Maritime Tradition Research Articles

Rambangan and Lelebusayan as a Local Maritime Tradition Embraced by the Artisanal Fishing Community in Sapeken Sub-district, District of Sumenep, Indonesia

The artisanal fishing community in the Saseel and Tanjungkiaok villages in the Sapeken sub-district lives by the marine resources in the maritime area of the Sapeken sub-district. They are engaged in fishing activities through the extraction of fishery resources and seaweed cultivation. Owing to insufficient resources, the fishermen have agreed to utilize resources sparingly for the continuous supply of resources and sustainability of the lives of the fishermen. An effort to maintain the sustainability of the resources is through agreeing to use traditional extraction equipment such as fishing rods and agreeing on the pattern of resource extraction, which is based on the principle of kinship and togetherness. However, social sanction is sometimes applied to fishermen who conduct activities through extraction mechanisms beyond that which are collectively agreed upon; for example, a ban on the extraction within a certain time in the common maritime spaces. Consequently, the conception of Rambangan and Lelebusayan has subsequently emerged and has been developed by the artisanal fishermen communities in Saseel and Tanjungkiaok as a local maritime tradition. This is used as the main life reference for the artisanal fishermen community. Rambangan is a maritime tradition that obliges artisanal fishermen within the community to behave socially, whereas Lelebusayan is a maritime tradition that obliges the artisanal fishermen community to behave spiritually in their utilization of resources.

Liquid Motion: Reimaging Maritime History through an African Lens

“Liquid Motion” examines how African women and men perceived, understood, and interacted with oceans and rivers through swimming, underwater diving, surfing, canoe-making, and canoeing. Africans inspire us to rethink assumptions about maritime history, by considering maritime traditions absent in the Western lexicon, like harnessing wave energy to transport goods through the surf or swimming into the depths to salvage goods from shipwrecks or harvest pearl oysters. Enslaved Africans carried these traditions to the Americas, where they used them to benefit their exploited lives and enslavers exploited them to generate wealth.

The Legal Dimension of the Formation and Function of the Hellenic Supremes Councils for Marine Accidents

Shipping is perhaps the largest industry globally, transporting more than 90% of the world's trade efficiently and safely. Ships, given their activity on a global scale, are subject to different legal regimes. However, marine accidents with adverse consequences for the environment and people still occur. Hellas, as a country with a strong maritime tradition and with one of the largest shipping companies in the world since the 70s, has established a special legislative framework for the investigation of marine accidents with the Act Decree (A.D.) 712/1970 (A΄ 237). This special legislative process will be critically examined in this brief study.

Renewable Marine Energies in Galicia: Potential and Monitoring Tools

The energy debate is characterized by the consideration of a great variety of arguments. However, nowadays, a certain consensus is reached when demanding the necessary coexistence of different generation sources in the energy mix, in order to guarantee the supply, hold the costs or reduce the CO2 emissions. Considering this framework, the use of renewable energies seems to be obvious: they are abundant, domestic and their contribution to the fight against the climate change is unquestionable. The ocean, covers a 75 % of the earth’s surface, represents a huge reserve of solar and gravitational energy, still to be exploited, estimated in a minimum value of 25.000 GW. The waves, tides and winds of the seas that border the north coast of the Iberian Peninsula are rough and offer a huge kinetic energy potential. Furthermore, Galicia benefits from its consolidated shipbuilding and maritime tradition and port infrastructures, its experience in the onshore wind energy sector, as well as from the available industrial resources and technologies. By analysing previous reports, the present paper aims to identify the Galicia potential for the use of renewable marine energies, specifically coming from waves, tidal streams and offshore winds, and provide monitoring tools for the surveillance of critical elements, as well as for R&D funding sources.

A Study of the Russian Translation and Outreach Paths of the Maritime Cultural Terms in Zhufanzhi under the Perspective of Corpus Translation

Chinese civilization is rich in maritime consciousness and has a long maritime tradition. As a book containing maritime culture, the study of Russian translations of maritime cultural terms in the Zhufanzhi helps to disseminate maritime culture to the outside world and to show the uniqueness of China’s maritime culture. This paper uses a corpus approach to classify and analyse in detail the translation methods used for the maritime cultural terms in the book. It is found that the translators mostly used direct translation, phonetic translation and annotation method for the Russian translation of marine culture terms in Zhufanzhi. By analysing the translation results and combining the background of the times and communication theories, four reasonable and feasible translation paths for foreign propaganda are proposed.

