gallstones, cholangiocarcinoma stage I-II, and cholangiocarcinoma stage III-IV (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). The AUC of bile cfDNA of syncytin-1 was 0.805 (p < 0.001, specificity of 87.0%), the AUC of bile cfDNA of SLC7A11 was 0.755 (p < 0.001, specificity of 80.4%), and combination of bile cDNA of syncytin-1/SLC7A11/CA19-9 markers improved diagnostic efficiency in CCA patients (AUC: 0.927, p < 0.001). The bile cfDNA of syncytin-1 and SLC7A11 was high expression in cholangiocarcinoma, which may be used as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis.

Utility of the C-peptide/insulin molar ratio for distinguishing type A insulin resistance syndrome from type 2 diabetes.

Type A insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), characterized by impaired insulin receptor function due to variants of the insulin receptor gene, manifests as severe insulin-resistant diabetes. Differentiation of type A IRS from type 2 diabetes on the basis of hyperinsulinemia can be challenging. Given the association between insulin receptor dysfunction and reduced insulin clearance, we evaluated the potential of the circulating C-peptide reactivity (CPR)/immunoreactive insulin (IRI) molar ratio, a marker of insulin clearance, for distinguishing type A IRS from type 2 diabetes. We retrospectively analyzed CPR and IRI levels measured during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 18 individuals with type A IRS and 126 with type 2 diabetes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the diagnostic performance of the CPR/IRI molar ratio and IRI levels. IRI levels were significantly higher and the CPR/IRI molar ratio significantly lower in individuals with type A IRS compared with those with type 2 diabetes. The area under the ROC curve for the CPR/IRI molar ratio at baseline, 1 hour, and 2 hours after OGTT initiation was 0.997 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 99.2%), 0.999 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 97.6%), and 0.997 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 95.1%), respectively. The CPR/IRI molar ratio demonstrated robust diagnostic performance regardless of body mass index or hyperinsulinemia severity. The CPR/IRI molar ratio, both at baseline and during OGTT, exhibited higher sensitivity and specificity than IRI levels alone for distinguishing type A IRS from type 2 diabetes. This ratio may serve as a reliable clinical marker for early and accurate diagnosis of type A IRS.

Preoperative diagnostic efficacy of novel blood markers white blood cell ratio and fibrinogen levels in periprosthetic joint infection

To investigate the clinical utility of novel of new hematological markers in the preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). A retrospective analysis was conducted on a total of 149 patients who underwent revision of total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at a single center between January 2016 and June 2022, including 63 males and 86 females, aged from 47 to 93 years old with an average of (69.5±11.8) years old. Of them, 46 were diagnosed as PJI(PJI group), including 22 males and 24 females. The mean age was (71.3±12.5) years old. The body mass index (BMI) was (26.4±3.1) kg·m-2. And 103 patients were diagnosed as aseptic prosthesis loosening (aseptic group), including 41 males and 62 females. The mean age was (68.7±11.4) years old. The BMI was (25.8±3.5) kg·m-2. Preoperatively analyzed clinical parameters included C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), albumin, globulin, albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR), plasma D-dimer, and plasma fibrinogen. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), sensitivity, and specificity analysis were employed to compare the diagnostic value of each blood marker in preoperative PJI diagnosis. In the PJI group, the levels of CRP were 16.6 (7.6, 4.5) mg·L-1, ESR was 17.0 (12.8, 35.5) mm·h-1, plasma D-dimer was 1.0 (0.5, 3.1) μg·L-1, and plasma fibrinogen was 4.2 (3.2, 3.1) mg·L-1;all of which were higher compared to the aseptic group with CRP at 4.2 (2.6, 7.8) mg·L-1, ESR at 12.0(8.0, 20.0 )mm·h-l, D-dimer at 0.4(0.2, 0.7)μg·L-1, and fibrinogen at 2.8(2.4, 3.3 ) g·L-1(P<0.05). However, the albumin level of 35.3 (32.3, 37.5) g·L-1 and the WBC ratio of 1.0(0.9, 1.1) in the PJI group were significantly lower compared to the aseptic group with levels of 39.8 (36.1, 41.8) g·L-1 and 1.4 (1.3, 1.5), respectively (P<0.05). Only the area under the curve (AUC) of AGR and plasma fibrinogen were greater than 0.8. The optimal predictive cut-1off, AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 3.4 g·L-1, 0.820, 69.57% and 84.47% for plasma fibrinogen; 1.18, 0.813, 82.61% and 78.64% for AGR, respectively. AGR and plasma fibrinogen are promising blood markers for improving the diagnosis of PJI.

