Marital Disharmony Research Articles

Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Outcome of Acute Poisoning Patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit in A Tertiary Level Private Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Acute poisoning is a prevalent health issue necessitating Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission in developing countries. This study evaluates the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, and outcomes of acute poisoning patients admitted to the ICU in a tertiary level private hospital in Bangladesh. Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at tertiary care private hospital in Narayanganj, Bangladesh. Data was collected from ICU medical records from January 2023 to April 2024, enrolling a total of 57 patients aged 18 years or more who presented with acute poisoning. Data analysis was performed using Stata (Statistical Software for Data Science) 17.0(p < 0.05) Results: Out of 57 patients, 52.63% were females, with mean age of 27.84 years. Suicidal intent accounted for 84.21% of cases, and the primary reasons for poisoning included marital (61.40%) and familial disharmony (15.79%). The predominant type of poisoning was due to sedatives (17.54%) followed by aluminium phosphide (14.04%), and stupefying agents (14.04%). Aluminium phosphide poisoning had a 100% fatality rate, while sedatives and several other agents had 100% recovery rate. Statistical analysis showed a significant association between the type of poison and the final outcome (χ2(15) = 38.7996, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study highlights the prevalence of intentional poisoning among young adults, especially females, with sedatives, aluminium phosphide, and stupefying agents being the most common. The high mortality rate from aluminium phosphide underscores the need for strict regulations and public awareness to control access to these substances. Bangladesh Crit Care J September 2024; 12 (2): 89-95

Factors Associated with Sexual Intercourse Frequency Among South African Women: Evidence from a National Cross-sectional Survey

Background: Engaging in regular healthy sexual intercourse activities is good for human health and well-being. Greater sexual intercourse frequency (SIF) for people in relationships is often associated with well-being, greater relationship satisfaction, reduced mortality, increased life expectancy, positive emotions and happiness, while lack of sexual activity is usually associated with depression and marital disharmony. Aim: The primary purpose of this study is to identify the factors associated with SIF among women in South Africa. Data and Methods: The South African Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data were used, and the negative binomial regression model (NBRM) was employed for analysis. Results: Age was significantly associated with high SIF (IRR = 1.02; p < .001). African women had significantly higher SIF than Indian/Asian women (IRR = 1.28; p = .049). Married women had a significantly higher SIF than women who were never married (IRR = 1.42; p < .001). Women who resided in urban areas were significantly associated with higher SIF than women who resided in rural areas (IRR = 1.14; p < .001). Conclusion: Being young, being Indian/Asian, being unmarried, and residing in rural areas is associated with low SIF, whereas being older, being African, being married, and staying in urban areas is associated with high SIF. Generally, without violating cultural, religious and societal beliefs, married women should be taught about the benefits of sexual intercourse activity (SIA) and be encouraged not to be ashamed of entering into sexual intercourse activities.

Kawin Paksa Sebagai Pertimbangan Cerai Gugat Menurut Hukum Islam dan UU. No. 1 Tahun 1974 (Studi Putusan No. 2821/Pdt.G/2020/PA.BL)

Arranged marriages carried out by parents or forced marriages will at least influence several possibilities that occur in domestic life which will later trigger separation between the two. In the case of the Blitar PA Decision Number 2821/Pdt.G/2020/PA.BL dated 23 September 2020 between Balqis Maulud Diana as the plaintiff and Fatih Diyaul Falah as the defendant, researchers found a divorce case which was initially based on arranged marriage. This research will discuss review of Islamic law and UU. No. 1 of 1974 in Blitar PA Decision Number 2821/Pdt.G/2020/PA.BL dated 23 September 2020. This research uses a normative legal approach, also known as doctrinal law, where the law is viewed in written form (law in book), court decisions, and norms that live in society. The data collection method involves literature study of various primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, such as laws, official treatises, legal journals and expert views. Data analysis was carried out using a prescriptive approach, where the research results will be used to provide an assessment or prescription of the legal facts studied, using a review of Islamic law and Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. The results of the illegal birth show that coercion in marriage, both for the child of a prostitute and a widow, is prohibited in Islamic law. A marriage contract that takes place without the exception of the child is illegitimate and the child has the right to apply for an annulment (faskh). In the case of Balqils Maulud Dilana and Fatilh Dilyaul Falah, the divorce occurred because of coercion by Fatilh's parents regarding their legal proceedings. In the Bliltar PA Decision Number 2821/Pdt.G/2020/PA.BL, it was seen that the divorce between husband and wife occurred because of the coercion of marriage between the two parents to divorce and ultimately led to marital disharmony. The judge granted the petitioner's divorce lawsuit based on Article 116 letter (f) of the Compilation of Islamic Law, because there was no hope of living in harmony again in their married household. Even though the judge tried to reconcile the two of them, it was to no avail. Keyword: Islamic law, forced marriage, divorce

