Marginalization Of Women Research Articles

Climate Change Intersecting Socio-economic Vulnerabilities of Kalash Indigenous Community in Nothern Pakistan

Climate Change has a significant effect on all walks of life or human activities across the world. However, indigenous communities in different parts of the world are more susceptible to the worst effects of climate change due to their dependency on natural resources. Climate change directly affects natural resources such as forests, water, grazing land, bio-diversity and traditional foods of indigenous communities. This study explores how climate change overlaps or intersects the socio-economic, and bio-cultural marginality of the Kalash indigenous community, living in northern Pakistan. The qualitative research paradigm was used to explore how climate change overlaps or intersects the socio-economic marginality of the Kalash Indigenous community. It reveals that climate change has significantly affected natural resources such as water, biodiversity, forests and crops of Kalash's indigenous community. Climate-induced natural disasters affected their livelihood resources and compelled them to migrate or be displaced from their native town. It reveals that climate change also affects women's marginality in Kalash's indigenous community. It also reveals that climate change overlaps and intersects with the socio-economic marginality of Indigenous communities and policymakers should give priority to indigenous communities who have a dependency on natural resources to protect them from the worst effect of climate change across the world.

Tensions of Making Women's Marginalization Salient in Men-Dominated Workplaces

Why might women who experience gender-based bias and harassment at work shy away from efforts to address gender inequality in their workplaces? Drawing on data from 52 interviews with women working in the Silicon Valley tech industry, I show that efforts to address women's marginalization in the men-dominated tech industry are complicated by the inscription of negative, gender essentialist stereotypes about women into narratives about why such initiatives are necessary. Interviewees voiced two rationales for not explicitly challenging women's marginalization. First, some women—particularly those whose race/ethnicity and age were typical of Silicon Valley tech workers—articulated a concern that such efforts may be interpreted as evidence that women are fundamentally different from, and deficient relative to, men. Second, women across race/ethnicity and age conveyed the concern that such efforts frame women as disempowered victims lacking agency. Both concerns represent a double bind: ignoring the marginalization that women face maintains a status quo rife with gender bias, but seeking to address it risks further entrenching negative stereotypes about women. These results illustrate both the durable nature of the gender status hierarchy and the unique ways that women of different intersecting identities confront it.

Marginalization of Women's Identity in a Matrilineal Community: A Study of Semende Community in South Sumatra, Indonesia

This paper explored the marginalization of women in the Semende community, which is claimed to be matrilineal. According to Semende custom, the eldest daughter is given the power to inherit, manage, and utilize the family’s assets of housing and agricultural land. Those women are known as the tunggu tubang. However, according to custom, Semende males are also given the authority to influence the inheritance management carried out by the appointed women. The Semende custom allows the men to “judge” and test the appointed women to see if they are unable to carry out the management of the inheritance and even gain legitimacy if they want to manage the inherited property. This custom suggests that the Semende woman’s claim to have power over the inheritance must be questioned. The customary legitimacy of men being allowed to take over the inheritance if needed also confirms that the Semende females have been lulled away from their position as inheriterse. They appear to have the power over the inheritance, but in reality, they have been marginalized in the social structure of their society. For this reason, this article tries to describe the basis for the justification for taking over authority and power from women and the implications for the inherited customs of property and the social structure of the Semende community. Keywords: inheritere; male domination; marginalization; matrilineal community; Indonesia

Marginalisasi Perempuan Dalam Novel Nyutrayu Karya Joko Gesang Santoso

The purpose of this research is to describe the marginalization of women in the novel "Nyutrayu" by Joko Gesang Santoso. The research method used is qualitative descriptive method. The presentation technique of the research results uses the note-taking technique. The results show various forms of women's marginalization such as women becoming victims of patriarchal power where men hold more authority, the belief that women should not surpass men, being ostracized due to physical differences such as having blue eyes which creates the perception that blue-eyed individuals are foreigners and not indigenous, the attitude of demeaning women leading to their social exclusion, and the impoverishment causing women to lose their belongings. Female characters experiencing marginalization in the novel "Nyutrayu" include Aran, Sumi, and Lara, which can be seen through their behavior, dialogues, portrayal through other characters, thoughts, and dialogues among characters. These characters experience marginalization, leading them to choose a life of silence, gouging out their own eyes to avoid seeing others' past and future, resigning themselves to being objectified by men to satisfy male sexuality, and allowing themselves to be marginalized by living on the outskirts of a village far from the community.

