Marital Age Research Articles

Utilization and its factors of post abortion modern contraceptive in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundProviding post-abortion care service is a widely accepted to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality by promoting, preventing and treating maternal and neonatal health, identifying the utilization and its factor of post abortion contraceptive is crucial. Therefore we tried to review post abortion contraceptive utilization and its factors in Ethiopia.MethodsA review was performed by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A systematic and a comprehensive literature searching mechanism were used without any restriction, through Google scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Grey literature databases for reporting utilization of post abortion family planning. Pilo-tested were performed in random sample studies and a standardized data extraction form was used. All statistical analyses were done using STATA version 14 software for windows, and meta-analysis was used with a random-effects method. The results are presented using texts, tables and forest plots with measures of effect and 95% confidence interval.ResultsAmong 1221 records, 11 studies were taken in the meta-analysis with 4336 Participants that full fill the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of post abortion contraceptive in Ethiopia was 74.56% (95% CI (73.31%, 75.81%)). Married women (OR 2.01 (95% CI (1.52, 2.66), I2: 0.0%)), women who were counseled (OR 5.36 (95% CI (3.10, 9.29), I2: 79.5%)), women whose educational level tertiary and above (OR 2.28 (95% CI (1.66, 3.17), I2: 0.0%)), women who had ever used contraceptive (OR 3.76 (95% CI (2.19, 6.47), I2: 67.8%)) and those women’s age 15–24 years old (OR 8.35 (95% CI (2.74, 14.74), I2: 87.4)) were statistically significant.ConclusionAccording to World Health Organization (WHO) guideline, "after a miscarriage or induced abortion, the recommended minimum interval to next pregnancy is at least 6 months in order to reduce risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes".. According to this post abortion contraceptive utilization in Ethiopia is not optimal. Marital status, education, Counsel, previously exposed and age were significantly associated. Therefore, the Ministry of Health should work target fully to address those problems to maintain maternal and child health in Ethiopia.

Specific survival nomograms based on SEER database for small intestine adenocarcinoma.

Small intestine cancers, as an extremely rare tumor type, account only for 3% of all gastrointestinal tumors. Small intestine adenocarcinoma (SIA), representing approximately one-third of all small bowel cancers, has received relatively little attention, both in research efforts and clinical cognizance. Owing to anatomical proximity and rarity, small bowel adenocarcinomas are frequently grouped with colorectal adenocarcinomas. Therefore, a large SIA patient cohort is needed to develop and validate new nomogram prognostic models specific to SIA patients. Patients diagnosed with SIA between 2004 and 2016 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Final Results (SEER) database. All patients were randomly assigned to the training cohort and the validation cohort (2:1). The basic clinical information, detailed pathological staging, and treatment information of the patients were included in the analysis. Nomograms were shaped following the evaluations of the Cox regression model and verified using the decision curve analysis (DCA), time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, concordance index (C-index), and calibration curves. The entire group comprised 6,947 patients with small intestine adenocarcinoma. According to the results of the multivariate Cox regression analysis, ten variables, including marital status, age, pathological grade, tumor location, T (tumor), N (nodes), M (metastasis) stage, surgery, chemotherapy, and regional nodes examined (RNE), were independent predictors of both of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). All significant variables were used to create the nomograms for OS and CSS. Various methods verified the reliability of the nomograms. The C-indexes of the OS and CSS nomogram were 0.756 (95% CI, 0.748-0.764) and 0.771 (95% CI, 0.761-0.781) in the training cohort and 0.748 (95% CI, 0.736-0.760) and 0.767 (95% CI, 0.752-0.781) in the validation cohort. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the nomogram prediction and actual survival. DCA indicated a clear net benefit of these new forecasting models. This study built and verified nomograms to predict OS and CSS for rare SIA, which appear to be excellent tools to augment the clinically available evidence to facilitate the discussion between SIA patients and clinicians regarding therapeutic choice.