Evaluating Biomechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Masticatory Muscles in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Patient-Centric Approach Using MyotonPRO Measurements

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is essential for chewing and speaking functions, as well as for making facial expressions. However, this joint can be affected by disorders, known as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), induced by complex causes that lead to limitations in daily activities. Building on the methodology and findings from our previous study on TMJ function, our research aims to apply the established criteria and norms to patients with TMDs. The primary goal is to evaluate the applicability and clinical relevance of these reference norms in predicting the severity and progression of TMJ disorders within a clinical population. Using non-invasive myotonic measurements, we evaluated 157 subjects, including both non-TMD-affected and TMD-affected individuals. To achieve optimal results, five primary parameters (frequency, stiffness, decrement, relaxation time, and creep) were analyzed using statistical–physical tools, providing quantitative functionality degrees across different previously examined clinical groups. The obtained results identified significant quantitative markers for early diagnosis and personalized treatment of TMJ disorders. This interdisciplinary approach leads to a deeper understanding of TMJ dysfunctions and makes a meaningful contribution to clinical practice, providing more precise tools for managing and treating this complex condition.

Ultrasensitive detection of microRNAs based on cascade amplification strategy of RCA-PER and Cas12a.

Since microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as markers for early cancer diagnosis, it is crucial to develop a novel biosensor to detect miRNAs quickly, sensitively and selectively. Hence, we developed a fluorescence biosensor based on target miRNA-initiated rolling circle amplification (RCA) to generate RCA products with multiple tandem catalytic hairpin DNA templates that trigger primer exchange reactions (PER) which extend short single-strand DNA (ssDNA) primers into long ssDNA. Subsequently, the long ssDNA activates the trans-cleavage activity of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas12a system to cleave a fluorescent reporter chain, enabling ultrasensitive detection of miRNAs through the output fluorescence signal. The biosensor could quantify miRNA-141 concentrations from 100 to 105 pM, with a detection limit of 94 fM. Therefore, the biosensing strategy proposed in this study offers a robust technique for the clinical diagnosis of miRNA-141.

Differential expressions of exosomal miRNAs in patients with chronic heart failure and hyperuricemia: diagnostic values of miR-27a-5p and miR-139-3p.

To analyze the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) complicated by hyperuricemia (HUA) and explore their potential as novel diagnostic molecular markers and their target genes. This study was conducted among 30 CHF patients with HUA (observation group) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group) enrolled between September, 2020 and September, 2023. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 6 CHF patients with HUA for analyzing exosomal miRNAs by high-throughput sequencing, and the results were validated in the remaining 24 patients using qRT-PCR. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to predict the the target genes of the identified differential miRNAs. We also validated the differentially expressed miRNAs by animal experiment. A total of 42 differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs were detected in observation group by high-throughput sequencing; among them, miR-27a-5p was significantly upregulated (P=0.000179), and miR-139-3p was significantly downregulated (P=0.000058). In the 24 patients with both CHF and PUA, qRT-PCR validated significant upregulation of miR-27a-5p (P=0.004) and downregulation of miR-139-3p (P=0.005) in serum exosomes. When combined, miR-27a-5p and miR-139-3p had a maximum area under the curve (AUC) of 0.899 (95% CI: 0812-0.987) for predicting CHF complicated by HUA. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that the differential expressions of miR-27a-5p and miR-139-3p was associated with the activation of the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway to activate the autophagic response. We obtained the same conclusion from animal experiment. Upregulated exosomal miR-27a-5p combined with downregulated exosomal miR-139-3p expression can serve as a novel molecular marker for diagnosis of CHF complicated by HUA, and their differential expression may promote autophagy in cardiomyocytes by activating the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.