Development of Indonesian Maritime Sovereignty Culture Through Indonesian Maritime Policy with Indonesian Maritime Defense Strategy

In the past, Indonesia wielded a significant influence over the Southeast Asia region and beyond, particularly through the Srivijaya Kingdom and later Majapahit's maritime prowess. Indonesia's natural affinity for maritime culture predates its very conception and is evident in the vast territorial waters surrounding almost all of its provinces. This unique geographical aspect makes Indonesia an archipelagic state with a maritime tradition. To support Indonesia's maritime defense, it is crucial to promote the prosperity of its maritime affairs. The country's national defense strategy takes into account its archipelagic nature. Maritime culture is a key aspect of the five pillars that drive Indonesia towards becoming a World Maritime Fulcrum. This policy point recognizes that a robust maritime culture is fundamental to the formation of Indonesia's maritime defense. Strong maritime culture begets a robust maritime defense, highlighting the interdependence of these two critical components. Keywords: maritime culture, maritime defense, maritime power, world maritime fulcrum

‘For King and Empire’: The Changing Political, Economic, and Cultural Identities of Kru Mariners in Atlantic Africa, 1460–1945

AbstractThis article traces histories of the Kru in West Africa from the fifteenth to nineteenth centuries, arguing that divergent identities of fifteenth- to eighteenth-century Kru canoers became unified when that unified identity was necessary for maintaining political, economic, and cultural autonomy during and after the slave trade. In conjunction with earlier multilingual work on the Kru mariners of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this article seeks to place the narrative of Kru identity and labor in a larger context of maritime history across the region at large. This article argues that the Kru relied on longstanding maritime traditions from localized groups to capitalize on the need for work and cash in a capitalist economy driven by growing European imperialism. The historical narrative of Kru maritime power shows how local and global identities in Atlantic Africa shifted in response to exploitation, blurring the lines between response and resistance.

Indonesia-India Maritime Cooperation: Implications on Indonesia's Maritime Security from a Cultural Perspective

Indonesia and India have been enjoying a long-standing relationship, rooted in cultural, historical, and economic ties. In recent years, the two nations have increasingly cooperated in the maritime sector, recognizing the potential of their vast coastlines and maritime resources. This paper examines the implications of Indonesia-India maritime cooperation on Indonesia's maritime security from a cultural dimension. The study adopts a qualitative approach, analyzing existing literature, reports, and policy documents to provide an in-depth understanding of the cultural dimensions of Indonesia-India maritime cooperation. The research highlights the shared cultural heritage of the two nations, including their maritime traditions, customs, and practices, which have enabled them to build trust and cooperation in the maritime domain. The paper explores the impact of Indonesia-India maritime cooperation on Indonesia's maritime security, examining the challenges and opportunities that arise from such cooperation. The study argues that cultural factors, such as shared values, beliefs, and norms, have played a crucial role in facilitating cooperation between the two nations, resulting in a positive impact on Indonesia's maritime security. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for strengthening Indonesia-India maritime cooperation from a cultural perspective, emphasizing the need to recognize and leverage the cultural dimensions of this cooperation to enhance maritime security in the region.

