Marginal People Research Articles

Tuberculosis among asylum seekers in Milan, Italy: epidemiological analysis and evaluation of interventions.

In countries of the European Union, tuberculosis (TB) mainly affects marginalised people, including asylum seekers. Migratory flows from high-incidence countries to Italy have increased up to 2017, posing challenges to the national health system. This study sought to assess TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) prevalence among asylum seekers in Milan during the biennium 2016-2017 and to evaluate interventions in place.A two-level active surveillance and screening system was developed for both TB and LTBI. Asylum seekers underwent an initial screening with a tuberculin skin test (TST) and a questionnaire at the receiving sites. At the Regional TB Reference Centre, those with a positive result underwent chest radiography. People aged <35 years with negative chest radiography results underwent further testing by interferon-γ release assay. If results of the assay were positive, LTBI treatment was offered. TB and LTBI prevalence were compared with literature data.A total of 5324 asylum seekers, mostly young (10-39 years; 98%), male (84%) and from sub-Saharan Africa (69%), were enrolled in the study. 69 active TB cases were diagnosed and 863 LTBI-positive individuals were detected. TB prevalence was high (1236 per 100 000 population) and LTBI prevalence was 28%. Despite losses (41%) during the transition from initial screening sites and the diagnostic centre, a good TB cure rate (84%) and optimal LTBI treatment completion (94%) were achieved.Our study shows that TB incidence is high among asylum seekers in Milan and that well-coordinated screening measures are critical for early diagnosis and treatment. It also proves that rolling out successful at-scale interventions for both prophylaxis and disease management is feasible.

THE LOWER CLASS IN THOMAS GRAY’S “ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD”

“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”, by Thomas Gray is the main source data of this study. It is a poem of reflections – reflections of death, nature, the lots of marginal people, the poor, or the lower class which becomes the subject matter of the study. The objectives are to find out the concept of lower class in social discrimination. It is qualitative research. The research result show that the examples of discrimination found in Stanza 4,8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17 and 18. In this elegy, the social stratification formed by itself and the system is the closed system. The poor belongs to the lower class and always becones a focus of attention owing to their being wretched, powerless and illiterate. They are actually great in their low quality. All of these traits are beautifully exposed in the poem.

Work Related Quality of Life of Female Garment Workers

Background: Readymade Garment (RMG) was the key source of earning foreign currencies and had been playing a vital role in creating employment opportunity for the rural marginal people since long. This study explored the work related quality of life of female garment workers.&#x0D; Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted during July 2016 to June 2017 and data were collected from 400 female garment workers through face to face interview by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The average age of the garment workers was 23.09 years. Most (86%) of the workers had some level of education and only 14% had no formal education. The workers’ minimum and maximum monthly income was BDT 8500 and BDT 33500 respectively. Most of them agreed that they had good infrastructure, sanitation and safety facilities in the work place. All the workers (100%) were satisfied with job facilities and majority (72%) had a clear understanding about goals and aims to do their job at workplace. The workers also had positive impression about the issues related to job satisfaction and working condition. The study also discussed about the sexual issues. 6%, 7% and 9% of the female workers agreed respectively that they were sexually abused in the job, by the co-workers and by the supervisors. Most of the workers agreed to the statement that this job helped them to maintain a good quality of life and they were more respected in the family and society. Educational status, monthly income, infrastructure, sanitation and health safety facilities were statistically significant with the work related quality of life (p = &lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The study recommended improving workplace health facilities, needing based health care services, effective safety measures, providing periodic training programs, long term work provision and incentives for good work and opportunity for promotion.&#x0D; TAJ 2018; 31(2): 27-34

“Those foreigners ruin everything here”: Interactional functions of ethnic labelling among pupils in the Netherlands

AbstractThis paper contributes to a deeper understanding of ethnic labelling practices by examining their interactional functions among secondary school pupils in Venlo, the Netherlands. Pupils with migration backgrounds often labelled themselves and others “Turk,” “Moroccan,” or “foreigner,” and labelled others “Dutch.” The paper highlights that ethnic labelling can be understood not only as identity construction, but also as interactional work. I build on membership categorization analysis (MCA), complemented by conversation analysis (CA), to analyse how pupils’ use of ethnic labels evoked an expert role which altered interactants’ power positions; and how, often, pupils engaged in jocular mockery with ethnic labels and in that way mitigated the effects of exclusionary and stigmatizing discourses about people with migration backgrounds. Finally, I argue that pupils’ labelling practices had locally occasioned meanings and functions, but that they ultimately reflect wider‐spread systems of categorization and marginalization of people with migration backgrounds in the Netherlands.

