Management Of Marine Resources Research Articles

Retracing Sustainable Fishing Practices of Marine Resources in the Coastal Communities of Antique, Philippines

The European Union (EU) recognized that there is rampant illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing in the Philippines, resulting to a noticeable decline in fish population. To retrace sustainable fishing practices, this research sought to illustrate the fishing methods that fisher folks employ and narrate their experiences during their fishing activities. This research employed a multiple case study approach. To fully understand the experiences of the fisher folks in their fishing activities, one-on-one in depth semi-structured interviews have been conducted as well as scheduled visits in order to gather data. The collected data underwent a narrative analysis. The study was conducted in three fishing communities of Antique, specifically; Hamtic, Tibiao, and San Jose. In order to identify participants of the study, purposive sampling was used as the participants must meet certain criteria. The participants were registered fisher folks and members of a fisher folk organization registered in the barangays. Furthermore, they have been in the fishing industry for ten (10) years or more. Result of the study revealed that 1. Fisher folks indeed observe regulated and legal fishing methods; 2. Despite the observance of sustainable fishing methods there is still a noticeable decline in fish population; 3. The presence of kubkuban near municipal territories has been cited as a potential cause for overfishing, and 4. Weak law enforcement in the Philippine seas allow rampant illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing to persist. The findings suggest that fisher folks show resiliency in their choice of fishing methods as they are more conservative in managing marine resources. However, government must review and monitor the effects of kubkuban on the sustainable development of marine resources and review the Philippine fisheries code. Furthermore, there is a need to strengthen law enforcement in the Philippine seas.

Conservation program for freshwater stingrays in the Musi River, Palembang City, South Sumatra: Stakeholders analysis and priority programs

Through the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Decree (Kepmen KP) 01/2021, the Indonesian Government has granted full protection status for three freshwater stingray species found in the Musi River, Palembang City, South Sumatra. However, enforcement of regulations related to the full protection of these three species remains suboptimal. Therefore, the active involvement of stakeholders and implementation of practical conservation strategies are essential. This research aims to identify the interactions among stakeholders involved in managing freshwater stingrays and to develop priority conservation programs for these species in the Musi River, Palembang City, South Sumatra. The findings emphasize the key stakeholders in management of freshwater stingrays, including the Palembang City Fisheries Office, Fisheries Extension Officers in Palembang City, under the Research Institute for Fisheries Research and Fisheries Extension Palembang institution (BRPPUPP), Fishery Resources Surveillance and Monitoring (PSDKP) Batam Palembang Work Area, Coastal and Marine Resources Management Agency (BPSPL) Padang Palembang Work Area, and fishermen. The proposed priority conservation programs for freshwater stingrays include public awareness campaigns to promote the importance of full protection for these species, research on the biological characteristics and habitats of freshwater stingrays, and enhanced surveillance achieving through intensive monitoring by Community Surveillance Groups (Pokmaswas) and by increasing the number of personnel and fisheries surveillance fleets. Collaborative program development among stakeholders is critical to ensure the success of the freshwater stingray conservation initiatives in the Musi River.

Fishery Laws Adherence in San Pedro Bay: Insights from Selected Fishing Communities

The preservation of food security and livelihoods in coastal communities faces significant challenges due to illegal fishing activities in San Pedro Bay. This qualitative study aimed to evaluate the adherence to fishery laws in the San Pedro municipality, encompassing Tolosa, Tanauan, and Dulag, Leyte. Through purposive sampling, thirty-six informants were engaged, including members of the Fishery Law Enforcement Team (FLET), dedicated police officers, and local fisherfolk. The results revealed widespread violations of fishery laws, notably destructive dynamite and fine fish nets, and fishing in restricted areas. The study identified various motivations behind these infractions, including economic pressures, imitation of illegal practices, and collusion with government entities. This study proposes sustainable livelihood programs, educational seminars, and regular seaborne patrol operations. It underscores the critical need to equip law enforcement agencies with adequate resources for effective policing. In conclusion, this research highlights the urgency of bolstering fishery law enforcement to ensure compliance, promote sustainable marine resource management, and safeguard the well-being of coastal communities in San Pedro Bay. Keywords: Illegal Fishing, Adherence, Fishery Laws, San Pedro Bay

Coastal Area Management and Environmental Law Enforcement Against Marine Debris Polling

In the implementation of coastal and marine resource management, it is essentially aimed at empowering the socio-economic community, so the community should have great power to regulate itself in managing coastal and marine resources in this era of autonomy. The process of transferring authority from the government to the community must be realized. Law enforcement against coastal areas is very complex, as intended by Law Number 32 of 2009, namely through several instruments, namely administration, civil and criminal, but first the community must understand the legal awareness itself. In an effort to foster legal awareness, repressive, preventive and persuasive actions can be taken.

