Marine Affairs Research Articles

Beyond the Horizon: A Panel Discussion on the Current Educational Challenges Facing the Future Growth of Cruising. Conference Report

ABSTRACT The controversial nature of cruise tourism, due to its potential negative impacts, prompted the discussion panel comprising experts in education, marine affairs, and destination management to talk about the future of cruising and implications for specialized education. This report is based on a panel discussion that took place on 4th of October 2023, during the 39th annual EuroCHRIE conference in Vienna. The panel consisting of four esteemed panelists, representing educators in hospitality, tourism, and cruise, as well as the cruise industry, was invited and moderated by Moderator, who also coordinated the preparation of this report. Through discussions from a wide array of perspectives, the panel aimed to identify and better understand the role of educators and the cruise employers. While a 90-minute session cannot cover all emerging topics around cruising, this report, therefore, is intended to initiate a conversation and debate on the future of cruise education.

Analyzing the Competitiveness of Indonesia's Lobster Exports: Comparative and Competitive Advantages Using RCA and ECI Indices

This research aims to analyze the competitiveness (comparative and competitive advantages) of Indonesia's lobster commodity exports. The data used in this research consists of secondary data in the form of panel data obtained from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the United Nations Commodity Trade (UN Comtrade), and the International Trade Center (ITC). Comparative advantage is measured using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index, and competitive advantage is measured using the Export Competitiveness Index (ECI). The findings reveal that Indonesia holds a stronger comparative advantage in lobster exports compared to Vietnam, with an average RCA value of 25.46 for Indonesia and 13.08 for Vietnam. Similarly, Indonesia demonstrates higher competitive advantage, as indicated by an average ECI value of 3.57 compared to Vietnam's 3.28. However, Indonesia's ECI values have shown fluctuations in recent years, highlighting periods of declining competitive advantage due to export policies and international market conditions. The findings provide policymakers with insights to develop balanced policies that ensure both environmental sustainability and economic growth. Additionally, it highlights the critical need for ongoing, granular analysis of export dynamics, particularly in the context of the Southeast Asian market.

Evaluation of the Effect of Various Substrates on the Attachment of Juvenile Brown Mussel (Mytilopsis adamsi)

Brown mussel (Mytilopsis adamsi) is a potential alternative feed for lobster and crustacean aquaculture in Indonesia, with a balanced nutritional content of 13.29% protein and 80.30% water content, and does not compete with human food needs. This study was conducted because brown mussels are not consumed by humans so they can be concentrated as lobster feed without competing food sources. Cultivating brown mussels is expected to increase lobster productivity in Indonesia and provide consistent fresh feed for cultured lobsters. The development of brown mussels as lobster feed is also encouraged by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) to overcome the problem of inconsistent feed supply and improve feed quality for lobsters. This study aimed to assess the effect of four types of substrates (80% paranet, PE rope, white net, and paris cloth) on the attachment of juvenile brown mussels for 30 days at BPBL West Lombok, using a completely randomized design with 6 replicates. The results showed that PE rope had the highest attachment density in the water column (1.62 fish/cm2) and at the bottom of the container (6.91 fish/cm2). The absolute growth rate was recorded in white netting (860 µm for AP length and 1630.17 µm for DV), while the highest specific growth rate was found in paris cloth for AP (0.154%/day) and PE rope for DV (0.186%/day). It can be concluded that the study showed that PE rope was the best substrate in terms of density. White Net excelled in the absolute growth of brown mussel juveniles. Fabric stood out for AP length-specific growth rate, while rope performed best for DV-specific growth rate. The substrate at the bottom of the container consistently gave better results than that in the water column. Further research is recommended to assess the effect of varying attachment density on other substrate types, as well as longer rearing duration.

Building a sustainable institutional model for ornamental fish farming export villages in Indonesia

ABSTRACT Despite its great fisheries biodiversity, Indonesia is not the world's largest ornamental fish exporter. To improve export competitiveness, it is also necessary to strengthen the cluster competitiveness through institutional development. Indonesia contains several ornamental fish-producing regions, and the government has designated several aquaculture farming villages, including four regions for ornamental fish farming. This research aims to build a sustainable institutional model of an ornamental fish farming export village (OFFEV) that is expected to increase Indonesia's ornamental fish exports. The study utilized the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology. This approach aims to ascertain the hierarchical prioritization of stakeholders and the requisite programme stages for achieving the success of the OFFEV initiative. Through identification, judgment, and validation from 18 experts who participated in the study, the results reveal that the fisheries department, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, trade attachés, customs, and research institutions can drive the OFFEV. Short-term programmes are the main priorities, including sustainable cultivation and quarantine assistance, cooperative establishment, facilities and infrastructure support, broodstock aid, funding, product marketing training, and partnership programmes. Finally, based on the ISM results and expert opinion, we built an OFFEV model centred on export-oriented Village-Owned Enterprises or multi-party cooperatives.