The Correlation Between Marital Age and The Incidence of Cervical Cancer

Background: Cervical cancer (neck of the womb) is a malignant tumor that grows in the cervix (the lowest part of the uterus attached to the top of the vagina). Aim: This study aims to investigate the correlation between marital age and the incidence of cervical cancer. Methods: This research was correlation analytic with a cross-sectional approach. This study's population was all patients in Gambiran Hospital in obstetric and gynecology poly, and the sample size was 34 people chosen by simple random sampling technique. The research instrument used the medical record. The bivariate analysis used the Spearman rank test. Results: The analysis shows that there were two independent and dependent variables, namely marital age and the incidence of cervical cancer, with ρ value = 0001< α = 0.05 indicating that there was a correlation between marital age and the incidence of cervical cancer with a value of r = 0.549 showed that there is a relationship between the age of marriage with cervical cancer incidence. Conclusion: This research is expected to be an input to make people more healthy and open to receive health information, especially if a family has a child of early marriage age. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Marital Age

A STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOUR OF TEACHERS AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL

The existing research study was aimed to study the organizational citizenship behaviour of teachers at Secondary level. The nature of this research study was descriptive and gathered the data by survey method. Hundred male and hundred female teachers teaching at Secondary level were chosen by stratified sampling technique from the Islamabad Model Secondary Schools. A standardized questionnaire based on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale (OCBS) of 24 items developed by Podsakoff and Moorman (1995) was employed to gather data which have five subscales. Mean, Standard deviation, an independent sample t-test and ANOVA were applied for data analysis. The consciousness dimension has shown high mean score value as compare to the other dimensions of OCB. An independent t-test was employed to see the major difference regarding OCB of male and female teachers. Results indicated that there is a substantial difference in OCB between male and female teachers, moreover results also displays that male teachers have considerably higher level of OCB than female teachers. There is no significant difference found in OCB of teachers based on their marital status and age group. Educational administration should work out on fostering a perception of OCB in their institutions to improve their teaching standard and teachers should also be given incentives by their heads in order to exhibit high level of OCB that will be resulted in their improved performance.

Otantik Liderliğin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık ve ÖrgütselAdanmışlık Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi: Trabzon Örneği (Investigation of the Effect of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Citizenship and Organizational Commitment: Case of Trabzon)

Purpose - The aim of this study is to examine the effect of authentic leadership perceptions of hotel business employees on organizational citizenship and organizational commitment behaviors, which are deemed as the positive organizational behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – Within the scope of the study, a field research was carried out in the municipality certified hotel businesses operating in Trabzon and data were collected with the help of survey technique. The survey consists of three scales, authentic leadership, organizational citizenship, and organizational commitment and demographic questions. The research sample consists of 303 employees. Frequency distribution, T-test, variance analysis, factor analysis, correlation and simple linear regression analysis were performed on the data. Findings - As a result of correlation analysis, it was found out that there is a low-level significant relationship between authentic leadership, organizational citizenship, and organizational commitment. As a result of the regression analysis, it was detected that authentic leadership perception has a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior and organizational commitment behavior. Additionally, according to the results of the T-test and analysis of variance, there are significant differences between marital status and age groups and organizational commitment behavior, and there are significant differences between receiving tourism education and organizational citizenship behavior. Discussion - According to the findings, there is a positive and significant relationship between authentic leadership, organizational citizenship, and organizational commitment. In this context, it may be commented that as the authentic leadership perception levels of the employees working in the municipality certified hotel businesses in Trabzon increase, so do the levels of organizational citizenship and organizational commitment behavior. The results obtained in this study support the findings of studies conducted in different fields in the literature.

Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prenatal Mental Health and Substance Use Among Urban, Low-Income Women.

This study examined associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and perinatal mental health and substance use among 98 low-income women (mean age 25.4years; 93% Black/African American) referred to a mental health care manager in an urban women's clinic. Self-report and retrospective chart review data were utilized. Chi-squared and Fisher's Exact tests were performed to assess bivariate relationships between ACEs and mental health and substance use outcomes. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine the impact of ACEs on mental health and substance use, adjusting for marital status, education, and age. Findings indicate high levels of childhood adversity, specifically childhood abuse, are associated with negative perinatal mental health and substance use outcomes, including suicidal thoughts, anxiety, mood dysregulation, and tobacco and marijuana use. Inquiring about ACEs during prenatal care and/or in community health clinics may help identify patients' overall risk and provide opportunities for intervention for mothers and their infants.