Mentoring Seafarers for Understanding Maritime Risks and Safety Culture on Board

For seafaring personnel, who are at the beginning of their maritime career on board ships, maritime companies provide informal guidance, which is part of the maritime tradition, within practical training courses/cadetship courses. Starting from the existing realities in the structure of seafaring personnel in the merchant marine, this paper presents the particularities of mentoring for a career in the maritime field. Among the aspects identified and highlighted in the mentoring process, the research focuses on the process of understanding maritime risks and the importance of safety culture on board ships, both by cadets and junior officers, who are at the beginning of their careers at sea. The investigation is based on a survey conducted on a significant number of subjects between 2018-2023. The developed research methodology was used to underlie the items in the questionnaires, on the basis of which the survey was carried out. The questionnaires were established by the data triangulation method and by consulting maritime stakeholders. Considering both the common aspects, specific to life at sea, but also the particular elements, which relate to the responsibilities on board the ship, the proposals received from all departments on board the ship were centralized. The questionnaires were developed based on the contributions received from: representatives of companies in the maritime industry, seafaring personnel at managerial and operational level (from the deck, engine and electrical departments), responsible in the field of risk and safety in the maritime industry, cadets and junior officers, at the beginning of their career at sea. The results of the survey were centralized, analyzed and interpreted to establish the level of understanding and perception of maritime risk and safety issues. The resulting conclusions can be used by the interested factors for the development and consolidation of appropriate, adapted and customized projects in the field of maritime safety and risk management on board ships, dedicated to cadets/ junior officers.

Značaj fonda Pomorske biblioteke u naučnoistraživačkom i edukativnom procesu

Libraries are repositories of knowledge, and they were created long before the creation of the book itself. First libraries were established long time ago in the Babylonian Empire and ancient Egypt. In the modern world dominated by Internet and modern technologies, libraries have lost their status as the “only” repository of information, even though they represent a cultural, educational and learning centre. In this paper readers will have the opportunity to become more familiar with the Maritime Library in Kotor. We will try to describe the need for having a university library in Kotor, a city with a long maritime tradition. Special attention will be paid to the formation and evaluation of the library fund, as well as library services that have been improved and modernized over time, all in order to respond to the modern demands of users. The Maritime Library, as a support to scientific research and educational process at the Faculty of Maritime Studies Kotor, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, and Institute of Marine Biology, well equipped and offering a multidisciplinary library fund, fully corresponds to the requirements of a modern librarianship.

‘Riding the wave’: the development of marinas around the world and the founding of the marina in Tel Aviv, Israel

ABSTRACT The first marina in Israel was founded in 1973 in Tel Aviv. The accelerated development of sailing in the West after World War II and the economic prosperity that followed demanded the construction of designated marinas, which began to appear in the West in the 1960s and in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea in the 1970s. Similarly to Greece and Turkey, the marina in Tel Aviv was built in the framework of massive investment in touristic infrastructure, which in the Israeli case began after the War of 1967. Unlike other European countries, Israel did not have a maritime tradition and culture. These were initiated by the Zionist Movement, starting in the 1930s, as part of the national struggle for independence. Only in the late 1960s did the Israeli middle class take on this field; however, the geographical conditions of the open Israeli coast constricted this development. The marina was meant to encourage maritime tourism while taking advantage of the development of sailing in the Mediterranean. It made sailing accessible to Israelis and initiated a process where additional marinas would be built and tens of thousands of Israelis would participate in sailing in the following years.

“Our Island Fortress” and the Sea: The threat of a cross-Channel Nazi invasion and the maritime traditions that helped save Britain, 1940–1941

Britain’s wartime ‘Island Fortress’ propaganda campaign of 1940-1941 projected the language and imagery of a united British people ready to defend their island nation against the threat of a cross-Channel Nazi invasion. Embedded in this patriotic, belligerent, propaganda construct was the insularity and protracted position of ‘Deep England’ that celebrated the rolling hills and British countryside and inspired resistance against advancing Nazi forces. This study shows that the ‘Island Fortress’ propaganda campaign was equally grounded in the language and imagery of Britain’s relationship with the sea, and its long-standing maritime traditions and institutions that commanded its power. However, it does not assume that one or other forces had a particular effect; rather it examines how these factors show a cumulative picture.

Menulusuri Aspek Maritim Sungai Musi Untuk Pembelajaran Sejarah Lokal

The Musi River has an important role in historical periodization in Palembang, especially during the Srivijaya period. However, the role of the Musi river has not been conveyed so often in the concept of learning local history and its relation to maritime affairs. Based on these conditions, this study aims to examine the maritime aspects of the Musi River as a means of learning local history. The method used is a qualitative method using a historical approach. The role of the Musi river in Indonesian maritime needs to be developed for learning local history. This is very important because Sriwijaya's maritime glory was also influenced by the Musi river. This role can be explained through maritime aspects, namely trade, shipping, shipping, maritime traditions, sea mythology, piracy, fisheries, law of the sea. Based on exploring these maritime aspects, the material on the Musi river becomes broader and contextual to be applied in learning local history based on the basic competencies of the curriculum.