Evaluation of the serum level of Lipocalin 2 in vitiligo.

Vitiligo is considered as depigmenting skin disorder where patches of skin losing their pigment. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is one of the Inflammatory adipokines that has a potential role in skin disorders and other inflammatory diseases as well. To measure the concentration level of LCN2 in vitiligo patients compared to healthy controls and to investigate its relation to disease activity and other clinical data to evaluate its role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Eighty individuals subdivided equally into two groups (vitiligo and controls) were enrolled in the study. The serum level of LCN2 was measured by ELISA where from all participants, a 5-mL venous blood was withdrawn in plain tube from each subject. There were high significant difference of LCN2 in serum between both groups where LCN2 was higher in vitiligo patients than than controls with mean and standard deviations of 399.2 ± 134.6 and 257.2 ± 42.5 respectively (p < 0.001). The level of LCN2 tended to increase in vitiligo patients with sudden onset than gradual patients showing a significant difference with p-value 0.030. Regarding the severity of the disease results showed that the level of LCN2 tended to increase in moderate and severe patients than mild but with no significant difference between the groups. LCN2 may play a vital role and a good marker for the early diagnosis and the pathogenesis of vitiligo disease.

Aberrant acetylation caused by a CDYL splicing mutation contributes to thin mid-piece related asthenoteratozoospermia and male infertility.

Acetylated tubulin is a hallmark of flagellar stability in spermatozoa, and studies have demonstrated the ability of CDYL to function as a tubulin acetyltransferase in spermatozoa. Of note, germline conditional knockout of Cdyl can lead to asthenoteratozoospermia and infertility in male mice. However, the role of CDYL gene in human fertility remains uncharacterized. Data were collected through in silico analysis for an infertile man with asthenoteratozoospermia of Han Chinese descent by performing whole-exome sequencing. Light and electron microscopy were used to characterize the sperm cells of the proband, and the pathogenicity of the genetic factors was determined by functional experiments. To overcome fertility problems, intracytoplasmic sperm injections were performed in the couple. Here, we recruited an infertile proband, born to first-cousin parents, displaying idiopathic asthenoteratozoospermia. Whole-exome sequencing identified a splicing mutation (c.103+1G>A) in CDYL, recessively cosegregating in the family. In vitro minigene assays demonstrated that the mutation resulted in aberrant alternative splicing. We found that CDYL co-localizes with Ac-tubulin along the flagella of human spermatozoa. In addition, the expression of Ac-tubulin was severely reduced in spermatozoa from the patient with CDYL mutation. Disruption in CDYL results in thin mid-piece related abnormal flagella morphology and decreased sperm motility. The primary manifestation of sperm ultrastructural abnormalities under the electron microscope is primarily characterized by disorder of axonemal protein complex and anulus. We demonstrated that a homozygous CDYL splicing mutation specifically induces a decrease in microtubule acetylation, resulting in thin mid-piece related asthenoteratozoospermia, providing a novel marker for genetic counseling and diagnosis of male infertility.

The diagnostic accuracy of umbilical cord procalcitonin in predicting early-onset neonatal infection.