The impact of digitalization on the green development of the marine economy: evidence from China’s coastal regions

Under the impetus of the new generation of technological revolution, digitalization offers new opportunities for the green development of the marine economy. Utilizing data from 11 coastal Chinese provinces and cities between 2011 and 2020, this paper constructs a comprehensive index system for the green development of the marine economy. Based on this, a fixed effects model is used to explore the impact of digitalization on the green development of the marine economy and its underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that digitalization effectively promotes the green development of the marine economy, with this effect being more pronounced in regions bordering “the Belt and Road” initiative. Mechanism tests indicate that digitalization promotes the green development of the marine economy by raising the comprehensive development level of ports. When breaking down the components of port development, it is found that improving the port location quotient plays a more crucial role than port radiation intensity in how digitalization promotes the green development of the marine economy. Additionally, environmental regulation exerts a U-shaped moderating effect on the relationship between digitalization and the green development of the marine economy. Based on these findings, it is recommended to use digital technologies and data, expedite the development of marine big data platforms, integrate port resources, optimize port operations, and apply environmental regulation policies judiciously to promote efficient marine resource management and sustainable marine economic development.

Advancing fishing technology education and research: a 65-year legacy at Nha Trang University, Vietnam

As a coastal country, Vietnam relies on marine exploitation for food security and livelihoods. Training human resources to research, exploit, and manage marine resources is an important strategy to maintain rapid and sustainable economic growth and development. Official training in fishing technology at Nha Trang University (NTU) started in 1959. With 65 years of teaching, the unique program only offered at NTU, has made significant contribution to social-economic development in general and sustainable marine fisheries in particular. In this paper, we review the major achievements in teaching and scientific research in fishing technology at NTU as well as highlight the challenges and progress. Over the years, thousands of students have been trained under the fishing technology program and they then have worked all over the country, working in fisheries management, science, and services. Hundreds of research projects and peer-reviewed papers have been conducted and published. Those have supported fishing efficiency, environmentally friendly fishing methods, and effective management. However, the number of fishing technology students has decreased during the past few years because of unfavorable study and working environments where students are often exposed to commercial fishing vessels that frequently operate under rough weather conditions. Despite challenges and difficulties, NTU is determined to maintain the program to support the ocean economic development of the nation.

PROYECTOS INNOVADORES EN EL SECTOR AZUL: IMPULSANDO LA SOSTENIBILIDAD Y EL DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO DE LOS RECURSOS MARINOS

The Spanish region and the Mediterranean basin are positioned as a globally recognised biodiversity hotspot, hosting more than half of Europe’s catalogued species. However, this biological wealth faces serious threats such as terrestrial and marine pollution, habitat destruction and overfishing. In response to this scenario, significant efforts have been undertaken to restructure economic sectors towards sustainable and environmentally friendly models, with the blue sector being particularly prominent. This sector advocates the sustainable exploitation of seas and oceans, facing challenges such as generational change. Faced with this problem, there is a need for innovative initiatives that integrate education and environmental sustainability, using methodologies that attract new generations to professions in the blue sector. In this context, the Centro de Formación Folgado has led several initiatives at European, national and local level, with the aim of addressing the lack of generational change and promoting the sustainable management of marine resources. Its European projects include Blue Careers for a Sustainable Blue Economy (BOUTCAR), an educational alliance to develop training pathways in the blue sector, and Let’s Form Marine Shelters (FOMSHE), focused on the recovery of the seahorse in the Mediterranean. At the national level, the Emprende Impact project promoted a sustainable entrepreneurship programme aimed at vocational training students. At the local level, the Green Posidonia project has worked on the creation of a pilot plant for the cultivation of Posidonia oceanica and its repopulation, together with educational workshops, while Green Urban Changemakers promoted a more sustainable urban development in the city of Valencia. In addition, the Centre collaborates in other European projects such as BlueCircle, which identifies opportunities within the blue sector, and Let’s Talk Under The Sea (TAUTS), an initiative to promote ocean culture and raise awareness of the effects of underwater noise on marine wildlife. These initiatives reflect a strong commitment to sustainability and innovative education, consolidating the Centro de Formación Folgado as a benchmark in the transformation towards a more sustainable and attractive blue sector for new generations.