Dual Jeopardy: Managing Vaginismus in a Female Having a Partner Suffering from Psychotic Disorder

Vaginismus is a complex condition to manage, and in the presence of a partner, management becomes more complex as it involves the engagement of both partners. Besides addressing vaginismus, the management may involve addressing additional issues such as marital disharmony, situational erectile dysfunction in the partner, infertility, mental morbidity, and other associated psychosocial problems. There is a lack of data on the management of vaginismus in a woman with a partner with a psychotic disorder. In this report, we describe a couple in which the female partner had vaginismus that led to a lack of consummation of marriage for six years, and the male partner had schizophrenia. We discuss the challenges faced in the successful management of vaginismus by using an eclectic approach.

A Retrospective Study to Assess the Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Acute Poisoning Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Acute poisoning is one of the most common medical conditions which requires emergency management. This study was aimed to generate the clinico-epidemiological profile of acute poisoned patients admitted to the emergency department in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective research study was conducted in between June 2018 and September 2019. All acute poisoned patients admitted in KH hospital Manipal were included in the study. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The obtained results were stated as frequency, percentage, and Chi-square analysis. Results: Among 324 poisoned patients, 47.5% were organophosphate poisoning, with 48.9% belonging to the age group of 19–35 years. Apparently, 59.2% were male patients. The most common route of poisoning seen is 96.60% ingestion. Suicidal poisoning was noted in majority of the patients 92.90%. A large number of poisoned patients, 61.11%, were conscious while reporting to emergency department. The main reason for poisoning was marital disharmony 54.32%, and 14.5% patients were put on ventilator life support during treatment. Recovered and discharged from the hospital was seen in 76.54% of patients and death witnessed in 12.34% of poisoned patients. The patient outcome was found to be significantly associated with type of poisoning (P < 0.001) and motive of poison consumption (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study has succeeded to contribute added evidence concerning the clinico-epidemiological profile and consequence of acute poisoning patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Increased treatment expenses and admission in intensive care make burden to the family.

Acquired Gynatresia following Vaginal Herbs Pessary, A Rare Occurrence: A Case Report

Abstract Gynatresia is a condition that occurs as a result of stenosis or complete occlusion of the vaginal lumen, it can be congenital or acquired. The congenital gynatresia may occur as a syndrome, while the acquired causes may occur from female genital mutilation, obstructed labor, or use of herbal pessary, etc., It is a cause of dyspareunia or apareunia and this may cause marital disharmony. The rationale behind this case report is to enable women to know the negative consequences of such practices to avoid them. The patient was a 28-year-old married P4+0 A4, whose last childbirth was six months before presentation, she had acquired gynatresia following the insertion of an herbal vaginal pessary. She was assessed, admitted, and operated on. A combined abdomino-vaginal approach was used for adhesiolysis. Acquired gynatresia may occur following vaginal insertion of herbs containing corrosive substances which may cause chemical burns, resulting in healing by fibrosis. Appropriate health education may go a long way in reducing this menace.

Migraine among women with endometriosis: a hospital-based case-control study in Bangladesh

