Marine Fisheries Research Articles

A Study on the Evaluation Indicators for the Establishment of Marine Fisheries Safety Education Facilities

A Study on the Evaluation Indicators for the Establishment of Marine Fisheries Safety Education Facilities

Hubungan Kepadatan Gafrarium pecinatum dengan Kualitas Perairan di Perairan Pengudang dan Perairan Dompak, Tanjungpinang Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

This study aims to analyze the relationship between macrozoobenthos Gafrarium pecinatum density and water quality at two water stations determined based on the turbidity of the research location on Sunday, May 26, 2024 in Pengudang waters and Monday, May 27, 2024 in Dompak waters. Field data analysis was carried out in the Marine Biology laboratory of the Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries UMRAH. This study used a random sampling method with sample collection carried out at two predetermined research stations. The results showed that Gafrarium pecinatum is a macrozoobenthos species found in both research locations, with differences in the number of individuals between stations. Evaluation of water quality showed that most of the chemical and physical parameters were still within the established quality standard limits, but the temperature parameter at station 2 slightly exceeded the quality standard limits. Nonetheless, the water conditions at both sites can still be considered suitable to support the life of marine biota. Further monitoring is required to maintain the sustainability of the coastal ecosystem.

Mengoptimalkan Formulasi Pakan Ikan: Meningkatkan Kandungan Protein Dengan Media Ikan ‘Sapu-Sapu’ Sebagai Bahan Baku Industri Perikanan

The decrease in production and the rise in the price of protein feed have increased costs and financial pressure on fish farmers. Data from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries shows production costs have risen by 2.13%. This research aims to provide an alternative to high-protein feed by using suckermouth catfish as an ingredient. The study uses a Research and Development approach with a 4-D model (define, design, develop, disseminate). The sample includes two catfish per participant. Data was collected through monitoring, questionnaires, and expert reviews, using a four-point Likert scale. Results indicate 60% of volunteers observed increased fish growth, 66.7% stated fish health was very good, and 53.3% reported increased feed consumption. However, 66.7% of volunteers rated water quality as poor. Despite this, 60% rated the physical and nutritional quality of the alternative feed as good, and 53.3% rated the benefits and cost as very good. In conclusion, using suckermouth catfish as an alternative feed ingredient can reduce feed costs and improve catfish growth and health, though water quality management needs improvement. These findings offer hope for fish farmers to tackle rising feed prices with a more affordable and sustainable solution.

The Potential of Indonesia's Ship Engine Market to Attract Foreign Investors for Domestic Manufacturing

Indonesia is a prospective country for everyone to decide on an investment. There are four reasons to strengthen the motivation to invest some capital in the maritime industry sector. Moreover, Indonesia has approximately 342 shipbuilding companies and 127 ship component companies which spread out throughout the nation. However, Indonesia has no engine maker company yet and this is an opportunity for all investors who want to establish their own engine company or a branch in this country. The biggest opportunity is in the fishery sector with a growing number of fishing vessels and the Indonesian marine fishery production potential as the largest archipelagic country is still increasing. Furthermore, other opportunities are passenger ships, cargo ships, and tug boats because they have a significant number in the nation. In addition, Indonesia also gives several incentives to new investors, like a tax allowance, a super tax deduction, and an import duty facility. Ultimately, the prospect has been considered to involve responsibilities among shipowners, shipyards, main engine manufacturers, and the government.

FISH APARTMENT AS AN EFFORT TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY AND CONSERVATION OF FISH RESOURCES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The decline in global marine fisheries production has sparked concerns about depletion of fish resources. The innovation developed is the use of fish apartments to increase productivity and conserve fish resources. Fish apartment is useful as fishing media, replacement habitat for damaged coral reefs, nursery ground and feeding ground for fish habitat ecology. Fish apartment can also be an indicator of changes in trophic levels in the food chain in aquatic ecosystems. This research explores the benefits of fish apartment for increasing productivity and conserving fish resources. Descriptive and exploratory research methods were carried out by combining literature and published research results. The benefits of fish apartment as an effort to increase the productivity of fish resources can be seen from the existence of waters that have the potential to become fishing areas which contribute to increasing fish stocks so that catches increase by 80% per year from 2013-2015. The fish apartment can restore damaged aquatic ecosystems because it increases the abundance of 39 types of fish species and improves the fish habitat for the 20 families of coral fish that occupy the fish apartment.