Analysis of Supervision Forms for Communities Carrying Out Destructive Fishing in West Sulawesi Waters

The behavior of fishermen engaging in harmful practices, such as bombing and use forbidden fishing gear, adversely affect the sustainability of the marine ecosystem. The legal question addressed in this article is to the kind of monitoring exercised by the community engaged in destructive fishing in the waters of West Sulawesi. The oversight of the community engaged in destructive fishing is characterized by inherent supervision from the Provincial and Regency Marine and Fisheries Service, internal oversight by the Regional Office of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, and external supervision by the Water and Air Police (Polairud). However, the supervision of destructive fishing in the waters of West Sulawesi is notably ineffective, with patrols occurring only in response to reports from fellow traditional fishermen to the government

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Budidaya Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Desa Sukamantri, Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor

Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish known for its high tolerance to environmental conditions, low water quality, and ability to adapt well to various situations. Data from the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries shows that tilapia production in Indonesia has increased significantly, from 1,172,633.38 kg in 2020 to 1,300,529.23 kilograms in 2021, with a percentage increase of 10.90%. The community strongly influences the local economy and food security. Tilapia farming is widely chosen because it has a stable selling price and fast growth. Many farmers have chosen Tilapia farming as their primary source of livelihood. This research aimed to study the socio-economic conditions, difficulties, and development opportunities of tilapia farming in the community. The results show that although this business contributes significantly to family income, there are several constraints, such as fluctuating market prices, limited access to technology, and low aquaculture skills. In addition, the success of aquaculture is also affected by environmental conditions and resource availability. Therefore, a development plan that includes training, access to capital, and improved infrastructure is needed to improve yields and the welfare of the tilapia farming community.

Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Mewujudkan Strategi Coastal Defense dengan pendekatan Anti-Access Area Denial (A2/AD) Sebagai Pertahanan Di Kawasan Indonesia

This study examines Indonesia’s coastal defense policy using an Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2/AD) strategy to protect its coastal regions. The A2/AD approach is adapted to the geographical characteristics of Indonesia as an archipelagic state, involving maritime radar surveillance, strengthening coastal patrol fleets, and developing access denial tactics in strategic areas like the Malacca Strait and the North Natuna Sea. Key threats, such as foreign vessel infiltration and illegal activities, drive the adoption of this strategy. A qualitative method is employed, analyzing policy documents, including the Indonesian Navy’s Strategic Plan, interviews with relevant officials, and case studies of the Nusantara Maritime Surveillance System (SPILN). The analysis reveals progress in infrastructure development, such as coastal base construction and defense equipment modernization. However, challenges remain, particularly in inter-agency coordination involving the Navy, Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla), and the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, as well as limited resource allocation. The Fast Patrol Boat program exemplifies these issues, with operational constraints due to inadequate integration with national surveillance systems. Recommendations include enhancing policy synergy through a unified command center, optimizing maritime defense budgets, and improving tactical training for coastal units. These findings aim to guide policymakers in formulating a more effective coastal defense strategy to safeguard Indonesia’s maritime sovereignty and security.

Evaluation of the Suitability of ASN Functional Positions Towards Law No. 5 of 2014 Concerning State Civil Apparatus: Case Study at the Marine and Fisheries Service of the Kepulauan Riau Province

The career development of functional officers within the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (DKP) in Kepulauan Riau Province is essential to achieving a dynamic and professional civil service system. Functional positions, which are pivotal for enhancing public service efficiency, face challenges in terms of qualifications, training access, and performance evaluations. This study aims to assess the alignment of career development practices at DKP Kepulauan Riau with Indonesia's Law No. 5 of 2014 on the State Civil Apparatus. Using a qualitative descriptive method, primary data were gathered through interviews with functional officers, while secondary data included official organizational documents. The findings reveal that while career development aligns with the legal framework, significant challenges persist. Limited budgets restrict access to essential training and competency development programs, forcing many officers to self-finance their professional growth. Additionally, the absence of a provincial-level performance evaluation team delays the appraisal process, creating obstacles in career progression. Functional officers also face issues related to uneven staff distribution across regions and a lack of systematic institutional support for training and development. These factors hinder the optimization of their roles and responsibilities. This study concludes that addressing financial constraints, establishing a localized performance appraisal team, and implementing structured training programs are critical to improving career pathways for functional officers. By aligning career development strategies with organizational needs and providing adequate institutional support, DKP Kepulauan Riau can enhance its workforce's professionalism, contributing to sustainable maritime and fisheries management in the region.