To determine the threshold of umbilical cord blood procalcitonin for early-onset neonatal infection diagnosis. This prospective study was conducted on 126 neonates in the neonatal care unit of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, Vietnam, from June 01, 2023 to August 31, 2024. All neonates showed signs at birth or risk factors for early-onset infection (EOI) and were divided into two groups: EOI group and non-EOI group. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected for procalcitonin analysis immediately after birth. The median procalcitonin (PCT) levels in umbilical cord blood were significantly higher in the EOI group (0.154 ng/ml [0.092-0.197]) compared to the non-EOI group (0.097 ng/ml [0.082-0.134]; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined the optimal threshold value of PCT of 0.142 ng/ml with an AUC 0.751 (95% CI: 0.661-0.841, p<0.001) in the total population. At this cut-off, the Se, Sp, PPV, and NPV were 68.2%, 76.8%, 61.2%, and 81.8%, respectively. The optimal cut-off value for preterm neonates was 0.122 ng/ml (AUC: 0.785, 95% CI: 0.658-0.911, p<0.001) corresponding a Se of 79.2%, Sp of 74.1%, PPV of 73.1%, and NPV of 80.0%. In term group, the optimal cut-off value was 0.150 ng/ml (AUC: 0.726, 95% CI: 0.583-0.860, p<0.01), with a Se of 60.0%, Sp of 80.4%, PPV of 52.2%, and NPV of 84.9%. Umbilical cord blood PCT concentration were elevated in neonates with EOI. PCT could be a valuable marker for the early diagnosis of EOI.

Global DNA methylomes reveal oncogenic-associated 5-hydroxylmethylated cytosine (5hmC) signatures in the cell-free DNA of cancer patients.

Characterization of tumor epigenetic aberrations is integral to understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and provide diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive information of high clinical relevance. Among the different tumor-associated epigenetic signatures, 5 methyl-cytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) are the two most well-characterized DNA methylation alterations linked to cancer pathogenesis. 5hmC has a tissue-specific distribution and its abundance is subjected to changes in tumor DNA, making it a promising biomarker. Detecting tumor-related DNA methylation alterations in tissues is highly invasive, while the analysis of the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is poised to supplement, if not replace, surgical biopsies. Despite many studies attempted to identify new epigenetic targets for liquid biopsy assays, little is known about the regulatory roles of 5hmC, its impacts on the molecular phenotypes in tumors. Most importantly, whether the oncogenic-associated 5hmC signatures found in tumor tissues can be recapitulated in patients' cfDNA. In this study, we performed the unbiased and simultaneous detection of 5mC and 5hmC whole-genome DNA modifications at base-resolution from two distinct cancer cohorts, from patients with bladder cancer or B-Cell lymphoma, their corresponding normal tissues, and cfDNAs from plasma. We analyzed tissue-specific methylation patters and searched for signatures in gene coding and regulatory regions linked to cancerous states. We then looked for methylation signatures in patients' cfDNA to determine if they were consistent with the tumor-specific patterns. We determined the functional significance of 5hmC in tissue specific transcription and uncovered hundreds of tumor-associated 5hmC signatures. These tumor-associated 5hmC changes, particularly in genes and enhancers, were functionally significant in tumorigenesis pathways and correlated with tumor specific gene expression. To investigate if cfDNA is a faithful surrogate for tumor-associated 5hmC, we devised a targeted capture strategy to examine the alterations of 5hmC in cfDNA from patients with bladder cancer and lymphoma with sufficient sensitivity and specificity and confirmed that they recapitulated the patterns we observed in tumor tissues. Our results provide analytic validation of 5hmC as a cancer-specific biomarker. The methods described here for systematic characterization of 5hmC at functional elements open new avenues to discover epigenetic markers for non-invasive diagnosis, monitoring, and stratifying cancer.

COL1A1, COL1A2, CHN1, and FN1 Promote Tumorogenesis and Act as Markers of Diagnosis and Survival in Gastric Cancer Patients.