Evolution and Prospects of Freshwater Fish Species and Aquaculture in Colombia: A Historical Perspective

Since the 1970s Colombia has been aware of the importance of aquaculture and inland fisheries in the future of its economy due to the constant increase of a population that is increasingly in need of protein of animal origin. In 1972, a joint project between the Government of Colombia and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations was approved and aimed at studying inland fishing and developing aquaculture in the country. The work of the project is described, as are the fish culture and fisheries research activities starting with the situation in the 1970s but comparing it with recent findings. A list of the main capture and culture fish species is given. Colombian fishing production has had great variations, but first inland water fishing was more important than marine. For instance, in 1972 total fish catch was 104,390 tons and 79% of that originated from inland waters. After the continental fisheries went down, the marine fisheries accounted in 2019 already 78 per cent of the total catch of the country. Mean standing fish crop estimates in 1975‒76 from the bay, open water and vegetation habitats in four floodplain lakes were 118, 12 and 251 kg/ha indicating clearly that the fish productivity on the Magdalena floodplain was relatively low. The aquaculture sector has been growing rapidly, reflecting global trends, and producing more than capture fisheries. Aquaculture produced 88,000 tons in 2013, which was a three-fold increase from the mid-1990s. Again twofold increase took place before 2020 when the production was almost 180,000 tons. Future development prospects of inland fisheries and aquaculture are discussed and a mention is made of the present situation of ornamental fish cultivation and trade in Colombia.

-

Data from the current study was used to analyse the impact of marine heat waves on the quantity and distribution patterns of Iraqi marine fisheries following the recent change in the climate of the northwestern Arabian Gulf. The average annual water temperature and salinity were 26◦C and 38.6 psu, respectively, higher than the averages recorded during previous decades. The dissolved oxygen average was 8.65 psu, and the pH was 8.23. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that temperature and salinity accounted for 66.93% of the effect of the studied factors, while the percentage of dissolved oxygen was 32.81% and the pH was 0.27%. The results showed a decrease in the weight, numbers, and diversity of the fish during the summer compared to the data from previous decades. Supplementary variable analysis showed that the number of species, individuals, and weights of commercial marine fisheries' catches were inversely correlated to water temperature and salinity. Autocorrelation analysis revealed temporal changes in the effect of temperature and salinity on the decline in the number of fish during the summer. It is extremely important that significant progress be made in understanding marine heat waves and the risks they pose to marine ecosystems in order to predict how these systems and the products they provide will be affected.

A New Workflow for Instance Segmentation of Fish with YOLO

The application of deep-learning technology for marine fishery resource investigation is still in its infancy stage. In this study, we applied YOLOv5 and YOLOv8 methods to identify and segment fish in the seabed. Our results show that both methods could achieve superior performance in the segmentation task of the DeepFish dataset. We also expanded the labeling of specific fish species classification tags on the basis of the original semantic segmentation dataset of DeepFish and completed the multi-class instance segmentation task of fish based on the newly labeled tags. Based on the above two achievements, we propose a general and flexible self-iterative fish identification and segmentation standard workflow that can effectively improve the efficiency of fish surveys.