Gendered expectations and the framing of Afghan women in peacebuilding: a critical discourse analysis

ABSTRACT Despite the invaluable role that women play in the peacebuilding process, statistics still show this as a male-dominated field. Since media narratives have the power to frame reality providing the public with preferred lenses to understand it, this study asks, How do media narratives frame the role of Afghan women in conflict resolution? To address this question, we combine Frame Theory (Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58) and Critical Discourse Analysis (van Dijk, T. A. (2015). Critical discourse analysis. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton, & D. Schiffrin (Eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (pp. 466–485). Wiley Blackwell) to explore media narratives before and after the Taliban came into power in August 2021. The samples include 32 articles published between 2018 and 2022 on different sources ranging from traditional news outlets to magazines, newsrooms, intergovernmental organizations, and think tanks. Findings show that media narratives perpetuate unfair gendered expectations, failing to effectively render the irreplaceable role of women in peacebuilding. Frames confirm the double bind of hegemonic femininity (Schneiker, A. (2021). The UN and women's marginalization in peace negotiations. International Affairs, 97(4), 1165–1182) as women are subject to different expectations – the exception presents them as courageous, yet the norm frames them as being too vulnerable and without a voice.

Marginalization of Women in Marriage: A Study of Shashi Deshpande’s The Dark Holds No Terrors and That Long Silence

Marginalization in society is not confined to limitations of opportunities to grow independently and lack means of endurance. It refers to the creation of an environment in which the individual is made to feel pride even in slavery. Marginalization in the case of women is more pronounced as it is not limited to any caste, creed or religion. It is a universal phenomenon and marriage as an institution is one of the basic foundations on which the marginalization of women is culturally strengthened. Marriages are a pivotal part of every society. By conforming to the institution of marriage, two distinct minds take oaths to stick by each other’s side lifelong. But in reality, the institution of marriage replicates the other side of patriarchal domination which contributes to the peripheral status of women. They are subjected to inevitable suppression, subjugation, and oppression in the environs of the marital frame regardless of the renunciation and forsaking of individuality by the woman for the sake of family. They are the victim of sheer oppression and violence due to their vulnerable status from time immemorial. In this paper, an attempt has been made to bring forth the hardships of marital life and how it assists in the marginalization of women with reference to the works of Shashi Deshpande. Her works of fiction, The Dark Holds No Terrors (1980) and That Long Silence (1988) aptly elucidate the issues of marital discord and disharmonious conjugal relationships which career-oriented women experience in their day-to-day existence. Women helplessly oscillate between traditional codes and modern aspirations, bearing the pangs of dead desires and unexpressed thoughts in public as well as domestic spheres. Characterization of women like Sarita and Jaya delineate the marginalization of women in a poignant and powerful manner.

Kontribusi Petani Perempuan Dalam Proses Pertanian Padi di Desa Marampiau Kabupaten Tapin

Women in Marampiau Village play a role and contribute to the family's socio-economy by farming rice. This research aims to analyse the contribution of women farmers in the process of rice farming. The theories used in this research are women and development proposed by Mosse, as well as gender theory and women's marginalisation. This research uses a qualitative approach, with the type of field research. The research was conducted in Marampiau Village, Candi Laras Selatan District, Tapin Regency. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results show that women farmers in Marampiau Village generally do not experience discrimination. When they work in the fields, the portion they do will be the same as men, from the beginning of land clearing, seed sowing, rice planting to harvesting. Likewise, the wages received, both men and women receive the same amount of wages, namely 60 thousand to 65 thousand per day. Working in agriculture is an occupational choice that many women in Marampiau Village make. Apart from the favourable environmental conditions, the factor of their husbands working as farmers also encourages them to work to help their husbands. In this study, it can be concluded that in the Marampiau Village community there is no discrimination against women farmers, but a division of labour between women and men. Indeed, this research is expected to be able to deliver new knowledge that marginalisation does not always occur in a society. In farming families in Marampiau Village, what happens is the process of division of labour carried out to ease the family's economic burden.