Towards Greater Civility: Public Morality and Transversal Queer/Feminist Politics in India

This paper explores how queer/feminist practices and articulations—by offering critical perspectives on the intersections of caste, labour and sexuality—have tried to draw attention to the marginalisation of people expressing non-normative genders and sexualities. Adapting lessons from the women’s movement, which resonates with some of the principles of an Ambedkarite vision of democracy, queer and feminist activists adopt and practise a transversal politics in continuing their struggle for solidarity and justice. Specifically, the paper addresses how queer/feminists use the transversal dialogic political space to highlight contentions around sexual labour, from the 2005 ban on bar dancers to the 2017 Chalo Nagpur campaign. The practice of this politics draws upon the experience of queer and feminist collectives in western India, and finds resonance with Ambedkar’s radical conception of democracy via a steadfast commitment to learn and engage in politics under changed circumstances.

Contributions of the Disability Studies for the Psychologist's performance in the Brazilian Social Assistance Policy

In this essay, we present contributions from Disability Studies to the construction of psychosocial practices aimed at guaranteeing human rights in Brazilian Social Assistance Policy. By addressing disability critically, among the contributions of this field of study to the practice of psychologists, we highlight: a) criticism of the biomedical model and the deconstruction of logics that produce exclusion of people who diverge from the normative standard; b) the understanding of disability as a category of analysis, based on an intersectional and political perspective; c) the criticism of ableism and its effects on the marginalization of people deviant from the ideal of normality; d) ethics of care and notions of dependence and interdependence as guiding principles of the Social Assistance Policy. It is considered the relevance of promoting psychosocial practices aimed at a perspective against the pathologization and discrimination of people with disabilities and with other expressions of social inequality.

The Role of Credit on Marginal People Livelihood Improvement the Case of Essara, Tocha and Maraka Districts, Dawuro Zone Snnprs, Ethiopia

The Role of Credit on Marginal People Livelihood Improvement the Case of Essara, Tocha and Maraka Districts, Dawuro Zone Snnprs, Ethiopia

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: CHANGING A MARGINAL COMMUNITY INTO A SUSTAINABLE HOME INDUSTRY SUPPLYING TRADITIONAL SNACKS TO A STAR HOTEL

Corporate Social Responsibility plays more and more crucial roles in the development of hotel business since many hotels were built the area where marginal people live and have conflict potentials between the hotel management and the marginal communities. This study aims to find a model of changing a marginal community around Pose In Hotel into a sustainable home industry supplying snacks to the hotel through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at Surakarta City, Central Java Province. This research uses qualitative methods. This study found that (1) methods of local needs based training was conducted effectively and appropriately to empower the marginal community living around Pose In Hotel. The methods gave trainees the opportunity to experience making, packaging and displaying traditional snacks; (2)Â the outcome is in the form of sustainability livelihood which creates new sustainable jobs for the community as a supplier of traditional snacks; and (3) the implementation of CSR creates harmonious relation between the management of Pose In Hotel and the community.

Can REDD+ Bring Equitable Benefit to the Marginalized Communities? Insights from Bangladesh

Despite promising win-win outcomes of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) program, how and to what extent it can bring real opportunities to forest communities remains debatable. Focusing on inequality and land tenure insecurity in Bangladesh, this study aims to find out whether and to what extent REDD+ can ensure equitable benefits and opportunities for the forest communities in an ethnic conflict area. Based on qualitative case studies on two types of community forest management (CFM) experiences in Bangladesh, the study finds that the distribution of various costs, benefits, and access to forest participation remain highly unequal among different groups within the communities. The existing institutional settings were not able to bring adequate opportunities for the marginal forest people to face the dominant power relation and bring equitable share for them. This study argues that without ensuring the decision-making space for marginalized groups, and without substantial changes towards the tenure complexity, the emerging REDD+ initiatives in Bangladesh can strengthen the dominant power and subsequently intensify the vulnerability of the marginalized people. A careful analysis of how weak institutions are helping to perpetuate inequality can thus help us to understand future risks of CFM&amp;ndash;REDD+ relations.