Interannual variability of the East African Coastal Current associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation

Abstract The East African Coastal Current (EACC) is an important western boundary current of the tropical South Indian Ocean and plays an important role in the ocean circulation and biogeochemical cycles in the Indian Ocean. This study investigates the interannual variability of the EACC and its dynamical mechanisms. The result shows that the EACC has interannual variability associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 1993-2017. The EACC shows a significantly positive correlation with the Niño3.4 index with a correlation coefficient of 0.65, lagging the Niño3.4 index by 18 months. During the decaying phases of El Niño (La Niña) events, the negative (positive) sea level anomaly (SLA) propagates westward as upwelling (downwelling) Rossby waves from the southeast Indian Ocean to the southwest Indian Ocean, and then strengthens (weakens) the EACC due to zonal SLA gradient off the East African coast under geostrophic equilibrium. The SLA gradually weakens in the southeast Indian Ocean during its westward propagation but strengthens in the southwest Indian Ocean promoted by local wind stress curl anomaly. This study can improve our understanding of the relationship between the western boundary current of the tropical South Indian Ocean and large-scale ENSO air-sea processes, and is important for managing marine fisheries and ecosystems on the East African coast.

Evaluasi Program Sentra Kelautan Dan Perikanan Terpadu Di Koperasi Nelayan Kecamatan Bunguran Timur Kabupaten Natuna

Natuna Regency is one of the areas that has abundant marine potential and is one of the people's livelihoods. The backwardness of Natuna Regency as a lagging 3T region, foremost, and outermost is one of the obstacles that make Natuna Regency untouched from various assistance programs from the central government in providing assistance to the people in Natuna Regency. The Integrated Marine and Fisheries Center (SKPT) is one of the programs of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries in the development of small islands and spatial-based borders and the marine and fisheries sector as the main driver. The main objective of this SKPT program is to utilize the marine and fisheries potential of Indonesia's outer islands to increase the capacity of the main actors in marine and fisheries and improve the welfare of the main actors in the marine and fisheries sector in a sustainable manner. The research method used descriptive qualitative with the number of informants 3 people. The results of this study are known that: (1) the effectiveness of the integrated marine and fisheries center program in the fishing cooperative of East Bunguran District, Natuna Regency is administratively effective, because the purpose of this program is clear, which is given to cooperatives and distributed to fishermen, (2) aid ships cannot be used because capital is needed and kapa cannot be used in the Natuna Sea, (3) that the adequacy of the integrated marine and fisheries center program in the fishing cooperative of East Bunguran District, Natuna Regency is not sufficient, (4) the assistance vessels provided have been distributed equally to the KUB in East Bunguran District, (5) the community responded positively and very enthusiastic with the assistance of the ship, (6) assistance was distributed appropriately, namely to fishermen in East Bunguran District. The conclusion of the evaluation of the integrated marine and fisheries center program in the East Bunguran District Fisherman Cooperative has not been successful because the assistance vessels provided cannot be used by fishermen with specifications that are not in accordance with the wishes of the community and the conditions of the Natuna Sea.

Population Responses of Blueback Herring to Dam Passage Standards and Additive Mortality Sources

Abstract The management of anadromous fishes is inherently complicated as this suite of species exhibits complex life-histories in multiple habitats and is subject to varying natural and anthropogenic influences during discrete ontogenetic periods. Life-history based simulation models have been increasingly adopted by fishery scientists and managers to help understand potential effects of management decisions on fish populations while incorporating uncertainty in life-history, climate, and other components of resource management systems. We applied one such model to Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis in the Hudson River watershed, NY, USA. Our goal was to better understand influences of historical habitat loss on anadromous fishes and determine to what extent and under what conditions novel habitat created by canal infrastructure might confer increased population abundance. We found that access to historical habitat in the upper Hudson River increased population abundance at all upstream dam passage rates with sufficient downstream survival of adult and juvenile Blueback Herring, but that abundance decreased with increasing upstream passage relative to the “no passage” scenario when downstream survival through dams was not sufficiently high. Access to novel spawning habitat in the Mohawk River canal system resulted in increased abundance of Blueback Herring when downstream survival of adults and juveniles was at least 0.80 per dam and both upstream passage and probability of using the Mohawk River were both greater than about 0.25. Both mortality during upstream passage of locks in the Mohawk River and marine fishery mortality had the potential to reduce Blueback Herring abundance below historical population abundance despite access to novel spawning habitat. These results highlight the complexity associated with effects of upstream and downstream fish passage standards on population responses while emphasizing similarities observed in other diadromous species and watersheds.

