Marker Malondialdehyde Levels Research Articles

Tert-butylhydroquinone prevents cyclophosphamide induce lung toxicity in rats via inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis: in vivo and in silico study

BackgroundCyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent that induces oxidative stress, causing lung tissue damage.AimThe study aims to explore the antioxidant role of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in ameliorating CP-induced lung toxicity exhibited as oxidative stress and programmed cell death.MethodsThirty-two adult male rats were allocated randomly into four groups: group 1 (control), group 2 TBHQ 50 mg/kg orally for 14 days, and group 3 single dose of (200 mg/kg, CP, i.p.) on the 9th day. In group 4, TBHQ (50 mg/kg, orally) was provided for 14 days, and (200 mg/kg, CP, i.p.) was administrated on the 9th day. Rats’ body and lung weight were measured. Oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and pulmonary tissue enzymatic antioxidant levels were assessed: glutathione S transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Additionally, glutathione level was measured. Assessment of the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were done as well as histopathological and immunohistochemistry investigations. Molecular docking studies of the protein structures of p53-MDM2, IL-6, and IL-1β were performed.ResultsCP-intoxicated rats demonstrated a significant decline (CAT, GPx, SOD, GST, and GSH) levels and a significant increase in MDA levels. The proinflammatory parameters (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß) were significantly elevated in group 3. The noted biochemical changes, accompanied by histopathological destruction, indicate CP-induced pulmonary tissue injury. TBHQ played a protective role by attenuating most of the aforementioned biochemical alterations and histopathological distortions in rats’ lungs.ConclusionsTBHQ might be utilized as a potential ameliorative agent to inhibit CP-induced pulmonary toxicity via TBHQ’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Obesity in western Iraqi patients: the involvement of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde

Abstract 
 In this study, the relationship between obesity and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, and catalase, as well as oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) was investigated. The results showed no significant change in SOD serum levels in obese groups compared to healthy groups. However, glutathione and catalase levels were found to be significantly lower in obese individuals. Studies have suggested that reduced glutathione and catalase activity may be associated with insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities commonly seen in obesity. In contrast, the current research found no significant correlation between MDA levels and obesity, although some studies have reported a positive correlation between them. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and to investigate potential interventions targeting oxidative stress in the prevention and management of obesity.
 Keywords: Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, SOD, MDA, Obesity, antioxidants, oxidants.

Wet cupping therapy removes oxidative stress related miRNAs

Background: Wet cupping therapy is commonly used in different conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, inflammatory and infectious diseases. The mechanism of action of wet cupping therapy is not yet clear, however several studies have demonstrated that it has a role in limiting oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wet cupping therapy on oxidative stress-related miRNAs miRNA-34a, miRNA-200a, miRNA-21 levels and oxidant-antioxidant status markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels.
 Methods: 60 healthy volunteer women aged 20-75 years (n=30, 20-45 years; n=30, 45-75 years) who were applied wet cupping at Konya Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Traditional and Complementary Medicine Center were included in this study. Plasma miRNA-34a, miRNA-200a and miRNA-21 levels were analyzed by using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) analysis. MDA and GSH levels were measured using the commercial ELISA kits. 
 Results: MDA levels [2003.10 (1810.17-7392.15) vs 1884.04 (1800.10-4488.05), p=0.027] of wet cupping blood samples higher than venous blood samples, while GSH levels [125.97 (90.65-219.43) vs 131.77 (88.77-246.42), p=0.037] were lower. miRNA-34a [(0.94±0.74) vs (0.53±0.28), p

ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF GHRELIN ON NICOTINE-INDUCED RENAL TISSUE DAMAGE IN MICE

Background: Ghrelin is an orexiogenic peptide released from stomach. It protects multiple organs of the body by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Ghrelin combats oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and decreasing lipid peroxidation. This study was done to determine the nephroprotective effect of ghrelin against nicotine induced renal tissue damage in BALB/c mice by estimating tissue antioxidant enzyme levels, namely catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at Foundation University School of Health Sciences, Islamabad in collaboration with National Institute of Health, Islamabad. Total of 27 male mice from NIH were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group I (control) received 1 ml/Kg body weight saline, Group II (nicotine only) received 2.5 mg/Kg of body weight nicotine daily and Group III (nicotine plus ghrelin) received nicotine 2.5 mg/Kg body weight each day along with ghrelin 10 ?g/Kg on alternate days for 29 days via intraperitoneal administration. Renal tissue sampling was done on 30th day for estimation of tissue oxidative stress markers through ELISA. Results: Nicotine administration led to significantly increased levels of CAT (p<0.001), SOD (p<0.001), GR (p<0.001), and decreased MDA (p<0.001) levels in group II. Administration of ghrelin along with nicotine in Group III resulted in significant restoration (p<0.001) of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GR) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) (p<0.001) levels. Conclusion: Ghrelin acted as a potent antioxidant in nicotine induced oxidative stress in renal tissue suggesting its potential nephroprotective role. Pak J Physiol 2023;19(2):3–5