An empirical examination of the effects of demographic groups on socially responsible consumption behaviour

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the effects of demographic groups (i.e. gender groups, marital status groups, age groups, income groups, experience groups, education groups and occupation groups) on socially responsible consumption (hereafter SRC) behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out in Chennai city, the capital of Tamil Nadu state of India. A total of 214 responses were collected during the survey. The respondents were the university staff composed of lecturer/professor, lab instructor, admin staff and support staff. A socially responsible purchase and disposal scale has been used to measure SRC behaviour amongst consumers. The convenience sampling technique was used for data collection. Independent-samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques were used for hypotheses testing.FindingsFactor analyses confirmed the multidimensional structure of the SRC construct with the following axes: firms’ internal corporate social responsibility (hereafter CSR) performance, firms’ external CSR performance, firms’ environmental CSR performance and consumers’ personal social responsibility. In addition, this study found that demographic groups have no effects on SRC behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe current research will be a step forward to a richer and more inclusive understanding of the effects of demographic groups on SRC behaviour.Practical implicationsThis study would help managers to understand consumer markets, formulate strategy and develop sustainable products.Originality/valueThis study is amongst the few attempted to examine the effects of demographic groups on SRC behaviour amongst consumers. This research endeavoured to validate the multidimensional nature of the SRC construct.

The Causal Impact of Women’s Age at Marriage on Domestic Violence in India

This study examines the causal effect of women’s age at marriage on prevalence of domestic violence using newly available household data from India. The paper employs an empirical strategy that utilizes variation in age at menarche to obtain exogenous variation in women’s age at marriage. The results show robust evidence that a one-year delay in women’s marriage causes a significant decline in physical violence, although it has no impact on sexual or emotional violence. Further, the study provides suggestive evidence that the effect of women’s marital age on physical violence arises because older brides, as compared to younger brides, are more educated and are married to more educated men. Overall, the findings underscore the importance of better enforcement of existing social policies that seek to delay marriages of women, as well as formulation of newer interventions, to reduce the prevalence of domestic violence in developing countries. HIGHLIGHTS The study examines the causal effect of marital age on exposure to domestic violence. It utilizes recent household data from India. Variation in age at menarche is used to obtain exogenous variation in age at marriage. Results show one-year delay in women's marriage causes a decline in physical violence. The study conducts further analysis to shed light on underlying mechanisms.

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Viruses, and HIV among Antenatal Pregnant Women in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Aim: Hepatitis B and C viruses and HIV infections remain major global health concerns as causes of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of HBsAg antibody, anti-Hepatitis C and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies in antenatal pregnant women in Nsukka, Nigeria.
 Study Design, Area and Duration of Study: The study utilized both experimental and survey designs. Blood samples were collected from women attending antenatal clinics in two prominent hospitals in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria from April to August 2016.
 Methods: Blood samples from 200 pregnant women were collected into plain vacutainers and allowed to clot. The serum was separated and used to test for antibodies to the viral infections using rapid test kits with immobilized antigens following the manufacturer’s instructions. Additional information was collected using standard questionnaire. 
 Results: From the results, 11 (5.5%), 9 (4.5%) and 5 (2.5%) women tested positive for HBsAg antibody, anti-HCV and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies, respectively. None of the patients was co-infected with HBV/HCV, HBV/HIV, HCV/HIV or triple infections with HBV/HCV/HIV. The mean age distribution was 28.2 years (Standard Deviation = 6.46). Marital status, age distribution and occupation were found to be statistically insignificant to the prevalence of HBsAg antibody, anti-HCV and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies (P > 0.05). Blood transfusion and history of previous surgeries were the risk factors for HBsAg and HIV 1 and 2 antibodies (P < 0.05), but not for anti- HCV (P> 0.05) among the study population. None of the respondents had body tattoo or admitted to have multiple sexual partners.
 Conclusion: There are still high seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among antenatal pregnant women in the study area. Hence, there is need for integration of hepatitis screening tests among the antenatal pregnant women in the town.