Folk Horror and Witchcraft: Exploring the Rhetoric of Tribal Evil Tradition and Marginalization of Women in Baso-jhi by Sowvendra Sekhar Hansda and Reincarnation of Parasuram by Anil Ghorai

Sowvendra Sekhar Hansda, a writer from Jharkhand and an ethnic member of the Santhal community, and Anil Ghorai, a Bengali writer have come forward with their powerful literary oeuvre to bring to the surface the helpless agonies of marginalized subalterns and Adivasi women and allow them a voice against the oppression and violence. Both the writers possess extraordinary knowledge and firsthand experience of tribal culture, tradition and practices. They were very much conscious about the bleak ground reality of oppression and abashment practiced either by the money-minded bourgeois class in the name of progress or by the rest of the society under casteism. And when this subjugation comes to the women, different layers began to be added. The most exploited and primitive weapon in this regard comes in the version of witchcraft, black magic and sorcery within their segregated society and which is already fighting against so much odds. The present article attempts a critical appraisal of ‘Baso-jhi’ by Sowvendra Sekhar Hansda and ‘Reincarnation of Parasuram’ by Anil Ghorai to bring to the surface the layered patriarchal marginalization of women within their community and the menace that this barbaric practice of witch hunt exercises upon womenfolk and finally the horror that embodies the entire folk existence.

The fundamental causal factors and persistence of women's marginalization in Nigeria: a challenge to the Nigerian State, 2007-2010.

The topic of Nigerian women’s marginalization has been thoroughly covered in a lot of current literature, but there is still a gap as seen by the scarcity of academic discourses on the underlying causes of gender power differences and the resulting disadvantages for Nigerian women. In this light, the paper explores the causes and historical evolution of the social, economic, and political factors in Nigeria working against women’s empowerment. This is in the context of the obstacles these forces posed to achieving the goals of President Yar’Adua’s Seven-Point Agenda, as they affected women’s empowerment. This paper explores how sex roles, biological disparities, and some historical events interact to explain why women have been disadvantaged in Nigeria since the pre-colonial era. Given the lackluster antecedents to the needs for gender equity of the Nigerian female gender, the paper asserts that the ramifications of women’s historical marginalization provide a significant challenge to Yar’Adua’s administration, and to date, the plight of Nigerian women has remained the same, more or less.

Exploring the Demand for Microinsurance among Marginalized Women in Bangladesh

Recently, microinsurance has drawn much interest as a possible instrument to shield people experiencing poverty from significant shocks. However, there has been little voluntary demand, which raises questions about whether microinsurance would be effective as a risk management tool. This article aims to pinpoint the elements that affect the demand for microinsurance among Bangladeshi women employed in the informal sector, who are particularly susceptible to a variety of economic risks. On a sample size of 829 from around the country, the authors have conducted a logit analysis and identified fourteen factors classified under four broad categories that affect microinsurance demand for marginalized women. The result of this study will advance the field’s understanding of building microinsurance products and regulatory frameworks that consider the needs of disadvantaged women and assist them in obtaining the social protection necessary to sustain them over the long term

Vulnerability and Vulnerance: Marginalization of Women in 1 Timothy 2:12-15

Did 1 Timothy 2:12-15 serve to marginalize women? From a feminist and vulnerability standpoint, we suggest reinterpreting the text with using Leo G. Perdue Biblical Theology concept. In terms of vulnerance, Paul restricts the role of women for the sake of the salvation of the Christian community in Ephesus under the shepherding of Timothy. From a perspective of vulnerability, women's restriction can be attributed to the issue of inequality, the hierarchical structure of control and subjugation by the wealthy during that era, and the susceptibility of women to be misled by heretical beliefs at the time. The passage 1 Timothy 2:12-15 provides insight into the cultural marginalization of women during that era. Therefore, the present-day Christian community must actively advocate for gender equality by addressing the underlying factors that contribute to the marginalization of women.