Vitamin D deficiency enhances vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiotensin II levels in the microcirculation of diabetic patients

Low vitamin D (vitD) levels have been reported to be a risk factor for diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. This study examined the effects of vitD deficiency on oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and levels of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (Ang II) in the microvascular tissue of type 2 diabetic patients. Patients were categorized into (i) vitD non-deficient diabetics (DNP, n = 10) and (ii) vitD-deficient diabetics (DDP, n = 10), based on their serum 25(OH)D levels. Subcutaneous fat tissues with intact blood vessels were collected during lower limb surgical procedures. The blood vessel were isolated; measurements of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, OS marker malondialdehyde (MDA), Ang II, and the inflammatory marker, TNF-α of the microvascular tissues were determined. Elevated MDA levels and reduced SOD activity, with higher levels of TNF-α and Ang II were observed in the microvascular tissues of DDP compared to DNP. VitD deficiency did not associate with glycemic parameters (fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin) levels. In conclusion, vitD deficiency was correlated with higher microvascular tissue OS, inflammation, and Ang II levels in type 2 diabetic patients. This may contribute to early vasculopathy that occurs in diabetic patients, thus, may contribute to the planning of therapeutic strategies to delay or prevent cardiovascular complications.

Insulin resistance and Oxidant-Antioxidant Markers in Young Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Introduction: Oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR) may contribute to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). IR promotes hyperglycaemia, which may increase the production of reactive oxygen species and decrease in antioxidant levels in PCOS. Aim: To investigate the oxidant-antioxidant status and its association with insulin resistance in young women with PCOS.Materials and methods: The present study involved two groups, PCOS (n = 55) and age and BMI matched controls (n = 55). Serum levels of various oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidants- superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured using spectrophotometric assays. HOMA-IR method was used to assess the insulin resistance. Results were analysed to compare and correlate insulin resistance with these oxidative stress markers. Results: PCOS group had significantly higher MDA and lower TAC activity, SOD, catalase levels than the control group (p < 0.001). PCOS patients with IR had significantly higher MDA, while SOD, catalase, TAC levels lower than the PCOS patients without IR (p< 0.001). Infertile PCOS patients had significantly higher MDA, and lower SOD, catalase, TAC level than the fertile PCOS patients (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant and positive correlation between HOMA-IR and MDA levels, whereas HOMA-IR showed statistically significant negative correlation with SOD, catalase and TAC levels. onclusion: Our findings suggest that young PCOS women may experience oxidative stress due to insulin resistance. As a result, the existence of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and oxidative damage in PCOS is likely to hasten the gradual progression of cardiovascular disease.

Estimation of Serum Leptin, Adiponectin, and Malondialdehyde Levels in Tobacco-Induced Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: ELISA-Based Study

Background Tobacco, a harmful, addictive chemical is responsible for occurrence of oral cancer by triggering inflammation and lipid peroxidation. The aim of the present study is to explore if there exists any difference in serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as leptin, adiponectin, and lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and also its correlation with oxidative stress in cases of tobacco-induced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as compared with tobacco users having no lesion. Materials and Methods Enrolled participants in this study included a total of 84 subjects (all males and 28 in each group) inclusive of healthy individuals, tobacco users with no lesion, and oral cancer cases. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and MDA levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in all subjects. Results A significant reduction in serum leptin and adiponectin levels in patients with OSCC was observed when compared with tobacco users with no lesions and healthy persons (control). For serum MDA, findings were comparable in control and tobacco consumers with no lesions groups but significantly higher in OSCC cases. The correlation between serum adiponectin, leptin, and MDA levels with body mass index (BMI) was highly significant. In addition, comparison of BMI with serum markers and histopathological grades of OSCC showed significant difference. Conclusion These present study observations suggest that reduced adiponectin and leptin and elevated serum MDA could serve as valuable markers for both preventive and clinical intervention, and may deserve further investigation for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OSCC.