BackgroundEndometriosis is a disease among women of reproductive age, which causes several health problems like dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia and subfertility. It also increases psychological stress and often results in marital disharmony. Similarly, migraine is more frequent among this group of women. Several studies have shown an association between endometriosis and migraine among groups of population completely different from Bangladesh. ObjectiveThe present study was conducted to identify the association between endometriosis and migraine among Bangladeshi population. Study DesignThis non-randomized case-control study was performed with cases of endometriosis and controls without endometriosis who were confirmed by laparoscopy or laparotomy. Among the study participants, we identified as cases of migraine in one group of respondents who were already diagnosed as patients of migraine and the others with complaints of headache were further confirmed by a medicine specialist. Patients were recruited from the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital & Ibrahim Medical College. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of BIRDEM. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the association between endometriosis and migraine using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. ResultsIn our study, out of the 1496 patients who underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy during the study period, the frequency of endometriosis was found to be 12.7%. We enrolled 190 confirmed endometriosis cases and an equal number of controls without endometriosis, maintaining the age distribution of the controls similar to that of the cases. The distribution of age, BMI, education and marital status of the patients with endometriosis were similar to that of controls. The average ages of respondents were 30.6 years in both the case and control groups. Regarding occupation, cases included more students than in controls (12% vs 0%). The odds of suffering from dysmenorrhoea and dyspareunia among the cases were 3.3 (P value <0.001, 95% CI: 2.66-4.15) and 9.5 (P value <0.001, 95% CI: 5.3-17.9) times higher than that of controls respectively. In addition, the odds of menstrual irregularity was 60% lower among the cases compared to that of controls (OR = 0.4, P value <0.001 95% CI: 0.24-0.64). No significant difference was observed in having primary subfertility and secondary subfertility among the two groups of respondents. Univariate regression analysis showed patients with endometriosis have 6.13 times higher odds (P value <0.001, 95% CI: 2.5-18.4) of having migraine, 2-time higher odds for headache (P value = 0.01, 95% CI: 1.2-3.2) compared to control patients. Further, the age and BMI-adjusted multivariate model showed subjects with endometriosis have 5.4 times higher odds of having migraine compared to non-endometriosis patients (P value <0.001, 95% CI: 2.11-16.4). Also, the higher the age of reproductive age of women, the more the odds of having migraine. For one year increase in age increases the odds of having migraine by 23% (OR = 1.23. 95% CI: 1.13-1.16, p-value = <0.001). ConclusionThe study results support the association between endometriosis and migraine among the Bangladeshi population, which is similar to relevant studies conducted in other geographical locations. The groups of physicians who treat patients suffering from the two diseases, endometriosis and migraine, should keep this interrelationship in mind to ensure a better quality of a patient's life.

Psychosocial Burden and Coping Abilities of Caregivers of Children with Sickle Cell Disease Attending Government-Owned Tertiary Health Care Facilities in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria

Objective: Sickle cell disease is a chronic inherited haematological disorder affecting predominantly people of African, Arab and Indiana ancestries with the highest reported burden of 150,000 children in Nigeria. The chronicity and physical and psychosocial complications of the disease pose a significant psychosocial burden on children and their caregivers. This study assessed the psychosocial burden and coping abilities of primary caregivers of children with sickle cell disease. Method: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in two public tertiary health institutions in Ogun State. Semi-structured interview-based validated questionnaires were administered to assess their psychosocial and health burden. The coping ability of the caregivers was determined. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were used for data analysis. Results: Two hundred and twenty-four primary caregivers were interviewed. The moderate to severe psychosocial burden was 34.4%. Some (21.4%) found it difficult to cope with the care of the children and 12.1% believed it had a severe impact on their health. Major factors reported were frequent hospitalization, emergencies, school absenteeism, crisis and hospital bills. Caring for these children caused a general atmosphere of tension and marital disharmony in 17.4% and 17.9% of the respondents, respectively. The stress level was higher among female caregivers, low socio-economic class, single parenthood and older caregivers. Female child, age and severity of illness had a significant impact on the burden and coping levels. Conclusion: The caregivers experienced some psychosocial burden and difficulty in coping. Frequent hospitalization and the high cost of health care placed significant strain on them.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (As-Sulh) as a Principle of Islamic Legal System on Marriage Conflicts Among Muslim Ummah

This paper seeks to analyze the application of ADR (As-Sulh) as a principle of the Islamic legal system on marriage disputes among Muslim Ummah and the role of Tafarkin Tsira Islamic Centre Azare Bauchi State Nigeria. The paper will examine the principle of As-Sulh for dispute resolution among Muslim Ummah and its applicability in settling marriage disputes in the study area. This study employed qualitative research methods, and the data were gathered through the review of the related literature and interviews with pertinent bodies. The findings revealed that marital conflict among Muslim Ummah is becoming rampant and tends to increase annually. This study also identified that Tafarkin Tsira Islamic Centre Azare, under its Matrimonial Life Training and Counseling section, maintained the principle of ADR (As-Sulh) as a reliable alternative and instrument for the resolution of many marital conflicts among Muslim Ummah in the study area through organizing a strong orientation program for intending and married couples on successful marriages, the consequences of marital disharmony, and how to resolve the issues. It is recommended that ADR, if properly maintained and its technicalities applied, several marriages would be saved, peace would be restored, and collective effort to build successful families would be actualized across the communities.