Peran Kebijakan Lokal dalam Mendukung Keberlanjutan Usaha Perikanan Tradisional

Traditional fisheries play a crucial role in supporting local economies, especially in coastal areas, and contribute to national food security. However, this sector faces numerous challenges, such as climate change, overfishing, and limited market access. This study aims to identify the role of local policies in supporting the sustainability of traditional fisheries and provide strategic recommendations. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document studies in coastal communities. The results reveal that inclusive local policies, technical support, and fishermen empowerment can enhance the sustainability of this sector. However, challenges such as limited resources, weak oversight, and low community participation need to be addressed through multi-stakeholder collaboration. This study recommends enhancing fishermen's capacities, strengthening market access, and implementing community-based marine resource management to achieve long-term sustainability.

Social and Economic Impact of Measurable Fishing Policies on Fishermen in North Aceh Regency

The measured fishing policy, or catch share, aims to manage marine resources sustainably by providing special quotas to fishermen, but its implementation in North Aceh Regency shows complex social and economic impacts. While these policies can reduce overfishing and improve planning for fishers' activities, potential inequalities in quota distribution can exacerbate economic inequality, with large fishers better able to control quotas than small or traditional fishers. This can affect the social structure within the fishing community and create tension. While there is potential to strengthen cooperation between fishers and increase incomes, the success of these policies relies heavily on fair and inclusive planning to ensure optimal economic and social benefits and sustainability of marine resources. Theoretical perspective on the impact of socio-economic change. Data collection was carried out through Live in, observation, in-depth interviews and the use of documents. The data analysis process is carried out interactively through stages; Data collection, data verification, data patterns, data coding, data thematic networks, meaning and conclusion drawn. The results of this study show that the measured fishing policy in North Aceh aims to preserve marine resources through the regulation of catch quotas. Despite the impact on fishermen's income and society, this policy has the potential to provide long-term benefits if managed properly, through increased fish stocks, stable incomes, and fisher participation.

Peran Diplomasi Maritim Indonesia sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia

This paper discusses the role of Indonesia's maritime diplomacy in realizing its vision as the Global Maritime Fulcrum (Poros Maritim Dunia - PMD). Indonesia’s maritime diplomacy focuses on strengthening maritime security, enhancing maritime infrastructure connectivity, sustainable marine resource management, and promoting maritime culture. Through active participation in international forums such as IORA and cooperation with G20 countries, Indonesia aims to strengthen its strategic position as a global maritime trade hub. This study highlights how maritime diplomacy supports the achievement of the five pillars of PMD, solidifying Indonesia's role in the Indo-Pacific region and enhancing the country's global influence.

Unveiling Gas Seeps: A Dive into Water Column Data Analysis

Abstract Multibeam Echo Sounders (MBES) have significantly advanced underwater acoustic data analysis, allowing for the detection of various marine features. The enhanced capabilities of water column acoustic data analysis by MBES have played a crucial role in numerous research projects, including mapping methane gas flux and studying free gas release. This research aims to detect and quantify underwater gas seeps by leveraging the advanced imaging capabilities of MBES. The workflow involved displaying water column data, removing irrelevant echoes, applying amplitude threshold filtering, validating Local Intensity Maxima (LIM) values, exporting final coordinates, and calculating volumes using voxel-based methods. Results showed that higher frequencies (200 and 400 kHz) provided more detailed and accurate gas seep detection at 30 m depth, with average volumes of 25.972 m3 and 31.050 m3, respectively. However, at a depth of 60 m, the 100 kHz frequency was more effective, with an average volume of 28.324 m3. These findings underscore the importance of frequency selection in MBES surveys for accurate gas seep detection and quantification. This study provides valuable insights into underwater gas seeps, enhancing our understanding of their impacts on the marine environment and the global carbon cycle. This study supports SDG 14 by advancing marine ecosystems, including the management of marine resources.