Between Maritime Tradition and Violence on the Sea: Local Response to the European Expansion in Indonesia

Between Maritime Tradition and Violence on the Sea: Local Response to the European Expansion in Indonesia

Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishermen Communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia

This research aims to document and analyze the maritime cultural heritage held by the fishing communities in the Kepulauan Sangkarrang district, Makassar city. Maritime cultural heritage encompasses various aspects, such as traditional knowledge of navigation, fishing techniques, traditional tools, and religious practices related to maritime activities. The research methods include field surveys, in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis. The collected data will be qualitatively analyzed to identify cultural patterns associated with the maritime life of the fishing communities. This research aims to uncover the maritime cultural heritage of the fishing communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia. The main results include a profound understanding of local maritime traditions and their history, as well as an increased historical awareness among the local community. The primary conclusion is that the preservation of maritime culture can support sustainable tourism development and community empowerment. This research has the potential to make a significant contribution in the context of science and maritime cultural preservation.

A Web Gamification Platform Inspired by the Maritime Tradition Museum in Perama, Greece, for Students in the Sector of Maritime Professions in Vocational Education and Training

Technical education mainly focuses on practical training and skills-based learning and pays less attention to the theoretical background of its graduates. The officially instituted curriculum of Greek Vocational High Schools includes a wide range of Specialties among which is the Sector of Maritime Professions. In our proposal, we aim to introduce a new approach to Vocational Education and Training, specifically in the Maritime Professions Sector, by implementing gamification combined with museum education practices and new technologies to create a game about ancient seamanship. The game is an educational structure that includes a virtual space, created in Artsteps, a platform for creating virtual reality exhibitions, and a quiz that by presenting hypothetical scenarios will make students compare the use and function of ancient and modern marine tools thus learning more about maritime history while enjoying themselves. The main goal of our proposal is the development of a strong overall learning experience through gaming that will also broaden students’ knowledge of the history of their future profession and deepen their understanding of its significance and evolution throughout the years. This game was played and evaluated positively during the 2021–2022 school year by 120 Vocational High School students.

The ancient inhabitants of the Chonos Archipelago (~43°–47°S): Characterization of maritime hunter‐gatherers from Western Patagonia using mitochondrial DNA

AbstractBackgroundWithin the southern end of South America, Western Patagonia arises as an intricate region of channels, fjords, and islands. This region holds evidence of human occupation since ca. 14,500 cal years BP, with distinctive maritime adaptations developing around 7300 cal years BP. Historically, three major populations were characterized as part of these maritime traditions: Yámana, Kawésqar, and Chono. The arrival of European population had a profound impact in these communities, affecting their lifestyles, territory and population size and health. The northernmost populations, living within the Chonos Archipelago, were the most affected and the least known communities from Western Patagonia.ObjectivesThis research aims to characterize the mitochondrial DNA diversity of ancient individuals from the Chonos Archipelago, evaluating their genetic affinities with other ancient and present‐day populations from Patagonia.Materials and MethodsA total of 46 individuals from the region were sampled for ancient DNA analysis. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups were characterized and compared with ancient and present‐day populations from Southern South America.ResultsAll individuals from the Chonos Archipelago belong to C and D haplogroups, particularly to C1b, C1b13, D1, D1g, and D4h3a5. As a group, the individuals from Chonos Archipelago lay closer to ancient individuals from Kawésqar territory, immediately south of them. Using mitogenomes, we characterized two new D4h3a5 lineages almost exclusively associated with populations from Western Patagonia.DiscussionOur results contribute to the understanding of the peopling and human interactions in Western Patagonia, suggesting these unique maritime traditions developed within local populations, genetically associated with earlier terrestrial populations.