This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the molecular landscape of gastric cancer (GC) by integrating various bioinformatics tools and experimental validations. GSE79973 dataset, limma package, STRING, UALCAN, GEPIA, OncoDB, cBioPortal, DAVID, TISIDB, Gene Set Cancer Analysis (GSCA), tissue samples, RT-qPCR, and cell proliferation assay were employed in this study. Analysis of the GSE79973 dataset identified 300 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), from which COL1A1, COL1A2, CHN1, and FN1 emerged as pivotal hub genes using protein-protein interaction network analysis. Subsequent validation across The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets confirmed their up-regulation in GC tissues compared to normal controls. Promoter methylation analysis revealed decreased methylation levels of these hubs in GC tissues, suggesting their potential role in tumorigenesis. Mutational analysis using cBioPortal showcased frequent mutations in these genes, particularly FN1, further highlighting their significance in GC pathogenesis. Survival analysis indicated their correlation with reduced overall survival rates among GC patients, supported by the development of a robust prognostic model. Prediction of hub-associated miRNAs and gene enrichment analysis provided insights into their regulatory mechanisms and downstream pathways, implicating their involvement in extracellular matrix remodeling and cell migration. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed correlations between hub gene expression and drug response, while RT-qPCR validation confirmed their upregulation in clinical GC samples. Finally, functional assays demonstrated the impact of FN1 knockdown on cellular proliferation, colony formation, and wound healing capacities. Overall, this study elucidates the crucial role of COL1A1, COL1A2, CHN1, and FN1 in GC pathogenesis and underscores their potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

The Value of Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) as Clinical Marker in Diagnosis of Pediatric Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

The Value of Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) as Clinical Marker in Diagnosis of Pediatric Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

Diagnostic role of circulating long non-coding RNA LINC00312 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study

BackgroundLINC00312 has shown to play a suppressive role in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the expression pattern and diagnostic role of circulating LINC00312 in NSCLC remain to be confused.MethodsA total of 319 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and 180 healthy volunteers were enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University between January, 2022 and December, 2023. The participates were randomly assigned into the training and validation groups with a ratio of 6:4, while the remaining was named as the exosomal group. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to investigate the expression pattern of LINC00312 in NSCLC tissues, serum samples and cell lines. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out for distinguishing NSCLC from healthy volunteers.ResultsHere, we revealed that LINC00312 was lowly expressed in NSCLC and low LINC00312 expression manifested a poor prognosis. Additionally, compared with the healthy volunteer group, a reduction of circulating LINC00312 in patients with NSCLC was observed in both the training and validation groups. Further correlation analysis indicated that circulating LINC00312 expression was tightly associated with lymph node metastasis, cancer thrombus, spread through air space (STAS) status and pathological type. Moreover, circulating LINC00312 showed a good performance to distinguish NSCLC from healthy volunteers with a higher sensitivity and specificity values. Lastly, exosomal LINC00312 level was also decreased in NSCLC compared with in healthy volunteers.ConclusionsTaken together, these data unveil that circulating LINC00312 was notably downregulated in NSCLC, offering a novel non-invasive marker for diagnosis of NSCLC.

Serum Thyroglobulin as a Marker for Differential Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism.

To evaluate the role of serum thyroglobulin (TG) as a biochemical marker for differential diagnosis of common aetiologies of hyperthyroidism. Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from October 2023 to March 2024. One hundred and forty-eight patients with clinical or biochemical hyperthyroidism were enrolled in the study. Samples were taken for serum thyroglobulin and evaluated for different causes of hyperthyroidism as demonstrated on the thyroid scan. Serum TG levels were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay and levels >42 ng/ml were considered elevated. Relationship between TG levels and different causes of hyperthyroidism was determined via independent samples non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The study found that 76.3% (n = 113) of patients had raised TG levels, with significant differences in median TG levels observed among the different hyperthyroidism aetiologies. Thyroiditis exhibited the highest median TG levels (202.5 ng/ml), followed by toxic adenoma (139 ng/ml) and toxic multinodular goitre (102 ng/ml), while Graves' disease had the lowest levels (34 ng/ml). Sensitivity of thyroglobulin to detect thyroid disease was 76% while specificity came out to be 100%. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% while negative predictive value (NPV) was 20.45%. Serum TG levels vary markedly among different aetiologies of hyperthyroidism with the highest levels in thyroiditis and the lowest in Graves' disease. Thyroglobulin, Hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease, Thyroiditis.