Blue Economy and the Impact of Industrialisation on Sustainable Livelihoods: A Case Study of Fisheries in the North Coastal Region of Java

This research explores the impacts of the blue economy and industrialisation on sustainable livelihoods in the coastal areas of the North Coast of Java, with a particular focus on the fisheries sector.The main objective of this research is to analyse how changes in blue economy practices, which include sustainable marine resource management approaches, interact with industrialisation processes and their impact on the survival of local fishing communities.The research method used was qualitative with a case study approach, where data was collected through in-depth interviews with fishermen, government officials, and relevant stakeholders, as well as direct observation in the field. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis techniques to identify patterns and significant relationships between the factors involved.The results of this study show that industrialisation in the coastal areas of Java's North Coast has vital and complex impacts on the sustainable livelihoods of local fishing communities. On the one hand, industrialisation provides new economic opportunities, such as jobs in the fishing and manufacturing sectors, which can increase community income. However, on the other hand, negative impacts on the aquatic environment due to industrial activities and overexploitation of natural resources threaten the sustainability of the marine ecosystem, which is the main source of livelihood for fishermen.The managerial implications of these findings emphasise the need to integrate blue economy policies with the maturity of sustainable industrial development planning. Policy development that accommodates the needs of local ecosystems and fishing communities, with a pattern of regulating marine protected zones and supporting the shift to environmentally friendly fisheries practices, is key to ensuring the sustainability of fishers' livelihoods and healthy coastal ecosystems. This research provides important insights for policy makers and practitioners involved in marine fisheries resource management and industry development in coastal areas.

Larvul Ngabal Law as A Regulation in Marine Resources Management In Kei Islands, Southeast Maluku Regency

Introduction: Hawear Customary Law has long been known in Southeast Maluku and has a rolewhich is important in organizing life, especially for traditional law communities. Hawear contains meaning prohibition to take natural resources on land or in the sea, which is based on several important and basic arguments. The principle that is the basis for the actual existence of Hawear's lais the principle of sustainablemanagement of natural resources. Wise thinking that develops wiselyThis local area is also based on the economic aspects of the country's community and the villages and villages located in the area small islands.Purposes of the Research: To find out and analyze Hawear's existence in protecting and preserving marine genetic resources in Southeast Maluku Regency.Methods of the Research: The approach method used in this research is sociological juridical which is a descriptive qualitative analysis study. This research seeks to describe what occurs in the Kei Indigenous Community in Southeast Maluku Regency, it is related to resource management coastal and marine power. The data collection techniques used in this research are: Interview, questionnaire and literature study.Results of the Research: The existence or existence of law Larvul Ngabal Currently, it is increasingly existing, this can be seen from the increasingly advanced society of Southeast Maluku and have the same feelings in a group, where they stay in one place because they come from from the same genealogy or descent. They have their own customary laws that regulate them regarding rights and obligations regarding material and immaterial goods. They also have social institutions, traditional leadership, and traditional justice recognized by the group. Larvul Nabalas a form of rule which the people of Southeast Maluku use in managing their marine resources is expected to remain the same obeyed so that it becomes a law in the management of resources both at sea and on land so that they are maintained natural sustainability. This is also in line with the protection of indigenous communities which has been recognized in Article 18B paragraph (2) and Article 28I paragraph (3) in the Indonesian Constitution The Constitution of the Republic Indonesia in 1945 (1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia). This means that the state has recognized and respected rights indigenous communities, including the Law Society Larvul Ngabal.

Assessing impact risk to tropical marine ecosystems from human activities with a Southeast Asian example

Abstract Society relies on intact marine ecosystems for ecosystem services such as nutrition, livelihoods, health and well‐being. Yet, to obtain these benefits, we carry out activities, introducing pressures to ecosystems, damaging and degrading habitats and reducing their capacity to optimally provide ecosystem services. Biodiversity and ecosystem services are consequently being lost globally but impact chains from these activities are poorly understood, especially in tropical marine ecosystems. We identified for the first time impact chains linking activities with pressures they introduce in five tropical coastal and marine habitats, specifically through application in four Southeast Asian case study sites. Using expert elicitation based on existing evidence, we weighted each impact chain according to pressure extent, frequency and persistence, and habitat resistance and resilience. Assigning each impact chain an impact risk score allowed identification of activities and pressures introducing most risk, and habitats most under threat. Of 26 activities we considered, we found fishing activities, specifically trawling, gill nets and seine nets introduce most risk, along with tourism and recreation. Litter and pollution were among the greatest pressures on habitats, with coral reefs being most vulnerable overall. Destructive fishing practices were associated with physical pressures like abrasion, smothering and siltation and total habitat loss, while tourism activities were associated with organic enrichment, litter and pollution. The risk levels depended on the habitat and on local case study context. Synthesis and applications: A contextualised risk‐based approach can help to prioritise sustainability issues for management in data‐poor regions by making use of a range of knowledge types from local experts to broader scientific knowledge. A multisectoral, and ecosystem‐based risk assessment can help decision makers to consider trade‐offs in marine resource management and highlight priorities transparently, where coordination of multiple administrative organisations, sectors and local actors is required to meet multiple sustainability objectives. Physical pressures from fishing activities combined with pollution from tourism indicate effective management requires a multi‐use zoning approach that not only considers impacts at the site of activities but also integrates regional coordination to tackle dispersive pressures from pollution or sediment disturbance that occur at a distance from the source.