Assessment of Oxidative Stress by the Estimation of Lipid Peroxidation Marker Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the oxidative stress-mediated lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA) in periodontitis using the available literature. An electronic literature search was performed for the published articles from 2000 to 2022 in PubMed (MeSH), Science Direct, Wiley Online library, and cross-reference using specific keywords. The literature search identified 1,166 articles. After analyzing the abstracts of the obtained articles, the articles were excluded for the following reasons: duplicate studies (n = 395) and not relevant to the research question (n = 726). The remaining 45 articles were chosen for full-text evaluation. Finally, the present qualitative synthesis selected 34 articles that met the inclusion criteria for evaluation and removed the articles which did not meet the required criteria (n = 11). Out of these, 16 articles had coherent data for quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis used the standardized mean differences method at a 95% confidence interval by random-effects model. The periodontitis group displayed significantly higher MDA levels (P < 0.001) in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva, and serum samples of the studies analyzed than the healthy control. The analyzed studies showed significantly higher MDA levels in various biological samples of patients with periodontitis, supporting the role of elevated oxidative stress and consequent lipid peroxidation in periodontitis.

Increased inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress enhanced antibody production in breast and prostate cancer patients with COVID-19 related depression.

Cancer management is highly dependent on the immune status of the patient. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of people suffered from anxiety and depression, especially cancer patients. The effect of depression on breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) patients, during the pandemic has been analyzed in this study. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl content (CC) were estimated in patients' serum samples. Serum antibodies against in vitro hydroxyl radical (•OH) modified pDNA (•OH-pDNA-Abs) were estimated using direct binding and inhibition ELISA. Cancer patients showed increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers (MDA and CC levels), which were further significantly enhanced in cancer patients with depression compared to normal healthy (NH) individuals. Increased levels of •OH-pDNA-Abs were detected in breast cancer (0.506 ± 0.063) and prostate cancer (0.441 ± 0.066) patients compared to NH subjects. Serum antibodies were found to be significantly elevated in BC patients with depression (BCD) (0.698 ± 0.078) and prostate cancer patients with depression (PCD) (0.636 ± 0.058). Inhibition ELISA also exhibited significantly high percent inhibition in BCD (68.8% ± 7.8%) and PCD (62.9% ± 8.3%) subjects compared to BC (48.9% ± 8.1%), and PC (43.4% ± 7.5%) subjects. Cancer is characterized by enhanced oxidative stress and increased inflammation, which may be exaggerated with COVID-19 related depression. High oxidative stress and compromised antioxidant homeostasis exerts alterations in DNA, leading to formation of neo-antigens, subsequently leading to the generation of antibodies. COVID-19 pandemic related depression needs to be addressed globally for improved cancer patient care and cancer disease management.

Combining Oxidative Stress Markers and Expression of Surfactant Protein A in Lungs in the Diagnosis of Seawater Drowning.

The diagnosis of seawater drowning (SWD) remains one of the most complex and contentious. It is one of the leading causes of unintentional death around the world. In most cases, the forensic pathologist must reach an accurate diagnosis from the autopsy findings and a series of complementary tests such as histopathological, biological, and chemical studies. Despite the lung being the most affected organ in death by submersion, there are few studies on this type of death's impact on this organ. The aim was to investigate human lung cadavers of forensic cases due to different causes of death, the concentration of the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl glycine (GSH), and the relationship with the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A) to try to discriminate SWD from other types of causes of death. A total of 93 forensic autopsy cases were analyzed. Deaths were classified into three major groups based on the scene, cause of death, and autopsy findings (external foam, frothy fluid in airways, overlapping medial edges of the lungs): (a) drowning in seawater (n = 35), (b) other asphyxia (n = 33), such as hangings (n = 23), suffocations (n = 6), and strangulation (n = 4), and (c) other causes (n = 25), such as multiple suffocations. Oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH) and the immunohistochemical expression of SP-A were determined in both lungs. MDA levels were statistically higher in both lungs in cases of SWD than in other causes of death (p = 0.023). Similarly, significantly higher levels of GSH were observed in SWD compared to the rest of the deaths (p = 0.002), which was more significant in the right lung. Higher immunohistochemical expression of SP-A was obtained in the cases of SWD than in the other causes of death, with higher levels in both lungs. The correlation analysis between the levels of oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) in the lung tissue and the expression level of SP-A showed positive and significant results in SWD, both in the alveolar membrane and the alveolar space. Determining the levels of MDA and GSH in lung tissue and the expression level of SP-A can be of great importance in diagnosing SWD and the circumstances of death. A better understanding of the physiology of submersion is essential for its possible repercussions in adopting measures in the approach to patients who have survived a submersion process. It is also necessary for forensic pathology to correctly interpret the events that lead to submersion.