High resolution assessment of commercial fisheries activity along the US West Coast using Vessel Monitoring System data with a case study using California groundfish fisheries

Commercial fisheries along the US West Coast are important components of local and regional economies. They use various fishing gear, target a high diversity of species, and are highly spatially heterogeneous, making it challenging to generate a synoptic picture of fisheries activity in the region. Still, understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of US West Coast fisheries is critical to meet the US legal mandate to manage fisheries sustainably and to better coordinate activities among a growing number of users of ocean space, including offshore renewable energy, aquaculture, shipping, and interactions with habitats and key non-fishery species such as seabirds and marine mammals. We analyzed vessel tracking data from Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) from 2010 to 2017 to generate high-resolution spatio-temporal estimates of contemporary fishing effort across a wide range of commercial fisheries along the entire US West Coast. We identified over 247,000 fishing trips across the entire VMS data, covering over 25 different fisheries. We validated the spatial accuracy of our analyses using independent estimates of spatial groundfish fisheries effort generated through the NOAA’s National Marine Fisheries Service Observer Program. Additionally, for commercial groundfish fisheries operating in federal waters in California, we combined the VMS data with landings and ex-vessel value data from California commercial fisheries landings receipts to generate highly resolved estimates of landings and ex-vessel value, matching over 38,000 fish tickets with VMS data that included 87% of the landings and 76% of the ex-vessel value for groundfish. We highlight fisheries-specific and spatially-resolved patterns of effort, landings, and ex-vessel value, a bimodal distribution of fishing effort with respect to depth, and variable and generally declining effort over eight years. The information generated by our study can help inform future sustainable spatial fisheries management and other activities in the marine environment including offshore renewable energy planning.

Carbon footprint in life cycle of marine fisheries at Nizamapatnam and Machilipatnam

Contribution of marine fisheries at at Nizamapatnam and Machilipatnam all stages of its life cycle to climate change in 2017 was studied by determining their carbon footprint.Pre-harvest phase consisted of vessel construction and maintenance and provision of fishing gear, harvest phase included harvest from mechanized and motorized crafts and post-harvest phase involved fish transportation and fish processing. The functional unit selected was 1 kg of marine fish to the consumer.Fuel and electricity consumption was 0.52 l / kg and 0.26 kWh/ kg of marine fish at Nizamapatnam and 0.48 l / kg and 0.21 kWh/ kg of marine fish at Machilipatnam. The C and CO emitted per kg were 0.408 kg C and 1.501 kg CO at Nizamapatnam and 2 2 0.374 kg C and 1.374 kg CO at Machilipatnam.The highest consumption of energy and the highest 2 emissions of CO were observed from the harvest phase. The fuel and electricity consumption and C and 2 CO emissions were in general higher for mechanized landings and lower for motorized landings. By 2 increasing the fuel efficiency of marine diesel engines, by controlling craft speed, by using large propeller with lower revolutions and by reducing the craft drag, reduction in energy consumption and subsequent emissions is possible.. KEYWORDS :Fuel and electricity consumption, CO emission, Marine fisheries, Mechanized and motorized crafts, Nizamapatnam and Machilipatnam

Marine protected areas can increase the abundance of invasive lionfish (Pterois miles)

