Marine Food Fish Research Articles

Nutritional characteristics of marine food fish carcass waste and machine-separated flesh

Nutritional characteristics of marine food fish carcass waste and machine-separated flesh

7.—William Carmichael M'Intosh, nonagenarian.

SynopsisThe accomplishments and writings by M'Intosh (1838–1931) of St Andrews are recounted in some detail. His major contribution in pure zoology was on marine Annelids, notably the (at that time included) Nemertinea. In fisheries biology his work on the effects of beam-trawling on the Scottish sea-fisheries as directed by a Royal Commission led him to a detailed description of the pelagic eggs and larvae of the major British marine food fishes. From this he came to the conclusion that, with some exceptions, the fauna of the open sea appeared to be independent of man's influence, and in this connection he demanded that regulatory measures be based only on scientific fact. Though his major contributions were in descriptive marine zoology, he never lacked the courage of his convictions on matters of theory and practice.

A Purse Seine for Sampling Juvenile Salmonids

to collect live juvenile salmonids in the $5, 000. limnetic zone in numbers sufficient for assessing migratory behavior. The need Description of Equipment for this sampling equipment arose after conventional floating traps—used successPurse Seine fully along the shorelines of the upper and middle reservoir—failed to take fish in The purse seine, 600 feet long by 35 quantity at the lower end of the impoundfeet deep (600 meshes from floatline to ment. Samples also were required from leadline), was constructed principally of offshore areas of the 57.5-mile-long im3/8-inch (bar measure) knotted nylon webpoundment. Trawling was attempted, but bing (thread size, 210-6). To reduce cost, catches were small and fish were often in the lower 10 feet was made of a cheaper poor condition for marking or tagging. synthetic material of the same mesh size. Unsatisfactory results with trawls led to The bunt end of the seine (figure 1) was consideration of the purse seining techmade of 1/4-inch (bar measure) knotiess pique, nylon to retain salmonids as short as Purse seines. are commonly used for 50 millimeters. Sponge): floats, spaced commercial harvesting of marine food fish 15 inches apart on a floatline, supported and have been described and. illustrated the net in water. About 20 percent hang-in by Knake (1950), McNeely (1961), and was made along the floatline and leadline. Dumont and Sundstrom (1961). Craddock' Purse rings, spaced 18 feet apart, were explored the possibility of using a cornsuspended on polypropylene dropper lines mercial bait seine to capture fingerling from the leadline. The purse line consockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). A sisted of two 325-foot lengths of 1 / 2-thch barge and a small skiff were used, but the nylon rope joined by a 1/4-inch figures attempt was unsuccessful, largely because eight clamp to permit a quick removal. of the lack of auxiliary power equipment from the rings after a set had been cornfor handling the seine. Based in part pleted. on Craddock's experience, a lightweight, small-mesh model of a commercial purse Depressor Weight

Four New Polyonchoineans (Monogenoidea) Parasitic on Gills of Marine Fishes from the Indian Seas

Four new species of monogenetic trematodes belonging to four different families of the subclass Polyonchoinea Bychowsky, 1937 are described. They are Diplectanum narimeen sp. n. of the family Diplectanidae Bychowsky, 1957, parasitic on Lates calcarifer (Bloch); Neocalceostoma arii sp. n. of the family Calceostomatidae (Par. and Per. 1890) Price, 1937, parasitic on Arius sp.; Tylosuricola panikkari gen. et sp. n. of the family Tetraonchidae Bychowsky, 1937, parasitic on Tylosurus leiurus (Blkr.); and Amphibdella narcine sp. n. of the family Amphibdellatidae (Carus, 1885) Bychowsky, 1957, parasitic on Narcine timlei (Bloch and Schn.). Heavy infestation by these gill trematodes was noticed except for Diplectanum narimeen sp. n. During the course of studies on parasites of marine food fishes from the Indian seas, in the Marine Biological Laboratory at Trivandrum (southwest coast of India) and the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute at Mandapam (southeast coast of India), four new species of monogenetic trematodes belonging to the subclass Polyonchoinea Bychowsky, 1937, were collected. These species are described below. The collection and treatment of material was given in a previous work (Unnithan, 1957). Family Diplectanidae Bychowsky, 1957 Diplectanum narimeen sp. n. (Plate I, Figs. 1 to 3) Host: Lates calcarifer (Bloch). Location: Gills. Locality: Mandapam Camp. Date: 25 November 1956. Number of specimens: Five.

New Hemiurids (Trematoda) from Indian marine food fishes

The genus Lecithocladium was erected by Lühe in 1901, with L. excisum (Rud. 1819) as the type species. In addition to the type species, the genus contains L. excisiforme Cohn, 1902, L. gulosum Linton, 1910, L. longicaudum Shen, 1934, L. psenopsis, L. magnacetabulum and L. pagrosomi Yamaguti, 1934, and L. johnii Yamaguti, 1938. L. barbatum Cohn, 1902, has been transferred to the genus Dinurus Looss, 1907, and L. crenatum (Molin, 1859) is regarded by Looss as a ‘species inquirenda’, while Lühe maintains that it is synonymous with L. excisum. The author (1937) has added two more species from Indian hosts to the genus. These are more fully described in the present paper.