Child marriage among Somali refugees in Ethiopia: a cross sectional survey of adolescent girls and adult women

BackgroundDespite child marriage receiving increased attention over the past two decades, research on child marriage in humanitarian settings remains scarce. This study sought to quantify child marriage among Somali adolescent girls residing in Kobe refugee camp in Ethiopia and to identify its correlates and consequences.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using multi-stage cluster-based sampling with probability proportional to size. We randomly sampled households that have at least one female aged 15–49 and at least one adolescent female aged 10–19. In addition to calculating the proportion of girls married under age 18, we used survival methods – namely Kaplan Meier graphs and Cox proportional hazard models – to identify risk factors associated with child marriage in this context. We also used descriptive statistics to describe marital age preferences among female adults and presented measures of important sexual and reproductive health indicators among married adolescent girls.ResultsA total of 603 adult women were surveyed and a household roster was created with information on 3319 household members, of whom 522 were adolescent girls aged 15–19. Of those, 14% were currently married (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.11–0.18), and 11% were ever married under age 18 (95% CI 8–15%). Several variables were found to be significantly associated with hazard of child marriage including schooling, sex and employment status of head of household, as well as number of girls under age 18 in the childhood home.. Adult women tended to incorrectly identify minimum legal age at marriage and preferred low marital age for boys and girls – particularly in households of child brides. Among married adolescent girls, contraceptive use was very low (11%; 95% CI 4.94–22.40), and early childbearing was common (60%; 95% CI 45.56–72.89).ConclusionsThis research contributes to the evidence base on child marriage in humanitarian settings. Insights generated from this study have the potential to inform programs and interventions aiming to prevent and mitigate the impacts of this harmful practice.

Characterising end-of-life decision-making of life-sustaining treatment among Japanese nurses

Often, nurses are closer to end-of-life (EOL) patients than other medical professionals, due to the time they spend with them at their bedside, which leads them to understand patients' care goals. To investigate the importance of EOL preferences by examining nurses' EOL decision-making regarding life-sustaining treatment (LST). In this cross-sectional study, 559 self-reported questionnaires of Japanese nurses were examined. Marital status, age and decision-making regarding LST for themselves were investigated. Unmarried participants from all age groups had a higher percentage of 'no preference for LST' than married groups. Differences between the percentages were higher in the 20s age group. Married participants increasingly preferred to receive no LST as their age increased, unlike single participants. Marital status influences Japanese nurses' EOL decision-making regarding LST. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a patient's marital status to facilitate better decision-making.

The psychological effects of isolation exhaustion caused by home quarantine due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the citizens in the Sultanate of Oman: الآثار النفسية لإرهاق العزلة الناجم عن الحجر المنزلي بسبب جائحة فيروس كورونا (COVID -19) لدى المواطنين في سلطنة عُمان

The study aimed to identify the psychological effects of isolation exhaustion that caused by home quarantine due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among citizens in the Sultanate of Oman, and the research sample consisted of (1048) citizens of the Sultanate of Oman, ranging in age from (13 years to 61 years and over). The study tools included the isolation exhaustion scale, its psychometric properties were verified before its application, and the data were analyzed using Programme (SPSS). The results of the research showed that there are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α= 0.05) between the computational circles of isolation exhaustion that caused by home quarantine due to the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) among the citizens in the Sultanate of Oman attributed to marital status and age variables, and the results of the study also showed that there are no statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.05 = α) between the computational circles of isolation exhaustion that caused by home quarantine due to the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) among the citizens in the Sultanate of Oman attributed to gender and housing variables. According to the research results, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including: The need to pay attention to the mental health of individuals under (21) years of age, through effective awareness-raising that focuses on the developmental characteristics of the age stage; and provide the psychological and social support to individuals, especially those under (21) years old.