CLINICAL PROFILE OF FUNCTIONAL CONSTIPATION IN CHILDREN

Introduction:Constipation causes physical, psychological morbidity and poor quality of life Data from developed countries shows that prevalence of childhood constipation in general population ranges from 0.7-29.6%. Various studies have showed pain of passing hard stools in infancy and early childhood is the principal contributing factor for acute childhood constipation, leading to constipation and soiling in adulthood. Because of lack of awareness regarding common occurrence of childhood constipation and its proper management, it is often underdiagnosed and sub optimally managed. Hence, this study was conducted to study the frequency of constipation and risk factors in children attending tertiary care hospital in rural Bangalore. Materials and methods: A total of 50 children attending pediatric OPD with constipation were surveyed at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore. Children who fulfilled the ROME III criteria for constipation were analyzed for demographic profile, socio-economic status, psychosocial aspects and dietary habits affecting bowel pattern. Data was collected and recorded from the parents in pre-fixed proforma which also included Stool frequency and type of stool passed . Results: A total of 50 children fulfilled the ROME III criteria for functional constipation. The constipation in children had male preponderance and majority were aged 2-4 years. Majority of constipated children (62%, n=31) had retention behavior in the form of abnormal posturing. In children with constipation, the average number of stools passed in a week is 2.05. Conclusions: Constipation is an iceberg disorder. Skipping breakfast, early toilet practicing, low intake of vegetables and fruits , marital disharmony, sibling rivalry ,temper tantrums , school phobia , aversion to use school toilet were factors leading to constipation.

Analysis of risk factors of postpartum depression

With the continuous progress of science and technology, people's survival needs are growing, and the pressure is also growing. These pressures are also a huge threat to the mothers who have just given birth. Postpartum depression is a common non obstetric complication, which not only affects the physical and mental health of pregnant women, but also affects the relationship between mother and baby and the healthy growth of infants, and may even affect the whole family, such as marital disharmony. The occurrence of postpartum depression is the result of multiple factors. The neuroendocrine disorder caused by hormone changes is the pathological basis of the occurrence of postpartum depression. The postpartum depression is also mainly related to the psychological changes caused by pregnancy and childbirth. At the same time, social factors or social support are also risk factors of the disease. Early identification of high-risk factors, targeted management and intervention are carried out in each stage before, during and after childbirth, in order to better prevent and cure the disease.

Can Gartner’s Duct Cyst Trigger Marital Disharmony? A Case Report

Gartner’s duct cyst (GDC) is a remnant of the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct in females. The GDC is formed from the persistence of some portions of the mesonephric duct in adult females resulting in small-sized cysts usually in the anterolateral vaginal wall but could be found elsewhere along the tract of the duct. The case of a 33-year-old para 5+1 (three alive) woman who had GDC is reported. The patient presented with incidental findings of a vaginal mass during gynecological evaluation and subsequently had dyspareunia. A provisional diagnosis of GDC was made and this was confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound. The patient had transvaginal excision of the cyst and histological confirmation of a benign cystic lesion with the diagnosis of GDC. GDC is a rare entity and clinical examination revealing a cystic vaginal wall mass with or without symptoms should raise a high suspicion of this condition.

A SOCIOPSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY ON SUICIDAL DEATHS

A well-known denition of suicide was stated by Shneidman in 1976 –“human act of self-inicted, self-intentional cessation of life”. The primary aim of the study is to analyse socio- psychological causes, factors and methods frequently adopted in suicidal deaths and ways of dealing with it. Psychological evaluation reveals detailed picture of mental degradation and associated suicidal risk factors. Suicide is outcome of an individual who cannot correlate the existing reality with expectations. Pattern adopted for suicide varies from person to person and place to place. Hence a cross sectional study was done on 278 dead bodies sent for autopsy and it was found that 21-30 years age group more prone and poisoning was thecommonly adopted method of suicide. In relation to motive for suicida deaths, maximum number of suicidal problems, in which marital disharmony constitutes a major cause of death.