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) can protect and restore marine biodiversity and fisheries, but there are concerns that they may also benefit invasive species. The spatial and temporal colonization of invasive lionfish (Pterois miles) in the eastern Mediterranean was compared across zones with varying fishing restrictions (no fishing, recreational and commercial fishing, and commercial fishing only), and stations where targeted removal events were conducted by volunteer SCUBA divers. Lionfish density in no fishing areas was nearly double that of areas with commercial fishing only, and over four times greater than in areas where both commercial and recreational fishing were allowed. Lionfish density increased with depth, possibly due to easier human exploitation in shallow waters (0–10 m) that are accessible to recreational spearfishers. Targeted removals by volunteer divers decreased lionfish densities by over 60%, while areas without removals had a 200%–400% increase. Along with management actions, natural and ecological processes might drive lionfish densities within MPAs, and the speed with which lionfish colonized fishery‐restricted zones, emphasized the need for a more sophisticated MPA management strategy that considers invasive species impacts and dynamics in an ecosystem‐based approach.

Dissolved oxygen affinities of hundreds of benthic foraminiferal species

Over the past decades, fossil assemblages of benthic foraminifera have been used to reconstruct the variability of oxygen-depleted areas, including oxygen minimum zones. These areas currently represent almost a tenth of the global oceans' surface area, and further expansion is expected due to global warming; with major impacts on marine ecosystems, biodiversity, and fisheries. To predict their future evolution, accurate estimates and quantification of past oceanic oxygenation are needed, and thus consistent calibration of the O2 estimation transfer functions is required.Here, we combine the BENFEP database that compiles all the benthic foraminiferal census data published for the East Pacific Ocean, with dissolved oxygen data interpolated from the WOA18 and GLODAPV2.2022 databases, to describe the oxygen affinities of the 1526 benthic foraminiferal taxa from the BENFEP database among 1691 samples. The affinities of the most common 202 species of the database are detailed here. For each of these taxa, the range of oxygen concentration, average O2 value where the species is usually found, and O2 value associated with its peak in relative abundance are listed and used to assign each taxon to the oxygen categories anoxic, dysoxic, suboxic, low oxic, and high oxic.Finally, using the relative abundance of each of these five oxygen assemblages and their associated taxa, transfer function indices of dissolved oxygen estimation were refined. The new BFAex extends the range of applicability of the formerly published BFA index, here updated using all the available samples BFAup and extended from 0.04 to 2.58 mL L−1 to 0.02–6.62 mL L−1.

Smart nodding duck: A hybrid Halbach electromagnetic piezoelectric self-powered sensor for smart fisheries

Wave energy harvesting plays a crucial part in promoting the sustainable development of marine fisheries. This paper presents a novel hybrid electromagnetic and piezoelectric Self-powered Sensor, known as the Smart Nodding Duck (SND). The SND consists primarily of two components: an electromagnetic generator (EMG) responsible for power generation and a piezoelectric generator (PEG) dedicated to monitoring purposes. The SND absorbs wave energy through the shell of the nodding duck, while the planetary wheel system forms a coaxial counter-rotating augmentation structure. Also, the Halbach magnetic array serves as the electromagnetic generator, simultaneously exciting the piezoelectric structure to generate voltage signals. These features enable the SND to contribute to the LSTM network modeling self-sensing system, facilitating the monitoring of sea states. To verify the power generation effect of the SND, we conducted bench tests. The results demonstrate that the electromagnetic generator achieves an average output power of 96.26mW under a wave excitation of 0.8 Hz with an amplitude of 80 mm, yielding a power density of 16 W/m3. Furthermore, the self-sensing sea state monitoring model exhibits an impressive accuracy of 99.3 %. Moreover, tank experiment verified the feasibility of the SND, further contributing to the construction of a smart marine fishery Internet of Things.