Coastal environments and long-term human practices in Corfu: a seascape perspective

Seascapes, both as specific ecosystems and as cultural manifestations formed through human action, are important in shaping economic and social rela­tions and entail a range of experiences and meanings for human societies. Several studies in recent decades have underlined the importance of island environments and seascapes. The factors that shape the dynamic relationship with the sea and form its cultural expression, as well as the resources and activities related to it and the way they are perceived and change over time are important parameters in approaching seascapes. The investigation of the coastal environment of Corfu through a diachronic perspective using a variety of sources, such as archaeological remains, ethnographic evidence and archival material, was developed in the framework of the Fish&CHIPS project. The project aimed to link the historical and archaeological research of the coastal environment as a special ecosystem and part of the cultural heritage, at the regional level, with the current fishing communities of Corfu and Taranto in Apulia. It also aimed to highlight the interconnection of human societies, from ancient times to the present, with the sea and its resources, focusing on fishing and maritime traditions, and at a second level to contribute to the creation of sustainable development prospects for the local fishing communities through the diversification of their economic activities. The present paper focuses on key aspects of the marine and coastal environment of Corfu and the way it was transformed over time. The starting point is the strategic location of Corfu in the seascape of the Ionian and Adriatic Seas and the coastal ecosystems that form part of the island’s landscape (coastal and inland villages related to the sea, wetlands and lagoons, estuaries, salt flats). They are considered primarily in economic terms, examining resources and practices of exploitation of these environments in different periods and, also, influences on patterns of habitation and landscape use. The Community Map of Southern Corfu was developed on the basis of research into these environments in both spatial and temporal aspects and in cooperation with the present-day local communities (Figure 1). The aim was to increase the value of the coastal and marine environments as part of the cultural heritage of the region and create a network of walking cultural routes that link these specific environments and their communities and form the core of the ‘Petritis and South Corfu Ecomuseum’. The ecomuseum approach moves beyond the closed walls of conventional museums and its basic principles can be summarised as follows: a) the importance of the wider geographical region and its perception by the local communities through the experiences and traditions that shape the collective memory and identity of an area, b) the promotion and on-site preservation of elements of the material and intangible heritage resources of the place, c) the active participation of the local community and d) a direction towards sustainability and regeneration, with a parallel connection with primary production (crafts, arts and crafts, ecotourism facilities, cultural tourism).

Silent memorylands: City branding and the coloniality of cultural memory in the Hamburg HafenCity

This article illustrates the predicaments of self-acclaimed global cities that come under pressure to decolonise heritage practices. Examining the politics of public memory in post-imperial Hamburg through the inner-city redevelopment project Hamburg HafenCity, it shows how commemorative landscapes are co-produced by market rationalities. Through document analysis and interviews with city planners, artists and campaigners, the article explores urban toponymies and heritage sites as relational and contested configurations of post-colonial memory and culture. It finds that the HafenCity’s colonial heritage premediates the area’s contemporary symbolic programme which celebrates European expansion, cosmopolitanism and Hamburg’s maritime tradition. The article engages with the multiple modes of encounter and performative responses that (neo-)colonial memory landscapes elicit. It redraws the affective geographies of (un-)belonging in a post-imperial city and charts decolonial propositions of civil society actors.

Between tough voyages and empowering tourism: Can Muslim Bugis seafarers tackle the maritime-sector crises in Indonesia?

This paper explores the shift in commercial sailing by the Muslim coastal community of the ethnic Bugis—from their past focus on inter-island and international commerce to maritime tourism that is limited to the Eastern Indonesian region for domestic and foreign tourists. Using historical and phenomenological approaches, this paper explains a series of arduous crises to show the dignity and prosperity of the great maritime tradition among commercial seafarers, who, during the Islamic empire from the 15th to 17th century, experienced glory for being able to control and manage maritime commerce. Ever since the presence and success of the Europeans, especially the Dutch, in controlling Nusantara (the Indonesian archipelago), the glory of Muslim seafarers’ trade voyages has dwindled and narrowed, both in terms of the number of ships, types, and tonnage of cargo, as well as their cruising range. Although the Indonesian government has not systematically and comprehensively formulated policies to restore the glory in the maritime sector so far, tourism development policies have been welcomed by the Muslim Bugis seafarers as a new opportunity to empower the family economy.