Analysis of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Patterns in Arafura Waters Using Google Earth Engine (GEE) for Early Detection of Environmental Threats

Global warming that is happening today can result in an increase in sea surface temperatures. High sea surface temperatures can potentially disrupt the stability of ecosystems in Arafuru Waters. The waters of Arafuru are located in the south of Papua and border the country of Australia. This study aims to analyze the increase in sea surface temperature in waters using a satellite image processing method with Google Earth Engine (gee) software in a span of one year in 2021. The results obtained in this study are that the sea surface temperature value is around 28-300C which is in the medium category according to the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. In this study, it is expected to be able to deal with environmental threats caused by rising sea surface temperatures, especially marine life.

Legal Review of Ship Certification After the Issuance of Law Number 11 of 2020 Concerning Job Creation

This research examines the shift in authority and processes related to the certification of fishing vessels in Indonesia after the enactment of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the legal force and implications of the transfer of authority from the Ministry of Transportation to the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) in issuing fish vessel certifications. Using a normative juridical approach, this study investigates the procedural changes, challenges, and impacts of the new regulatory framework on fishing vessel safety and compliance. The findings show that the Job Creation Law simplifies licensing procedures while ensuring the safety and seaworthiness of fishing vessels. However, the study also highlights the challenges posed by a shortage of qualified inspectors, leading to delays in the certification process. This research underscores the need for regulatory adjustments and additional inspector training to align the maritime sector with the law’s goal of promoting safety and business efficiency.

Projected Economic Impact of Sediment Removal Programs at Priority Locations

Removing marine sediment is a Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries program regulated by Government Regulation No. 26 of 2023. Five priority locations have been designated for the removal of marine sediment: Riau Islands Province, West Java Province, East Kalimantan Province, Central Java Province, and East Java Province. This study uses input-output analysis to measure and compare the economic impacts of sediment removal activities on the economies of these five provinces. The input-output table results show that the highest output multiplier for sediment removal activities is in East Kalimantan Province with a value of 1.48, while the lowest is in the Riau Islands Province with a value of 1.22. The highest income multiplier is also found in East Kalimantan Province with a value of 0.3710, followed by Riau Islands Province with a value of 0.3513. In East Kalimantan and Riau Islands, sediment removal is a key sector with strong forward linkages to other sectors but weak backward linkages. One strategy to enhance the economic impact of sediment removal is for the government to spend non-tax state revenue (PNBP) from this activity on key sectors in each province.

Key Factors of Good Aquaculture Pratices (GAP) Management on Shrimp Pond

The shrimp farming industry is a major pillar in the global fisheries economy, its high demand in the international market is a potential for gaining quick profits. However, the use of intensive cultivation technology by large farmers has been suspected in contributing to environmental damage. In light of this, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries has implemented a sustainable fisheries development program with the goal of overcoming this negative impact, this includes the implementation of Good Aquaculture Practices (GAP) in accordance with Ministerial Regulation Number: PER.19/MEN/2010 concerning quality control and safety of fishery products. The purpose of this study was to analyze key factors in the application of Good Aquaculture Practices to shrimp farming. This study used a mixed method approach. Data were obtained from shrimp pond experts who joined the East Java shrimp entrepreneur community. The data analysis method used was the Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) structural analysis. The results showed that 2 variables had been shown to be the most influential and became the main drivers in the application of Good Fish Farming Practices management in shrimp farming, these variables are the "Use of Chemicals, Biological Materials, and Fish Medicines (UCBF)" and "Harvest" (HV).

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemberian Bantuan Kepada Nelayan Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW)

Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Bengkulu Province is one of the government agencies in Bengkulu Province. At Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Bengkulu Province there are several assistance programs from the government, one of which is the provision of assistance to fishermen which is carried out every year, and the processing of recipient data is still done manually. The decision support system for providing assistance to fishermen can assist the Department of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Bengkulu Province in processing data on providing assistance to fishermen and providing information output from the results of data processing, and can help make decisions to determine the provision of assistance to fishermen which is carried out annually based on the results of an assessment using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. Based on test data as many as 10 groups of fishermen after being processed through the SAW Method, the final results obtained are 5 groups of fishermen who are eligible to receive assistance, including Sabar Menanti, Pulau Indah, Taman Sari, NPM I, and Burung Camar Dua which are recommended to get assistance provided by the government. Based on the black box testing that has been done, it is found that the functionality of the application runs as expected and the application is able to display the results of the fishermen group assessment through the SAW Method stages.