Effect of nursing interventions like meditation, progressive muscle relaxant exercises, and counselling on lifestyle and diet modification on marital relationship among women undergoing infertility treatment: randomized controlled trial: a pilot study

Background: Infertility has an impact on marital pleasure. Couples who are unhappy in their relationship are also more likely to have various negative psychological, social and physical health issues. Nurses can play a significant role in the management of infertility and its consequences. The recent study aimed to evaluate the effect of nursing interventions on marital relationship among women undergoing infertility treatment. Methods: By using a systematic sampling technique, 60 infertile women with marital disharmony (30 experimental and 30 control group) were included in the current randomized control trial. After getting their consent relationship assessment scale was used to estimate the marital relationship. The experimental group underwent the nursing intervention (Raja yoga meditation, progressive muscle relaxant exercises, advices on lifestyle and diet modification) for 5 subsequent visits apart from 15 days and the control group underwent standard medical care. Succeeding the intervention after one month’s last intervention, the relationship assessment scale was again applied to both groups. Results: Before the interventions both the groups were homogenous according to mean, SD and chi square values. After applications of dependent t-test, the mean score before and after nursing interventions the mean score was 13.70 SD 3.99 and 18.33 SD 2.89 respectively. The mean difference of marital relationship was 4.633 (t29=10.640, p=0.001). Independent t test was applied which reveals that the mean difference between experimental and control group was 3.867 (t58=4.215, p=0.001) which was statistically highly significant at 0.001 level. Conclusions: After implementing the nursing intervention, the study’s finding showed an improvement in the quality of marital relationship.

Sexual functioning and marital satisfaction among endometriosis patients in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study.

Endometriosis affects the sexual functioning and marital satisfaction of couples in a complex manner due to its clinical presentation of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and marital disharmony among women with endometriosis beyond their diagnosis and treatment. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among women with endometriosis in an endometriosis society at a Malaysian university hospital. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Sexual function was measured using the Malay Version Female Sexual Function Index (MVFSFI), while marital satisfaction was evaluated with the Malay Version Golombok Rust Inventory for Marital Satisfaction (MVGRIMS). A total of 166 patients participated in this survey. The median age was 35 years (Interquartile range, IQR:32.00-39.25 years); 91.6% of participants were Malay. The median score of MVFSFI was 56.00 (IQR: 34.75-68.00). Most of the study subjects (n = 96) reported poor to very severe marital satisfaction problems, equivalent to MVGRIMS transformed score of more than 5. High levels of MVGRIMS scores have a moderately strong negative correlation with lower scores for most domains of the MVFSFI. In the stepwise multiple logistic regression, only MVFSFI total scores (p = 0.029), MVFSFI lubrication scores (p = 0.009), and MVFSFI satisfaction (p = 0.010) scores were significantly associated with poor marital satisfaction. Both sexual dysfunction and marital satisfactions commonly affect women with endometriosis and are closely interlinked. Targeted efforts should be made in multiple aspects to improve the quality of sexual functioning and marital satisfaction among endometriosis patients.

Impacts of Perinatal Death on Women and Families: A Qualitative Systematic Review

Perinatal death is the death of unborn or newborn children that is perceived as the death of a non-person which affects not only women but also the whole family and may have a long-lasting negative impact on the living child. This review aimed to outline current evidence concerning focus on the impacts of perinatal death on women and families. A systematic review of literature focused on women and families facing perinatal death was undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. The search was limited to published studies from January 2012 to December 2021, and the relevant databases utilized to conduct the systematic search included CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Over 1,000 titles were initially identified, which yielded 11 studies for evaluation and synthesis. Data extraction was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute data-extraction tool. Thematic synthesis was used to synthesize the data. Two core themes were identified: 1) impact on women (being overwhelmed with suffering, losing a sense of self-worth, risks of pathological grief); and 2) impact on families (subsequent pregnancy produces mixed emotions, neglecting a living child, marital disharmony, lacking support from a health professional). In conclusion, further research is needed on the voices of men, existing children, and entire families. In particular, there is a need to develop an effective intervention for entire families experiencing perinatal death by focusing on individuals and different cultures.