Investigation of the Relationship between Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers and Treatment Response in First-Attack Major Depression Patients: A Follow-Up Study.

There is a need to biomarkers for major depression (MD). The goals of this study are to compare serum levels of oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and F2-isoprostane and inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) between patients with first-episode MD and healthy controls, to investigate the change of these markers after treatment and to investigate the relationship between levels of these markers and treatment response. Our study was performed in 30 first-episode MD patients and 30 healthy volunteers. During the clinical evaluation Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression Scale were applied to the participants. Serum levels of markers were measured at the baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. Compared to the control group, first-episode MD patients had significantly higher IL-6, CRP and MDA levels and lower F2- isoprostane levels. There was no difference between the groups in terms of TNF-α levels. TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and F2-isoprostane levels decreased significantly after treatment, whereas there was no significant change in CRP levels with treatment. Baseline F2-isoprostane levels were found to be significantly higher in treatment responders than nonresponders (p<0.05). In our study, it was shown that there are irregularities related to inflammatory processes and oxidative stress in MD, even in patients who had their first-episode and did not take medication, and these irregularities can be resolved after treatment. While there was a relationship between treatment response and baseline F2-isoprostane levels, there was no relationship with other biomarkers.

Evaluation of Oxidative stress using Superoxide Dismutase and Lipid Peroxidation in Lichen Planus: A Tissue Level Enzymatic Analysis Study

Introduction: Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease of oral mucosa with unknown etiology.Many studies have suggested that increased oxidative stress, an imbalance in the antioxidant defense system maybe involved in pathogenesis of Lichen planus.Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the tissue levels of antioxidant Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and lipidperoxidation marker Malondialdehyde (MDA) in established cases of OLP and healthy individuals.Methodology: Ten patients with OLP and 10 control subjects matched for age and sex were enrolled in this casecontrol study. The tissue levels of SOD and MDA were measured both in case and control groups.Results: The tissue levels of SOD were increased that was statistically significant in OLP patients compared tohealthy controls (p&lt;0.01). The lipid peroxidation product MDA were relatively higher in OLP patients comparedto healthy controls. Conclusion: The current study suggests that oxidative damage is one of the major causes forthe pathogenesis of OLP.

The Association of Increased Oxidative Stress and Tumor Biomarkers Related to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure for Different Occupational Workers in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.

Exposure to occupational polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is correlated with several adverse effects on human health, including bladder, lung, and skin cancer. The correlation between PAH exposure and oxidative stress and tumor markers needs to be further explored. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine the effect of acute exposure to PAHs on oxidative stress and tumor marker levels in occupational workers during the Hajj season in Makkah. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 105 workers during Hajj; 60 workers were employed in the open air for ≥eight hours/day, exposed them to high levels of considerable traffic and huge crowds, and 45 workers served as our control group who were unexposed and working in a rural area. Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we analyzed participants' urinary 1-hydroxypyrene to determine PAH levels. Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analyzed in serum using a spectrophotometer. The serum p53 and p21 proteins were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We used IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) to calculate multivariate logistic regression analysis for oxidative stress and tumor markers such as age, working period, and smoking status risk factors. Additionally, we evaluated associations between oxidative stress and tumor markers. The mean levels of MDA, GST, and LDH were significantly elevated in exposed workers compared to the control group (p<.001). Also, p53 and p21 protein levels were significantly higher in the occupationally exposed group than in the unexposed control group (p<0.05). No significant correlation between age and increased levels of p53 and p21 was found. In our study, PAH exposure is significantly correlated with higher levels of oxidative stress and tumor marker levels in occupational workers. The evaluation of oxidative stress and tumor marker indicators can efficiently identify workers at high risk of PAH exposure and may assist in preventing future health concerns.More biomarkers should be included in other longitudinal studies to address exposure related to different health risks among workers, especially cancer risk.More prospective studies are required to validate diagnostic utilities and efficiencies of different biomarker combinations.