Unexpected social change: The transformation of the Pati Regency’s coastal community due to the Indonesian government’s trawl restriction policy

Abstract Indonesia’s developmental endeavors, with a focal point on Java Island, presented an overarching concern for the excessive depletion of its coastal and maritime reservoirs. This fundamental notion laid the groundwork for Indonesian governmental actions in 2015 under the stewardship of Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Susi Pujiastuti. During this period, a proactive measure was introduced, entailing the imposition of fishing limitations within the Northern Java Sea vicinity. Embodied within the Ministerial Regulation of Marine Affairs and Fisheries No. 2 of 2015, the restriction of Deploying Trawl and Seine Nets within Indonesian Fishery Management Zones became a tangible manifestation aimed at upholding the preservation of coastal and maritime resources. After an approximate span of eight years since the enforcement of this policy, noteworthy transformations have transpired within the northern Java capture fisheries sector. Comprehensive interviews, meticulous observations, and scrutiny of documents within the Pati Regency (particularly in the Juwana sub-district) within the Central Java province revealed discernible shifts within coastal communities in a relatively brief span. Employing the social-ecological system framework, an analytical lens was cast upon the repercussions of this governmental restriction policy on the circumstances of the Juwana sub-district’s coastal communities, notably the fishermen. The curtailment imposed on fishing apparatus compelled fishermen to modernize and enhance the efficiency of their equipment. The evolving working ethos of the community trended toward collective endeavors and opportunistic pursuit of commercial prospects. Nevertheless, simultaneous challenges surfaced, including societal disparities amidst coastal communities, the marginal involvement of local governance, and the plausible peril of ecosystem detriment beyond the initial boundaries.

Application of Measured Fishing Method in Kei Islands, Maluku Province

As an implementation of Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2023 concerning Measured Fishing in Indonesian waters, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries is implementing a priority program agenda by implementing the measured fishing method (Penangkapan Ikan Terukur/PIT) in a number of waters in Indonesia in zone classification. Measured Fishing is a controlled and proportional fishing practice, carried out in special zones with certain quotas to maintain the sustainability of fish resources and their ecosystems. The implementation of this PIT method has been carried out in the province of Maluku, Kei Islands which are included in zone 3. This policy is a response to the serious challenges faced in marine fisheries management, including overfishing and ecosystem degradation. With clear regulations, it is hoped that it can reduce pressure on fish populations and support sustainable economic growth for coastal communities. The implementation of this policy requires support and collaboration between the government, fisheries business actors, academics, and the community to ensure its success. Evaluation and scientific research will be key in measuring the impact and effectiveness of this policy, as well as in identifying areas of improvement needed to improve the sustainability of the fisheries sector in Indonesia for a better future.

Navigating Inclusive Waters: Blockchain-Based Insurance Services for Indonesian Fisherfolk through Multi-Stakeholder Approach

Fishermen often encounter occupational hazards and equipment damage in their pursuit of a marine bounty. To address these risks, the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) collaborated with Jaminan Asuransi Indonesia (Jasindo) to provide Fishermen Insurance Premium Assistance (BPAN). However, the unequal distribution of insurance and fishermen's limited understanding of risk protection have hindered the widespread enrollment in BPAN. Thus, an inclusive program is needed to increase the number of registered fishermen to insurance and manifest an effective insurance service process. This qualitative descriptive study seeks to grasp the phenomenon of inadequate insurance distribution among fishermen in Indonesia. Data is gathered through documentary and literature reviews. The proposed solution is Netfisher, an inclusive blockchain-based insurance service program tailored for fishermen. Blockchain technology can integrate large volumes of data and decentralize it, minimizing the likelihood of fraud occurrences. Under this program, KKP will collaborate with Jasindo to expand insurance coverage, utilize Microsoft Azure for blockchain adoption, and collaborate with relevant stakeholders to deter fraud. Premium payments and claims distribution will be facilitated through mobile banking. As a result, the distribution of fishermen's insurance will be more equitable, safeguarding fishermen's economic well-being and expediting progress towards Sustainable Development Goals 8.