Spare parts for fisheries surveillance vessels inventory management in Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

This study aims to identify problems and formulate a model for managing spare parts inventory of fisheries supervisory vessels in the Directorate of Fleet Monitoring and Operations, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries to be optimal. The research method is carried out using a qualitative approach. Data collection is done by interviews, field observations and analysis of data and documents. Water inventory management theory (2003) is a theory used to determine the cycle or process of managing spare parts inventory and the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method of Horngren (2016) to determine the optimum order quantity and Analysis of ABC Chin (2017) in Putra (2020 to classify inventory into 3 (three) classes, namely A (very important items), B (items that are quite important), and C (relatively unimportant). This study concluded that the management of spare parts in the POA Directorate has not been optimal due to several factors, namely: 1). Human Resources: operators do not have inventory background, and inventory recording with the SAKTI application requires operator involvement, 2). Method: procurement of spare parts is carried out periodically only once a year, so it cannot anticipate changes in needs, and 3), Machinery (Tools): Parts inventory is still done manually with Ms. Excel. Researchers develop a business process model that includes procurement, inventory, storage, delivery, and use of spare parts to improve the efficiency of parts inventory management.

M-fisheries prototype: Innovating towards evidence-based planning and decision-making in marine fisheries management

Kenya’s marine fisheries sector has the potential for increased growth. However, fisheries managers in Kenya currently face the challenge of poor, missing or aggregated catch data. This paper explores Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based solutions in the fisheries sector. The study adopts exploratory research design. It reports a review and analysis of two ICT-based solutions in the fisheries sector, conducted in the year 2020. From the analysis, the study proposes the development of M-Fisheries Prototype, as an answer to the challenges of the two reviewed solutions. The prototype introduces an SMS/USSD app for data collection. The SMS/USSD app aligns to the mobile-rich but internet-poor context of the fish landing sites, as it addresses the challenges of the other mobile-based systems that only require the use of smartphones. These challenges include infrastructural accessibility, technical usability and internet data costs.

Strategy for Developing Aquaculture Villages in East OKU Regency

East OKU Regency, located in South Sumatra, is one of the largest catfish producers through pond cultivation. Recently, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries designated East OKU Regency as a center for catfish farming, a status formally recognized by officials from South Sumatra and East OKU Regency. The catfish cultivation village spans 1,200 hectares and produces 30 tons annually. To ensure sustainable and environmentally friendly aquaculture practices, and to enhance fish farmers' incomes, effective development strategies are necessary. This research explores strategies for developing aquaculture villages in East OKU Regency. The study employs a case study method, focusing on Belitang District as a representative example of an aquaculture village in South Sumatra Province. A simple random sampling method was used to select 90 farmer groups from a population of 900 fish farmers. The research data were processed and analyzed using SWOT analysis to identify strategies for advancing fish farming villages in East OKU Regency. The findings suggest that the optimal development strategy (SO Strategy) involves providing training and skills related to technology and production systems to boost catfish output. Additionally, strengthening cultivator group institutions is crucial for facilitating the adoption of product quality standards and improving production quality to meet market demands.

The faster the increase in renewable energy use, the faster the decrease in carbon emissions?

AbstractThe annual average near-surface global temperature will temporarily exceed 1.5 °C between 2023 and 2027. If this level is irrevocably exceeded, the functions of marine biodiversity, fisheries, and ecosystems may no longer be maintained. In light of this fact, this paper examines whether a shock-like (rapid and substantial) increase in the proportion of renewable energy sources could result in a precipitous reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. In order to accomplish this, the paper analyzes the magnitude and direction of the asymmetric and symmetric impacts of renewables on CO2 emissions, which represent shock-like and ordinary changes, respectively. Second, the paper examines whether there is a functional complementarity between major renewables in reducing CO2 emissions, and whether this complementarity increases when renewables experience asymmetric shocks. The conclusion of the paper is that the negative impact of renewables on CO2 emissions either (i) remains unchanged when they experience asymmetric shocks or (ii) increases by 60–260 percent or 100 percent, respectively, when they experience these shocks simultaneously or separately, respectively. The paper makes two recommendations to prevent the persistent exceeding of 1.5 °C. First, policymakers should intensify their efforts to rapidly and substantially increase renewable energy consumption in total. Second, they should accomplish this increase in all renewable sources in a balanced fashion so as to maximize their carbon-reduction effects by functionalizing their green complementarities.