Research Progress of DNA Methylation Markers for Endometrial Carcinoma Diagnosis.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common malignancies of the female reproductive system in developed countries and areas. Ultrasound-guided and hysteroscopic samplings are commonly used to diagnose EC. However, clinicians question their diagnostic efficacy and the associated patient discomfort. DNA methylation is the widely studied epigenetic alteration in human tumors, and tumor screening and diagnosis. This review summarized common methods for collecting clinical samples for methylation testing. Furthermore, we analyzed the diagnostic evaluation indices of different methylation marker assays in clinical diagnosis and discussed the challenges of methylation testing in the future application of EC diagnosis.

Comparative Analysis of Vocal Communication and Atypicality in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Developmental Delay, and Typical Development

PurposeThe current study aimed to examine the similarities and differences in vocal characteristics between Mandarin-speaking 36–72-month-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), children with developmental delay (DD), and typically developing (TD) children. MethodsWe analyzed vocal characteristics during parent–child free play. Video and audio samples were collected from 21 children with ASD, 18 children with DD matched groupwise for developmental level, and 15 TD children matched groupwise for chronological age. ResultsCompared to children in the DD and TD groups, children with ASD exhibited a significantly higher proportion of nonspeech vocalizations (NSV, p<0.01), atypical vocalizations (ATY, p<0.001), noncommunicative vocalizations (NCV, p<0.001), and no response to others (NR, p<0.001). These four metrics were significantly correlated with children’s performance on the developmental evaluation and intelligence test. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 0.871–0.978, with moderate accuracy, when using these four metrics to differentiate between children with ASD and TD children; this value improved to 1.000 with high accuracy when combining the four metrics. The AUC ranged from 0.747–0.820 when using the four metrics to differentiate children with ASD from those with DD and improved to 0.857 when combining the four metrics. ConclusionThese preliminary data suggest that vocal communication and vocal atypicality may be unique features of children with minimally verbal ASD and that the four metrics—NSV, ATY, NCV, and NR—have the potential to be ASD behavioral markers in screening and diagnosis.

Progress in the Study of Intratumoral Microorganisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The intratumoral microbiota, an integral part of liver tumors, has garnered significant attention from researchers due to its role in tumor development regulation and impact on cancer treatment. Intratumoral microorganism not only influences tumorigenesis and progression, but also serves as potential biomarkers and targets for tumor therapy. Targeted manipulation of these microorganisms holds great promise for personalized liver cancer treatment. However, there is a lack of systematic summaries and reports on the study of intratumoral microorganism in hepatocellular carcinoma. This comprehensive review aims to address this gap by summarizing research progress related to in the field of hepatocellular carcinoma intratumoral bacteria, including their sources, types, distribution characteristics within tumors, impact on tumor development, underlying mechanisms, and application prospects. Through the analysis, it is proposed that intratumor organisms can be used as markers for liver cancer diagnosis and treatment, drug carrier materials for targeting liver cancer tissues, and the research prospects of developing new combination therapies based on the in-depth understanding of the interactions between intratumor microorganisms and the tumor microenvironment, immune cells, liver cancer cells, etc. as well as exploring the prospects of developing new combination therapies based on these interactions. It is hoped that from the perspective of intratumoral microbiota, potential theoretical support can be provided for future research on targeted cancer therapy for liver cancer intratumoral microbiota, and new insights and ideas can be provided for targeting points and research methods in tumor research.