Estimation of gingival crevicular fluid oxidative stress markers in school-aged children and teenagers with insufficient sleep

BackgroundSleep is crucial for survival. Sleep deprivation causes ROS accumulation and, consequently, oxidative stress. The goal of the study was to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of the oxidative stress status hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide glutathione (GSH), and cellular oxidative damage marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in school-aged children and teenagers with insufficient sleep.MethodsThis study investigated sleep duration in 80 participants from two different developmental stages: school-aged children (6–13 years) and teenagers (14–17 years). GCF samples were obtained from all individuals, and samples were investigated to detect H2O2, GSH, and MDA levels using the micro method.ResultsResults reveal that GCF MDA and H2O2 in school-age children and teenagers with insufficient sleep were significantly higher than in children with sufficient sleep. GCF GSH with insufficient sleep was insignificantly lower than in children with sufficient sleep. There was no significant difference between school-age and teenage populations.ConclusionSleep deprivation causes increased levels of oxidative stress in gingival crevicular fluid, and adequate sleep is essential for maintaining redox balance.

The Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Apoptotic, and Antioxidant Effects of a Pomegranate-Peel Extract against Acrylamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats.

The Acrylamide is a toxic compound generated under oxidative stress arising from intracellular ROS production and induced toxicity. It is frequently used in industry and generated through the heating of tobacco and foods high in carbohydrates. The exact mechanism of its toxicity is still unclear. In this study, an extract of the peels of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), a nutritious and visually appealing fruit with a diverse bioactive profile, was examined for its potential anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups of 10 rats each: Group 1 was a negative-control group (CNT) and received normal saline; Group 2 was a positive-control acrylamide group and received acrylamide orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg/bw; in Group 3, the rats were supplemented with pomegranate-peel extract (P.P; 150 mg/kg/bw) orally on a daily basis for 3 weeks, administered simultaneously with the acrylamide treatment described for Group 2; Group 4 was a protective group, and the animals received the pomegranate-peel extract and acrylamide as stated for Groups 2 and 3, with the pomegranate-peel extract (P.P. extract) administered 1 week earlier than the acrylamide. The results indicate that acrylamide exposure increased the serum levels of AST, ALT, creatinine, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6 in an extraordinary manner. In addition, it increased the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and simultaneously weakened antioxidant biomarker activities (SOD, GSH, and catalase) and reduced the levels of interleukin-10. The pomegranate-peel extract was shown to reduce the inflammatory blood markers of interleukin-1 beta and IL-6. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and interleukin-10 were all significantly elevated in comparison to the acrylamide-treatment group as a result of the significant reduction in MDA levels induced by the P.P extract. In addition, the pomegranate-peel extract normalized the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and caspase-3 levels, with a significant upregulation of the mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2), and Bcl-2. Therefore, these data reveal that pomegranate peel has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, free-radical-scavenging, and powerful antioxidant activity that protects against acrylamide toxicity.

Thiamine Protects Glioblastoma Cells against Glutamate Toxicity by Suppressing Oxidative/Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Thiamine (vitamin B1), which is synthesized only in bacteria, fungi and plants and which humans should take with diet, participates in basic biochemical and physiological processes in a versatile way and its deficiency is associated with neurological problems accompanied by cognitive dysfunctions. The rat glioblastoma (C6) model was used, which was exposed to a limited environment and toxicity with glutamate. The cells were stressed by exposure to glutamate in the presence and absence of thiamine. The difference in cell proliferation was evaluated in the XTT assay. Oxidative stress (OS) markers malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor-4 (ATF-4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels, were measured with commercial kits. Apoptosis determined by flow cytometry was confirmed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. At all concentrations, thiamine protects the cells and increased the viability against glutamate-induced toxicity. Thiamine also significantly decreased the levels of MDA, while increasing SOD and CAT levels. Moreover, thiamine reduced ER stress proteins' levels. Moreover, it lessened the apoptotic cell amount and enhanced the live-cell percentage in the flow cytometry and DAPI staining. As a result, thiamine may be beneficial nutritional support for individuals with a predisposition to neurodegenerative disorders due to its protective effect on glutamate cytotoxicity in glioblastoma cells by suppressing OS and ER stress.