Gender disparity and stigma experience of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A prospective cross-sectional study from a hospital in Nigeria.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected persons often suffer stigma. Stigma can come from the society or be self-induced. This study assessed the gender differences and stigma experience of patients with HBV. Prospective cross-sectional design with a qualitative element using a pretested interviewer administered questionnaire and an in-depth oral interview of HBV infected patients. Quantitative data obtained were entered into SPSS version 20 and analyzed using simple descriptive and inferential statistics, while content analysis was used for the qualitative data. Total of 242 respondents answered the quantitative questionnaire. There were 142(58.7%) males and 100 (41.3%) females; age range was 18-72years with mean (SD) of 35.4(10.7) years. Overall stigma rate was 23.1%. Stigma resulted from a positive HBsAg test, and the experience was unaffected by other markers of HBV infection. Stigma was higher in the domain of disease transmission for both single and married respondents and was particularly higher among males than females. Stigma among females affected pre-marital engagements and also caused marital disharmony among married respondents. In-depth oral interview of 23 HBV infected respondents revealed that many exhibited self-stigma, had wrong knowledge of HBV infection modes, complications, and interpretation of HBV internet information which aggravated stigma reactions. Stigma of HBV is high and majorly in the domain of disease transmission. It is higher in males than females. Enlightenment campaign targeting singles and married couples and HBV infection modes is advocated.

Hastening the Marriage Decision for the Pregnant Woman

Choosing a spouse is a very important process in the life of the individual. This choice influences marital harmony or disharmony and for this reason, the decision should be made after a sufficient period of knowing the partner. Moreover, the decision to marry should be the synthesis of concrete experiences that show how the partner reacts in the concrete situations of life, how the partner reacts to the needs of the other, what is the level of participation in the joint actions of the couple and, of course, how they react in situations of stress. But, beyond the "theories", the elections are often the effect of the emotion of the moment, an effect of the immediate need for fusion or an effect of the culture of the reference community. Thus, although the choices seem to be free, they receive influences from the families of origin, from the reference group or from the culture of the community of which an individual is a part. The study aims to investigate the situation of culturally imposed marriages due to the woman's condition of being pregnant before marriage. With cultural imperatives like "get married because you're embarrassing us!" or "get married because there is a risk that the man will leave you!", some of the pregnant women accept the haste of marriage. The study is based on the analysis of official documents, which are divorce files from the period when the Family Code was into force.

A STUDY OF QUALITY OF MARITAL LIFE AMONG SPOUSES OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE SYNDROME

Alcohol dependence syndrome is a very common condition affecting the general population. Alcohol abuse can result in several diseases and can result in signicant phenomena like violence, road trafc accidents, and psychiatric disorders like anxiety, depression, and family disharmony. These problems are much more common in countries like India. In this single stage cross- sectional case control study, the degree of marital disharmony was grossly affected in spouses of patients with alcohol dependence in comparison to those who had spouses without alcohol dependence syndrome. Those in the study group scored higher mean scores in marital quality total score as well as 12 domain mean scores. Statistical analysis in study group showed a higher mean value (170.5) with a SD of 20.3 than the control group whose mean value was 73.4 with a SD of 10.0. Thus the study showed high degree of marital maladjustment in spouses of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.

Forensic Analysis of Suicidal Hanging Cases: Study in a District Hospital

Introduction: Hanging is a very common method of suicide in Bangladesh as well as around the globe. The rate of suicide cases by hanging is increasing daily in Bangladesh. Suicide by hanging means killing oneself intentionally by suspending themselves from an anchor point by a ligature or by jumping from a height with a noose around the neck. As hanging is a simple method that does not require any complicated techniques, and the materials are also easy to come by, many choose this as their suicide method. The objective of this study was to observe the demography of hanging cases, its distribution according to age group, sex, and common ligature materials used by victims, observe post-mortem findings, and in this way, try to identify the causes and develop the preventive measures that are essential to reduce death due to hanging. Methods: This was a retrospective study done on the basis of the 3rd copy of postmortem reports preserved at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Pabna Medical College Hospital, Pabna, Bangladesh from January 2018 to December 2018 for the period of 1 year with proper permission from the autopsy surgeon. Result: 72% of the suicide victims were female, and 53% of those 115 victims were married. Most of the victims were from the age group of 21-30 years. Marital disharmony was the biggest common cause. The commonly used ligature material was Orna (dupatta). Conclusion: The number of deaths by suicide is on a rise, and to reduce this, a well-designed program is needed. This can help identify the causative factors f suicide by hanging and could help in preventing suicide cases.