Islamic triangle concept of marital age: Indonesian experience

Marriage is a sacred act that no one will doubt. The sacredness of marriage does not mean that every person could be married. There are legal competencies in Islam that every person should be aware of before doing any legal acts. Islamic law sets two indicators of legal age; both are bālig and rusydan. Indonesia has determined the age of 19 to be a formal legal age of Indonesian people for their marriage. Finding the connection between the two indicators and concluded age is worth studying. The article aims to correlate Islamic legal competence with the marriage readiness and triangle analysis of legal age marriage based on Indonesia's factual issues. The article was described and analyzed qualitatively and based on the normative legal review. The review found out that ahliyyatul adā` al-kāmilah is the appropriate phase-in doing all legal activities, including marriage. The concluded age of 19 by the Indonesian government is well-measured when it was analyzed through the three parallel concepts: maslahah, ra’iyyatul imam manūtun bil maslahah, and sadd al-zarī’ah, all of which allow valuable considerations based on actual problematic issues of underage marriage.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Smoking in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Tobacco consumption, or smoking, is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In order to reduce the consumption of tobacco products, it is necessary to understand the factors that drive it. However, little is known about the socioeconomic determinants of tobacco smoking in the KSA. This study, therefore, investigates the socioeconomic factors that influence tobacco smoking in the KSA. Using a national health survey, the study employs logistic and negative binomial regressions to examine the socioeconomic factors associated with smoking. Moreover, the inequality concentration indices (CIs) are used to assess inequalities in smoking. The results reveal that the smoking prevalence is 14.09% of the 8813 respondents considered in this study. The prevalence of smoking is higher among men (25.34%) than among women (1.91%). On the determinants of smoking, the logistic regression results show that higher income is associated with lower likelihood of smoking. Other factors significantly associated with current smoking status are marital status, gender, age, and region of residence. Similarly, gender, age and region of residence are significantly associated with smoking intensity. As regards the inequality analysis, at the national level, the results show that smoking is concentrated among those with higher socioeconomic status (income: CI = 0.071, p < 0.01; education: CI = 0.095, p < 0.01), but with significant regional variations. By gender disaggregation, the results also show that the income-based CIs are positive for both males and females, but statistically insignificant. Education-based CI is positive for males and significant (CI = 0.057, p < 0.05), while it is negative and insignificant for females during the study period. The findings call for targeted tobacco control measures focusing on those with higher socioeconomic status, as well as factors such as age, gender, marital status and region of residence.

Anxiety during Radiation Therapy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating a Specific One-on-One Procedure Announcement Provided by a Radiation Therapist.

Simple SummaryWhat is the influence of a one-on-one procedure announcement delivered by a radiation therapist before radiation therapy? In this trial randomizing 126 patients, no significant differences in mean trait or state anxiety scores measured before CT scan simulation, during the first and second sessions, or at the completion of radiotherapy were noted. Patients who benefited from the procedure announcement were significantly better informed of the treatment positioning and in vivo dosimetry. For patients, this specific procedure was not able to decrease their level of anxiety.Background: Anxiety impacts patient outcomes and quality of life in response to cancer diagnosis. A prospective phase 3 trial randomizing 126 patients was conducted to determine whether a specific one-on-one procedure announcement provided by a radiation therapist before CT scan simulation decreases anxiety for patients with breast cancer requiring radiotherapy. Material and Methods: Anxiety was measured using the STAI form, and the QLQ-C30 and BR-23 questionnaires were used to evaluate quality of life. Results: Mean trait or state anxiety scores before CT scan simulation, before the first and second sessions, and at the end of radiation treatment were not significantly different. We observed a decrease in the level of anxiety with time; however, no significant difference in mean state anxiety scores at any of the time intervals was detected. Factors, such as anxiety trait score, professional and marital status, age, and use of alternative therapy, did not significantly influence the evolution of anxiety status over time or the mean value. Anxiety was significantly influenced by the level of fatigue. Patients who benefited from the radiation therapists’ advice felt significantly better informed. Conclusions: The one-on-one program announcement occurring before CT scan simulation led to patients being more informed and greater satisfaction but did not decrease anxiety.