New Allocreadiids (Trematoda) from Indian marine food fishes

In the course of an extensive parasitological examination of Indian food fishes the author recovered, amongst others, six specimens of an interesting trematode from the gut of a fish examined at Karachi in June 1936. The trematode, though obviously belonging to the family Allocreadiidae, represents a new genus, Horatrema, and a new subfamily, Horatrematinae. This new genus forms a connecting link between Cymbephallus Linton, in Manter, 1934, and Parva-creadium Manter, 1940, of the subfamily Allocreadiinae, and the type genus Notoporus of the family Notoporidae Yamaguti, 1938. It will be appreciated from the systematic discussion at the end of the paper that the taxonomic status of the family Notoporidae is untenable, and it is, therefore, reduced to the rank of a subfamily, Notoporinae, under the family Allocreadiidae. Further, in view of the presence of a cirrus-sac in Notoporus trachuri Yamaguti, 1938, it has been considered necessary to assign it to a new genus, Neonotoporus

Concerning Fluctuations in Marine Food Fishes

Concerning Fluctuations in Marine Food Fishes

The life-histories of the British Marine Food-Fishes. By William Carmichael M'Intosh F.R.S. Professor, and Arthur Thomas Masterman, Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University of St. Andrews. 8vo. London, 1897. Pp. xvi, 516. Frontispiece, 20 coloured plates, and 45 woodcuts

<i>The life-histories of the British Marine Food-Fishes</i>. By W<scp>illiam</scp> C<scp>armichael</scp> M'I<scp>ntosh</scp> F.R.S. Professor, and A<scp>rthur</scp> T<scp>homas</scp> M<scp>asterman</scp>, Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University of St. Andrews. 8vo. London, 1897. Pp. xvi, 516. Frontispiece, 20 coloured plates, and 45 woodcuts

The Life-Histories of the British Marine Food-Fishes

THE pursuit of economic zoology has never been so keenly taken up in this country as has the corresponding aspect of botany. Whether it is that the purely intellectual problems of zoology are relatively more fascinating than those offered by the study of vegetables, or owing to some more recondite reason, it is certain that zoologists make less capital out of the practical application of zoological science to human needs than do the botanists. There is a fine field open for an economic entomologist who has the energy to avail himself of the endless variety of new material, in the form of “noxious insects,” which is almost daily discovered in our remoter colonies and tropical territories. The life-history of the animals which serve man as food is another and equally important branch of economic zoology. The Life-Histories of the British Marine Food-Fishes. By W. C. McIntosh A. T. Masterman. Pp. 516. (London: Clay and Sons, 1897.)

The Hatchery for Sea Fishes, of the Fishery Board for Scotland at Dunbar

IN recent years, owing to over-fishing, the scarcity of certain important marine food-fishes has become manifest in many countries, and as one way of meeting the constant drain on the fishing grounds, sea-fish hatcheries have been established in the United States, Newfoundland, Canada, and Norway. A year or two ago the Fishery Board for Scotland began the erection of a similar establishment at Dunbar, which has lately been completed; and for the last five or six weeks active operations have been going on in hatching plaice, with complete success, under the charge of Mr. Harald Dannevig, a Norwegian expert, whose services have been obtained by the Fishery Board.

Additional Observations on the Development and Life-Histories of the Marine Food-Fishes, and the Distribution of their Ova

Since the previous communication to the Society by the author and Professor Prince, not a few dubious points have been cleared up, and, by the courtesy of the Fishery Board for Scotland, further investigations on the general subject carried out at the St Andrews Marine Laboratory. Under the former head may be mentioned the large unknown pelagic egg, with a spacious privitelline space, termed Ovum of Pleuronectid B. This has been proved by Mr E. W. L. Holt to be the egg of the Long Rough Dab, so that the ambiguity which has existed since the Trawling Expeditions of 1884 is now at an end. The larval and early post-larval stages of the species have already been described and figured. A more detailed series of observations have also been made on the development of the Lemon Dab or Lemon “Sole,” as it is somewhat ambiguously termed, showing how readily ova can be transmitted long distances, and the larval and post-larval stages reared subsequently. Formerly, only the ovarian egg of Miiller's Topknot was described and figured; now the fertilized and free-floating egg and its development have been studied. Like the egg of the Turbot and Brill, this has an oil-globule. The larva is tinted of a deep gamboge-yellow on head, trunk, and upper part of yolk-sac, while the oil-globule is conspicuous at the posterior and lower part of the yolk by an environment of the same bright hue.

The Life-History of a Marine Food-Fish1

I. IT is but a few years since the life-history of our most important marine food-fishes was involved in considerable obscurity—not only as regards popular views, but even in respect to the knowledge of men of science. Thus, for instance, in the years 1883 and 1884 the almost unanimous opinion of British fishermen was that our common food-fishes sought the shallow water of the bays and inshore ground generally for the purpose of depositing their eggs on the bottom. No observations specially bearing on this point had been made by British zoologists, and a series had to be undertaken for a public inquiry then in progress—with a result which demonstrated how extensive the reverse of the popular notion was. Again, certain comparatively recent authors on British fishes speak of a common fish like the gurnard as spawning twice a year, whereas, after careful observation, no evidence in support of this view has been obtained. The same obscurity veiled the larval and post-larval conditions of most of the food-fishes, even G. O. Sars—in regard to the latter stage—describing no intermediate forms between the larva of 6 mm. and the post-larval stage of 24 mm. in the cod, almost the only fish to which some attention had been paid.