Assessment of serum catalase, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde levels in keratoconus patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between keratoconus disease and the antioxidant activities of catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum. The study included 50 patients diagnosed with keratoconus and 53 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects. The keratoconus patients were grouped according to the four keratoconus stages based on the modified Krumeich keratoconus classification system. The CAT, GSH and SOD activities and MDA levels in the serum samples collected from the patient and control groups were compared. The mean serum CAT, GSH, SOD and MDA levels in the keratoconus group were determined to be 0.075 (0.074-0.078)U/L, 0.002 (0.001-0.006) mmol/ml, 1.56 (1.51-1.62)U/L and 1.69 (1.65-1.99) mmol/L, respectively, and those in the control group were determined to be 0.024 (0.013-0.037)U/L, 0.029 (0.018-0.049) mmol/ml, 4.13 (4.01-4.17) U/L and 0.74 (0.65-0.82) mmol/L. The serum GSH levels and SOD activity were significantly lower in the keratoconus group (p < 0.001 for both) than in the control group while the CAT activity and MDA levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001 for both). The low serum GSH levels and SOD activity and the high CAT activity and MDA levels observed in this study suggest the presence of oxidative stress and inadequate antioxidant defence mechanisms in keratoconus patients. The studied parameters may offer auxiliary markers for use in the diagnosis and treatment of the keratoconus disease and in its potential therapeutic targets in the future.

Malondialdehyde, an Oxidative Stress Marker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: To qualitative and quantitatively review published literature assessing the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methodology: Pubmed (MeSH), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Willey Online Library, Cochrane, and Cross Reference were searched for studies assessing MDA levels in OSCC samples. Results: From the 1008 articles identified, 849 were excluded based on title and abstract screening due to duplication and irrelevance to the topic of interest. Full-text assessment of the remaining 159 articles led to the inclusion of only 46 articles that satisfied the selection criteria. Of these, only 26 studies had data compatible for quantitative analysis. The MDA levels in OSCC groups are significantly increased (p < 0.00001) in plasma, serum, and saliva samples in the majority of the studies evaluated. In contrast, MDA levels in OSCC tissue samples are significantly attenuated (p < 0.00001) compared to healthy controls, supported by fewer studies. Conclusions: The augmented MDA levels in plasma, serum, and saliva samples of the OSCC reflect the heightened oxidative stress level accurately. Further studies are required to understand the attenuated MDA levels in the tissue samples of OSCC. Correlation analysis between MDA levels with established clinicopathological prognostic markers could aid in formulating oxidative stress-based prognostication and treatment planning.

A Meta-Analysis in Assessing Oxidative Stress Using Malondialdehyde in Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress (OS) marker Malondialdehyde (MDA) in oral submucous fibrosis with available literature. Materials and Methods We conducted a literature search electronically in PubMed (MeSH), Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar using specific keywords. Results A systematic search in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar identified 334 articles. Of these, four were duplicate reports, and three were animal studies. After reading the abstracts of the collected articles, 288 articles were excluded for the following reasons: low quality, not relevant to the research question, or did not meet the inclusion criteria. The remaining 46 articles were chosen for full-text assessment. Finally, the present qualitative synthesis included 23 articles for evaluation. The selected studies in MDA analysis in a random-effects model showed higher heterogeneity (Q = 477.636, p < 0.001, I 2 = 95.394%). The standard difference in mean MDA concentration between oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and healthy subjects was estimated as 2.73 nmol/mL (95% confidence interval: 2.08–3.38). Conclusion The selected studies showed significantly higher MDA levels in various biological samples of patients with OSMF. Therefore, further studies are needed to estimate oxidative stress levels by using different biomarkers in OSMF to direct future therapy.

Effects Of Polyphenols Supplementation On Inflammation And Oxidative Stress After Acute Exercise: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis

Polyphenols are plant-based bioactive compounds that demonstrate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Acute exercise works as a stressor on body tissues, leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of polyphenols supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers after acute exercise. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of polyphenols supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers post-acute exercise. PubMed was searched using key words “polyphenol inflammation exercise” and “polyphenol oxidative stress exercise”. Outcome measures included inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA). Outcomes were compared by calculating standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The total number of articles identified to be included in the study for quantitative synthesis were 14, including 10 studies on “polyphenol inflammation exercise” with 274 subjects, and 4 studies on “polyphenol oxidative stress exercise” with 76 subjects. The results showed IL-6 (SMD -0.58, 95% CI -0.88 to -0.29, P < 0.01) and MDA (SMD -1.34, 95% CI -1.86 to -0.82, P < 0.01) levels were significantly lowered with polyphenols supplementation after acute exercise. However, polyphenols supplementation did not affect CRP (SMD -0.12, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.19, P = 0.60), IL-8 (SMD -0.12, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.13, P = 0.31) and TNF-α (SMD 0.15, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.50, P = 0.44) levels after acute exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Polyphenols supplementation could reduce inflammatory marker IL-6 and oxidative stress marker MDA induced by acute exercise.