YOUTH KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE GENERATION PLANNING PROGRAM AND ATTITUDE OF YOUTH IN MATURITY AGE OF MARRIAGE AT SMA NEGERI 4 BATAM

Background : Generation Planning is a program developed in the context of preparing and planning family life for adolescents. One of the main focuses in this program is the maturity of marriage age for adolescents. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge of adolescents about the Generation Planning program and the attitudes of adolescents in the maturity of the marital age at SMA Negeri 4 Batam. Method : This study used a descriptive research design. The length of the research was 6 months with a population of all students of class X and XI SMA N 4 Batam as many as 737 students, the sampling was systematic random sampling with a sample size of 88 respondents. , Result : as many as 53 respondents (60.2%) and good as many as 35 respondents (39.8%). Frequency distribution of the majority of adolescents' attitudes have positive attitudes as many as 63 respondents (71.6%) and those who have negative attitudes are 25 respondents (28.4%) conclusion : Adolescent knowledge about the Planning Generation program at SMAN 4 Batam is the majority of the knowledge is Less as many as 53 respondents (60%) The attitude of adolescents in the Maturity of the Marriage Age at SMAN 4 Batam is that the majority are positive as many as 63 respondents (71%)

Premenstrual Syndrome among Health Care Providers

An observational cross-sectional study carried out in Koohi Goth Hospital from 25-07-2019 to 25-01-2020. Objective of Study: The objective of study was to access the frequency of premenstrual syndrome among health care providers (Doctors and paramedical staff) and to list the major clinical features of premenstrual syndrome among those health care providers. Methodology: Out of 200 health care providers reported having PMS 100 (50%) were Doctors and 100 (50%) were paramedical staff who were interviewed and studied in further details using a pre-designated semi structured Data Collection Questionnaire which included socio dermographic and clinical profile of the responders. In socio dermographic profile age, marital status, designation (doctors and paramedical staff) were asked while clinical profile includes those signs and symptoms of respondent that has occurred in at least 2 or 3 periods of their last menstrual cycles and resolved completely by the end of leaving a symptom free week. Results: A total of 200 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The lowest age of subjects was 20 years and the highest age was 40 years. The highest number of health care providers 125(62.5%) belonged to age class 20-24 years, 60(30%) were in age category of 25-30 years and 15(7.5%) were in age group of 31-40 years. There were 100(50%) doctors and 100(50%) were paramedics. Out of 200 health care providers 75(37.5%) were married and 125(62.5%) were un-married. Out of 200 study participants premenstrual syndrome (PMS) was found in 152(76%) subjects and 48(24%) were without the syndrome. Out of 125 (62.5%) study subjects who were in the age category of 20-24 years PMS was found in 110(80%). Out of 60(30%) subjects of age category of 25-30 years PMS was found in 35(58.3%) and out of 15 (7.5%) subjects of age category of 31-40 years PMS was found 7(46.6%). Out of 152(76%) of subjects with PMS, loss of appetite was found in 40(26.3%), strong desire for food found in 10(6.5%), subject felt thirsty, were 24(15.7%), excessive sleep was found in 25(16.4%), loss of sleep was found in 15(9.8%), increased sexual desire was found in 3(1.9%). Decrease sexual desire was found in 4(2.6%). Loss of confidence was found in 18(11.8%) and social Isolation was in 50(32.8%). Out of 152 subjects symptoms of swelling was found in 20(13.1%). Breast swelling was found in 29(19.1%). Nausea was experienced by 15(9.8%). Weight was gained by 9(5.9%) subjects. Headache was experienced by 30(19.7%) subjects. Fatigue was found in 80(52.6%) subjects and constipation was found in 21(13.8%). Conclusion: Premenstrual syndrome is a condition that affects adolescent more frequently. The diagnosis of PMS is miscalculated since diverse criterias were used in published studies. This study was shows that PMS is a common problem among women of reproductive use group. Marital status and age do not affects the prevalence of PMS. Fatigue, social isolation loss of appetite, feel thirsty, loss of confidence and excessive sleep were most common psychological symptoms, while headache, breast swelling and constipation were most common physical symptoms. Largely ignored both clinically and scientifically in Pakistan, PMS merits further biosocial investigations and doctors should pay attention and adopt comprehensive measure in order to reduce the recurrence and improve the quality of life.