Enhancing Students’ Science Literacy through Megedong-Gedongan: A Balinese Local Culture-based Flipbook

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Balinese megedong-gedongan local culture-based flipbook in enhancing science literacy among students. This research aims to increase scientific literacy through flipbooks based on Balinese culture, especially megedong-gedongan. Mastery of scientific literacy opens the door to various job opportunities in science, technology, and innovation. In the digital and knowledge-based era, the demand for human resources with a strong understanding of science and technology continues to increase. Employing a classroom action research methodology, the study involved 47 Biology and Marine Affairs students at the Ganesha University of Education, Indonesia. The study used a valid and reliable scientific literacy test as an instrument. The results reveal that the Bali megedong-gedongan flipbook effectively improved science literacy. This is evidenced by a significant increase in student science test scores after using the flipbook. The data analysis results show that using megedong-gedongan Balinese culture-based flipbooks can significantly increase student scientific literacy. In addition, students more easily relate learning material to their daily lives, which impacts increasing scientific literacy. This research suggests that integrating local culture into science teaching materials can effectively increase scientific literacy among students.

ANALYSIS OF EXPORTS OF FIVE MAIN FISHERY PRODUCT COMMODITIES IN BATAM CITY USING THE MARKOV CHAIN MODEL

Indonesia, an archipelagic country, boasts significant potential in the fisheries sector, notably in the export of fishery products. Batam as a free trade zone plays a major role in Indonesia's fishery product exports. According to the Central Statistics Agency's data, there has been a 2.47% decline in fish and shrimp exports in January and February 2023 compared to January 2022. Therefore, further analysis is needed on projected exports of fishery products in Batam. This study focuses on the utilization of the Markov chain model to analyze the export dynamics of Batam City's primary fishery product commodities, including Seaweed, Fish, Shrimp, Crab, and Shellfish. Monthly export data for Batam City's fishery products throughout 2021-2023 sourced from The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Based on these data, the transition probability matrix will be calculated based on the number of export transitions below and above the Moving Average (MA 12) value. The Markov chain model for this case is an erdogic Markov chain model, in order that the limiting probability of the Markov chain model can be determined. The result shows that exports of fish, shrimp and crab in the long term will exceed the average export size in the past year each after 7 months, 11 months, and 14 months later respectively, while exports of seaweed and shellfish in the long term will be below the large average exports in the past year after 15 and 5 months. This research result offer valuable insights for the government to formulate strategies and policies concerning fishery product exports

Financial Statement Analysis to Assess Financial Performance at the Fish Quarantine Center, Jakarta II Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Quality Control, and Product Safety

With regard to efficacy, efficiency, and growth, the objective of this research is to assess the financial standing of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries' Jakarta II Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency for the years 2021–2023. Financial Statements for the years 2021–2023 are the data used in this analysis. Documentation and literature review are the methods utilized to obtain data. This study employed descriptive qualitative data analysis using growth ratios, effectiveness, and efficiency. The findings demonstrated that the Jakarta II Fish Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Center had generally demonstrated strong financial management. This may be observed from the effectiveness ratio calculation results, which are classified as effective because the average effectiveness is over 100%, or 113.51%, and as less efficient because the average efficiency is below 100%, or 62.65%. With a negative number, the growth ratio falls into the bad group.

A value chain and SWOT analysis for optimizing the self-sufficiency of fish feed to strengthen freshwater aquaculture production in Indonesia

This study evaluates the aquafeed self-sufficiency sector in Indonesia, aiming to provide policy recommendations for optimizing freshwater aquaculture production. The study engaged 1005 participants, including 204 self-sufficient aquafeed producers and 801 fish farmers, covering 88% of the regions where the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries promotes aquafeed self-sufficiency, conducted in 30 Indonesian provinces. The majority of on-farm and small-scale feed manufacturers continue to operate successfully (91%), with a minor portion discontinuing (9%). Aquafeed products incorporating local ingredients prove cost-effective and receive high acceptance among fish farmers. The sustainability of the aquafeed self-sufficiency sector is closely linked to local ingredient availability, operational aquafeed manufacturing plants, product quality, human resource capabilities, and government policies. The study presents policy recommendations to address these issues, encompassing measures such as ensuring ingredient supply sustainability, providing a mobile laboratory for ingredient and feed analysis, enhancing human resource quality through training, facilitating easier access to financial support, and strengthening central-local government coordination to optimize the aquafeed self-sufficiency program. The rise of the national fish production target from freshwater aquaculture has attracted great attention in the improvement of the aquafeed sector since the sustainability of aquafeed supply is the main driver for the success of aquaculture production.