Rural Land Governance and Women Marginalisation in Amhara Regional State

Abstract Women have international and national rights to use, control, transfer, and inherit rural land. Unless laws and institutions are strong enough, women’s land rights can’t be effectively discharged. Moreover, the different socioeconomic status of women highly affects their land rights. This study has the objective of exploring land acquisition, landholding, and land transfer rights and practical challenges in North Mecha Woreda. The study has applied phenomenological qualitative research design. The findings show that the status of land acquisition, control, inheritance, and use is highly affected by the socioeconomic status of women. Moreover, women’s rights to land inheritance are highly affected due to the culture of male domination. This study recommends that there has to be legal protection to women to fully exercise their land rights to use, control, and transfer. These needs stretching the structure of Women, Children and Social Affairs Office at Kebele level of administration.

Women as Subalterns: An Analysis of Khaled Hosseini's Novel The Kite Runner

This research article reports how Hosseini's novel The Kite Runner depicted subaltern women characters and their consciousness regarding the injustices imposed on them. There have been a limited number of female characters in the novel, albeit they have been enough to explore the ground reality of their contemporary time. This study utilized subaltern theories, particularly those developed by Ranajit Guha and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, to explore the depiction and consciousness of subaltern women characters in the novel. The findings of this article reveal that the majority of the women characters were victimized and ignored in society because of their socio-cultural stereotypes and national and international intervention in their lives. As a result, they were deprived of the opportunity to follow their passions and make their own decisions, not only in their society but also within their families. This study further shows how social, cultural, and religious milieus became responsible for making them invisible and unheard in their own society. In addition, this study sheds light on how patriarchal ideology became an indispensable component of women's marginalization by restricting their voices, freedom, and social mobility. However, the majority of the female characters developed their consciousness about injustices against them and resisted such injustices by breaching long-established social and religious norms and values in their society. In a broader sense, this study will have important significance in unfolding subaltern women's ground reality in further study.

"Creepy Towards My Avatar Body, Creepy Towards My Body": How Women Experience and Manage Harassment Risks in Social Virtual Reality

Online harassment against women - particularly in gaming and virtual worlds contexts - remains a salient and pervasive issue, and arguably reflects the systems of offline structural oppression to control women's bodies and rights in today's world. Harassment in social Virtual Reality (VR) is also a growing new frontier of research in HCI and CSCW, particularly focusing on marginalized users such as women. Based on interviews with 31 women users of social VR, our findings present women's experiences of harassment risks in social VR as compared to harassment targeting women in pre-existing, on-screen online gaming and virtual worlds, along with strategies women employ to manage harassment in social VR with varying degrees of success. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on harassment in social VR by highlighting how women's marginalization online and offline impact their perceptions of and strategies to mitigate harassment in this unique space. It also provides a critical reflection on women's mitigation strategies and proposes important implications to rethink social VR design to better prevent harassment against women and other marginalized communities in the future metaverse.

Marginalization of Women In Patriarchy: A Cultural Materialistic Critique of Kamal’s Unmarriageable and Austen’s Pride and Prejudice

Matrimonial issues of the females have been the core issue of the human life since the history of humans. Unmarriageable (2019) by Soniah Kamal and Jane Austen‘s Pride and Prejudice in the context of Pakistani culture deal with the core issue of marriages being concerned with the society and the capitalism. Cultural Materialism (CM) appeals to explore the issues of the society where the society is being emerged with the materialistic thoughts. The current qualitative study explores the matrimonial issues of 19th and 21st century of the modern age. It explores both novels comparatively and differentiates the text of these novels with respect to the cultural materialism. The results of the study describe that the matrimonial issues are there in both societies and also the mothers of the daughters are very keen in making marriages of the daughters while the father always remain in keen of the finance.