Unveiling ADAMTS12: A key driver of bladder cancer progression via COL3A1-Mediated activation of the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Bladder cancer (BCa) is a common and lethal disease characterized by high recurrence rates and limited treatment options. Understanding the molecular pathways of BCa progress is crucial for investigating more effective targeted therapies. While ADAMTS12 is known to contribute to cancer progression and treatment resistance, its prognostic significance and underlying mechanisms in BCa remain poorly understood. To elucidate the molecular pathways and functions of ADAMTS12 in BCa, we employed various experimental approaches, including Transwell invasion assays, flow cytometry analysis, wound-healing assays, CCK-8 assays, and a xenograft tumor model. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of ADAMTS12 significantly enhanced cell growth, migration, and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis through the activation of the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conversely, the knockdown of ADAMTS12 produced the opposite effects. Invivo studies further confirmed that the inhibition of ADAMTS12 effectively suppressed tumor progression. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the TCGA-BLCA dataset and protein-protein interaction networks revealed a strong positive correlation between COL3A1 and ADAMTS12, identifying COL3A1 as a potential downstream target of ADAMTS12. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in the expression levels of ADAMTS12 and COL3A1 in BCa tissues compared to healthy tissues, as confirmed by Western blotting and qRT-PCR analysis. Notably, inhibition of COL3A1 reversed the enhanced cell growth and invasion associated with ADAMTS12 overexpression and suppressed cell apoptosis. Our findings suggest that ADAMTS12 promotes BCa progression through the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by regulating COL3A1, highlighting its potential as a valuable marker for diagnosis and prognosis in BCa.

Study of histopathological characteristics and hormonal receptors biomarkers of breast cancer in Benghazi medical Centre in the period between (2019-2024)

Background: Breast cancer is considered as the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide accounting for 11.7% of new cancer cases in 2020. Thus, breast cancer remains a significant global health concern despite the rapid advances in this field. Material and methods: Study data were collected and medical records of patients at Benghazi Medical Centre were reviewed to obtain data on age, sex, tumour site, nationality, family history, year of diagnosis, site, pathological grade and tumour markers. Result: The results showed that the highest number recorded was 23 cases in 2020 and 22 cases in 2023, the mean age was 53 years, while the age group was from 31 to 80 years, in a geographical area of Benghazi 43%, there were 68 cases from Libya and one case from Egypt, 68% showed a negative family history, and most of the cases were between stage II and stage III. Regarding site of the tumour 49% are in the left side of the tumour site and 47.8% in the right side, and 2.9% were bilateral. Most of the cases were negative for Her2, positive for ER, and positive for PR, regarding expression of Ki-67 level values in 12 cases expression was (20-40%) and in10 cases expression was&gt;80%. Most of the cases 91% the histopathological report reported invasive ductal carcinoma. Conclusion: Early detection and diagnosis using new technologies, improved access to affordable treatment, more palliative care and support for breast cancer research are all important measures that must be addressed to reduce morbidity and mortality.

The Application of Imaging and Molecular Markers in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and its diagnosis and treatment face many challenges. In recent years, the combination of imaging techniques and molecular markers has made remarkable progress in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Imaging techniques such as CT, MRI and PET-CT can provide anatomical and functional information of tumors, while molecular markers such as EGFR and HER2 play a key role in tumor diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. However, how to effectively combine these technologies to achieve more accurate diagnosis and treatment is still a gap in research. This paper reviews the combined application of imaging technology and molecular markers in cancer diagnosis, therapeutic response monitoring and individualized therapy, analyzes the synergistic effect of multimodal imaging technology and molecular markers, and finds that it has significant advantages in early detection and individualized treatment planning. Combining imaging and molecular marker information can improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and guide targeted therapies. The combination of such technologies provides a new reference for precision cancer medicine in the future, but further research is still needed in the aspects of marker sensitivity and image analysis automation. In the future, the combination of new technologies such as artificial intelligence is expected to promote the development of more accurate and efficient cancer diagnosis and treatment.