Global Assessment of Mesoscale Eddies with TOEddies: Comparison Between Multiple Datasets and Colocation with In Situ Measurements

The present study introduces a comprehensive, open-access atlas of mesoscale eddies in the global ocean, as identified and tracked by the TOEddies algorithm implemented on a global scale. Unlike existing atlases, TOEddies detects eddies directly from absolute dynamic topography (ADT) without spatial filtering, preserving the natural spatial variability and enabling precise, high-resolution tracking of eddy dynamics. This dataset provides daily information on eddy characteristics, such as size, intensity, and polarity, over a 30-year period (1993–2023), capturing complex eddy interactions, including splitting and merging events that often produce networks of interconnected eddies. This unique approach challenges the traditional single-trajectory perspective, offering a nuanced view of eddy life cycles as dynamically linked trajectories. In addition to traditional metrics, TOEddies identifies both the eddy core (characterized by maximum azimuthal velocity) and the outer boundary, offering a detailed representation of eddy structure and enabling precise comparisons with in situ data. To demonstrate its value, we present a statistical overview of eddy characteristics and spatial distributions, including generation, disappearance, and merging/splitting events, alongside a comparative analysis with existing global eddy datasets. Among the multi-year observations, TOEddies captures coherent, long-lived eddies with lifetimes exceeding 1.5 years, while highlighting significant differences in the dynamic properties and spatial patterns across datasets. Furthermore, this study integrates TOEddies with 23 years of colocalized Argo profile data (2000–2023), allowing for a novel examination of eddy-induced subsurface variability and the role of mesoscale eddies in the transport of global ocean heat and biogeochemical properties. This atlas aims to be a valuable resource for the oceanographic community, providing an open dataset that can support diverse applications in ocean dynamics, climate research, and marine resource management.

Pengaruh Penambangan Pasir Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Masyarakat Pesisir: Desa Aeng Batu-Batu

The coastal area in Aeng Batu-Batu Village, Galesong, Takalar Regency is one of the areas whose lives depend on marine products, especially on seaweed cultivation as their main livelihood. However, due to the sea mining activities that began in the area since 2017 to meet the needs of infrastructure projects on the Center Point of Indonesia (CPI) reclamation island, it has had a significant impact on the social life of the local community, a change in income that has decreased from seaweed cultivation which has finally made fishermen switch to looking for other marine biota such as crabs and squid. In the context of social dynamics that occur as a result of mining, it has made changes in the daily activities of the local community, especially in the search for income. In this case, the solidarity of the local community is also an important factor in changing habits that occur after sand mining occurs. Sand mining also triggers coastal abrasion which causes houses in coastal areas to be exposed to abrasion. This research uses qualitative methods that focus on interview techniques, observation and literature review which are used to analyze the effects of sand mining on the coastal communities of Aeng Batu-Batu Village. The results of this study show that coastal sand mining has brought changes to the social dynamics and interaction patterns that exist in the community, especially in the management of marine resources and their place of residence. These results are expected to be material for further attention regarding coastal environmental management policies related to the utilization of natural resources, especially for reclamation needs in order to prevent negative impacts that arise in coastal communities.