Reconstruction of Women's Marginalization in The Tradition of Khatam Qur'an

The focus of this paper is to explore how the tradition of khatam Qur’an for women is the entry point for empowerment. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews with four female research participants and observing their family life. The results of the research show that the tradition of khatam Qur'an has opened up opportunities for women’s freedom. In the first generation, women were still cooped up, illiterate and shy, in the second generation, opportunities for freedom were given with the excuse of leaving the house to learn the Qur’an reading. In the third generation, women are equal to men in education to obtain public roles. However, they cannot let go of their domestic role. In the end, women have a dual role. This study concludes that ongoing empowerment efforts have reconstructed the marginalization of women.

Women in Society Through the Aspect of Language

Our use of language conveys referential meanings and attitudes. The idea that women are unimportant to critical life issues that males handle first is the basis for "woman's language". Women's marginalization and helplessness are mirrored in all the views they are required to talk about, and they are speaking. Speaking in a way that is not proper for women, avoiding expressing strong emotions, favouring expressions of uncertainty, and elaborating on ways to explain ideas that are judged "trivial" to the "real" world Speech about women implies an object whose sexual nature necessitates euphemism, and whose social positions are derived and dependent about males. Thus, women’s identity is linguistically obscured; language works against treating women as important individuals with unique viewpoints. In this paper, the aspects of gender cover both the cultural and social strengths of a woman in this society. In general, the language deals with the adaptability of women in terms of gender, activities, and thoughts in their respective societies. By these ideologies, the paper highlights how to overcome equality in language and women.

Women in Society Through the Aspect of Language

Our use of language conveys referential meanings and attitudes. The idea that women are unimportant to critical life issues that males handle first is the basis for "woman's language". Women's marginalization and helplessness are mirrored in all the views they are required to talk about, and they are speaking. Speaking in a way that is not proper for women, avoiding expressing strong emotions, favouring expressions of uncertainty, and elaborating on ways to explain ideas that are judged "trivial" to the "real" world Speech about women implies an object whose sexual nature necessitates euphemism, and whose social positions are derived and dependent about males. Thus, women’s identity is linguistically obscured; language works against treating women as important individuals with unique viewpoints. In this paper, the aspects of gender cover both the cultural and social strengths of a woman in this society. In general, the language deals with the adaptability of women in terms of gender, activities, and thoughts in their respective societies. By these ideologies, the paper highlights how to overcome equality in language and women.

Social entrepreneurship and intersectionality: Mitigating extreme exclusion

As social enterprises seek to share knowledge, they must navigate social hierarchy. In this study, we examine social enterprises' efforts to share knowledge in rural areas and how they seek to mitigate some of the consequences of women's marginalization during this process. We use a two-step, multi-method approach. We begin with a quantitative study that explores outcomes for women, and how caste and patriarchy influence their ability to adopt new practices introduced by social enterprises. We then draw on data from a seven-year qualitative case study to unpack our quantitative findings and explore the actual mechanisms through which intersectionality shapes the social enterprises' efforts. Our qualitative efforts also uncover how social enterprises' practices, as well as women's activities, can mitigate some of the negative consequences of marginalization, even while the social setting is largely unchanged. We seek to contribute to theory by exploring how social enterprises can potentially mitigate some of the negative consequences of exclusion due to intersectionality.

The Commodification of the Female Body in the Akamba Pop Music

This paper interrogates the objectified and commodified images of women constructed in the Akamba pop songs, especially those selected for this study. It analyses how these construed femininities offer a gender imbalance between men and women. From this standpoint, the paper discusses the various representations of gender and the significance attached to the gendered implication. The paper interrogates the images of women and their underlying meanings. The key goal is to examine how pop artists use imagery as a linguistic resource to foreground representations of gender while using the female body as the point of reference. Guiding the discussion is Luce Irigaray’s postulation on the male gaze and how it psychologically oppresses women using language. The article uses qualitative methodology whereby Ten Akamba pop songs are purposively sampled and sourced from YouTube. Sampled songs were transcribed, translated, and analysed for language use. The songs were interpreted using intersectionality and Luce Irigaray's postulation on gendered language. The paper's premise is to map out areas of women's marginalisation in Akamba pop songs. The article, therefore, examines how gendered inscription delineates women as sexual objects and commodities of male power