Preferences between Caesarean Section and Normal Vaginal Delivery among the reproductive women in Bangladesh

Amount of death due to pregnancy are gradually decreasing worldwide, among all of these estimated deaths, one-fifth of the maternal death recorded in southern Asia. The increasing rate of caesarean section (CS) delivery and the improved safety of surgical skill are the big reason of reduced pregnancy related mortality rate. Bangladesh has the increasing CS rate on southern Asia. This study aimed to identify the different factors affecting the increasing rate of CS in Bangladesh This cross-sectional survey was conducted between January 2020 - March 2020 among the married women at reproductive age (15-49 years age) having at least one under five years child of Dhaka and Noakhali district in Bangladesh. A questionnaire was designed to survey the preference of their delivery mode. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors. A total of 357 Bangladeshi women participated in the survey and 55.7% declared they would prefer normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and 37.3% had no clear preference. The actual scenario was the overall CS rate was 51.8% during 2015-2019. But it was very high (77.8%) for the 40 years and above women. The study revealed several important factors that significantly affect the increasing rate of CS for childbirth. Maternal age, religion, current place of residence, working status, monthly household income, birth order, marital age and year of childbirth were found to have significant effect on the high rate of CS. All those who have had face CS at least once in our study faced various problem, they reported. Most of them was feeling tired to do little work and suffered long term back pain. This study will help policy makers in formulating appropriate programs to cope with this challenge efficiently and effectively. Some Special programs should be taken to increase the social awareness and values to save both mother and child, which may lead to decrease the rate of CS in Bangladesh.

Aging together in the aftermath of war: marital adjustment and subjective age of veterans and their spouses

Objectives Trauma has long-term effects on those directly exposed to it, but it also impacts those closest to them, particularly one’s spouse, as the marital relationship is of central importance for late-life development. Furthermore, traumatic experiences have been shown to be involved in an acceleration of aging, whether through physical health, or via psychological pathways, through an older subjective age. The present work seeks to examine the mutual connections between marital adjustment and the psychological accelerated aging of both spouses among military veterans of the Israeli 1973 Yom Kippur War. Method Data from two assessments were drawn from a larger longitudinal study. In 2008 (T1) and again in 2015 (T2), 247 veterans and their wives were interviewed on their subjective age, marital adjustment, and PTSD symptoms. Results An actor–partner interdependence model combined with an autoregressive cross-lagged model, controlling for T1 PTSD symptoms revealed that men’s subjective age at T1 was associated with women’s subjective age at T2, and women’s subjective age at T1 was associated with men’s subjective age at T2. Women’s marital adjustment at T1 was associated with men’s marital adjustment at T2 but not the other way around. Conclusion Spousal relationships are an important arena in the lives of older adult veterans. The present study contributes new knowledge regarding the paths that predict subjective age by taking account of the subjective age of one’s spouse, as well as levels of marital adjustment. Insights regarding secondary traumatization, as well as gender differences, for the aging process are discussed.

Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes in neuroendocrine prostate cancer: A population-based study.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and the survival outcomes of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC).Methods:Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the National Cancer Institute, we identified a total of 510 patients with NEPC between 2006 and 2015. Age-adjusted incidence rates were evaluated in the study by the SEER∗Stat Software version 8.3.6. Kaplan–Meier analysed assessed overall survival (OS) after stratification according to marital status, age, histologic subtype, metastatic status, and treatment. The significant differences were assessed in a log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate cox hazard regression analysis were performed to determine independent predictors of OS.Results:From a total of 560,124 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed between 2006 and 2015, we identified 510 cases of de novo NEPC. Regarding histology, among all the NEPC, 329 (64.5%) patients were diagnosed as small cell carcinoma, 181 (39.8%) were nonsmall cell carcinoma. The overall age-adjusted incidence of NEPC statistically significantly increased from 0.321/1,000,000 person-years in 2006 to 0.587/1,000,000 person-years in 2015. The median OS in our study cohort was 9 months (95% CI, 8–10 months). Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that age, histologic subtype, and stage were independent prognostic factors for NEPC patients. The majority of NEPC (78.2%) were metastatic at diagnosis. In terms of treatment, for metastatic tumor patients, chemotherapy was the most effective therapy. Chemotherapy increased the OS of patients with regional (distant) metastases from 8 months (5 months) to 13.5 months (9 months).Conclusion:NEPC is extremely rare but the incidence of NEPC has been increasing in the past years. The prognosis of NEPC is poor because most cases are diagnosed at metastatic stage. The patients with metastases are typically treated with chemotherapy and chemotherapy shows survival benefits in both regional and distant metastatic tumor patients.