VIS-NIR hyperspectral imaging and multivariate analysis for direct characterization of pelagic fish species

The identification of fish species and their physical and chemical characterization play a crucial role in the fishing industry, fish-food research and the management of marine resources. Traditional methods for species identification, such as expert observation, DNA barcoding and meta-barcoding, though effective, require labor-intensive laboratory work. Consequently, there is a pressing need for more objective and efficient methodologies for accurate fish species identification and characterization. This study proposes the use of multivariate analysis and visible-near infrared hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for a rapid characterization of fish, including the evaluation of specific morphological regions of interest (ROIs) in fish images or intrasample spectral variability, species differentiation, and freshness assessment. The study involves three pelagic species: sardine (Strangomera bentincki), silverside (Odontesthes regia) and anchovy (Engraulis ringens). Principal component analysis (PCA), support vector machine regression (SVM-R), partial least squares regression (PLS-R), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied as multivariate techniques for these purposes. Comparative studies of morphological ROIs revealed significant differences between the spectral characteristics of various fish zones. A decrease in reflectance intensity due to freshness loss was detected, and the prediction of this freshness, quantified as “time after capture,” was achievable using SVM-R, with a 9% relative error of prediction. Overall, VIS-NIR HSI, supported by multivariate analysis, enables differentiation between the studied species, highlighting its potential as a robust fish species identification and characterization tool.

Advances in understanding biofilm-based marine microbial corrosion

Abstract Microbially influenced corrosion and biofouling emerge as formidable challenges to the sustainable management and exploitation of marine resources. The primary instigator for these challenges lies in the insidious development of biofilm. Hence, the most direct and pivotal approach to counteracting microbial corrosion and biofouling resides in the advancement of anti-biofilm technologies. Conventional methodologies for combatting biofilm are efficient but have certain drawbacks, particularly environmental contamination and inefficacy. Research into innovative anti-biofilm technologies is imperative for more efficient use of marine resources and protection of the ecological equilibrium of the oceans. This paper offers a detailed examination of biofilm constituents, the complex processes involved in biofilm development, the various factors that affect biofilm formation, and the mechanisms underlying microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Furthermore, the article summarizes emerging, eco-friendly anti-biofilm technologies, while providing the evolving landscape of anti-biofilm strategies and promising prospects.

Scaling‐up community‐based resource management in Solomon Islands

AbstractThis perspective reflects on conservation efforts to increase the coverage of marine protected areas in Solomon Islands. We demonstrate that the current model in which international conservation NGOs provide technical and financial support to pilot projects, from which community‐based resource management will spontaneously spread, is misguided. These site‐based projects typically require substantial financial resources, ignore external threats to coastal ecosystems, and tend to bypass existing governance structures, which makes replication in other areas highly problematic. We argue that to effectively support indigenous peoples and local communities in the management of marine resources and, thereby, achieve biodiversity conservation outcomes at scale, it is necessary to move away from site‐based conservation projects and focus instead on strengthening the capability of government agencies.

Phosphatization in the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (SPSPA), Equatorial Atlantic, Brazil: Insights from guano leaching and chemical weathering

This research explores the phosphatization process in the São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (SPSPA), located in the Equatorial Atlantic, by analyzing the geochemical interactions between guano coatings and the underlying rocks. The study also examines the geochemical characteristics of the substrates, assessing the behavior of major, minor, trace, and rare earth elements, and determines the degree of weathering degradation of guano crusts, speleothems, peridotites and carbonate sedimentary rocks affected by environmental factors as rain, wind and halmyrolysis. The distribution of chemical elements in water-soluble, adsorbed, acid-extractable/exchangeable, readily acid and reducible, acid oxidizable, and residual phases were investigated. The principal findings of this method show that elevated Na levels are leached in water-soluble fractions, thereby highlighting the occurrence of rapid and active geochemical cycling, which is influenced by seawater. In contrast, in more acidic environments (pH close 4.8 to 2.0), considerable amounts of macroelements like P, Fe, Mg, Al, and Mn are found in association with remaining phases, indicating a slower and more incremental geochemical cycle of mature guano in the input and output systems of these nutrients in the archipelago. The mineralogy, as indicated by the presence of mafic minerals such as olivine, augite, and Cr-spinel, as well as phosphates including fluorapatite, collinsite, and spheniscidite, also supports this finding. The findings underscore the complex interplay between biological activities and geochemical processes, which influence the elemental dynamics in the phosphate-rich rocks of the SPSPA at depth. This study not only enhances our understanding of phosphatization processes but also offers important insights into the sustainable management of marine resources in environmentally sensitive areas. The research underscores the necessity of considering biological and environmental variables when examining geochemical cycles, particularly in regions exhibiting distinctive geological and biological interactions that challenge the prevailing models, such as those identified in the ASPSP.