Theory and Practice in Digital Behaviour Change: A Matrix Framework for the Co-Production of Digital Services That Engage, Empower and Emancipate Marginalised People Living with Complex and Chronic Conditions

Background: The WHO framework on integrated people-centred health services promotes a focus on the needs of people and their communities to empower them to have a more active role in their own health. It has advocated five strategies including: Engaging and empowering people and communities; co-ordinating services within and across sectors; and, creating an enabling environment. Any implementation of these strategies needs to occur at individual, community, and health service levels. Useful steps to reorganising health service provision are already being guided by existing models of care linked to increased adoption and use of digital technologies with examples including: Wagner’s Chronic Care Model (CCM); Valentijn’s Rainbow Model of Integrated Care (RMIC); and Phanareth’s et al.’s Epital Care Model (ECM). However, what about individuals and the communities they live in? How will strategies be implemented to address known inequities in: the social determinants of health; access to, and use of digital technologies, and individual textual, technical, and health literacies? Proposal of a matrix framework: This paper argues that people with complex and chronic conditions (PwCCC) living in communities that are at risk of being under-served or marginalised in health service provision require particular attention. It articulates a step-by-step process to identify these individuals and co-produce mechanisms to engage, empower and ultimately emancipate these individuals to become activated in living with their conditions and in their interactions with the health system and community. This step-by-step process focuses on key issues related to the design and role of digital services in mitigating the effects of the health service inequity and avoiding the creation of an e-health divide amongst users when advocating digital behaviour change initiatives. This paper presents a matrix framework providing a scaffold across three inter-related levels of the individual; the provider, and the health and care system. The matrix framework supports examination of and reflection on the design and role of digital technologies in conjunction with pre-existing motivational instruments. This matrix framework is illustrated with examples from practice. Conclusion: It is anticipated that the matrix framework will evolve and can be used to map and reflect on approaches and practices aiming to enrich and stimulate co-production activities supported by digital technology focused on enhancing people-centred health services for the marginalised.

From elite capture to marginalization of the poorest: a new social exclusion in anti-poverty programmes in China

ABSTRACT Based on a case study of state-directed aid resources in anti-poverty programmes, we detected a new phenomenon of social exclusion in China. In a period of several years, a shift is observed from elite capture to marginalization of the poorest. This phenomenon occurs under the administrative pressure from the authoritarian state and the morbid democratic mechanism. Contemporary structural changes in economic and social culture also make it difficult for marginal people to escape from this predicament. From a social structural transformation point of view, we suggest that the marginalization of the poorest should be seriously taken into consideration in rural development programmes and policies.

Impact of climate change on agricultural production and food security: a review on coastal regions of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is severely vulnerable to climate change and its devastation on coastal livelihood and food security has been substantiated. Climate induced hazards will lead to food insecurity directly and indirectly by affecting the coastal biophysical and socioeconomic states. This review article found the potential impacts on coastal agricultural, livestock and fisheries sectors those are the main source of livelihood and food security to coastal people. Furthermore, most of the rural coastal people are hard poor in which women are major in portion and contribute to ensure food security for the entire family. Scrutinizing on ‘vulnerability’ revealed that it is not gender neutral and socio-economically underprivileged groups and marginal people are invaded disproportionately in which women is ranking in the top of the order. Hence, existing gender-poverty nexus along with socio-economic and political aspects make women more endangered to climate vulnerability and food security. It also found that existing policies and adaptation mechanisms failed to address the influence of powers on marginalize women and growing trend of feminization of food insecurity. In addition, also found the necessity for immediate pertinent caucus before the onset of this imminent concernment by aggregating gender and identified vulnerable groups.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. &amp; Tech. 8 (1): 62-69, June, 2018

Accelerating natural breeding of cuchia and creating employment opportunities of poor people through household based cuchia farming

Heed Bangladesh has been implementing the LIFT project titled “Accelerating natural breeding of cuchia and creating employment opportunities of poor People through household based cuchia farming” from June to mid-September 2017 in Kamolgonj upazila under Maulvibazar district. The project goal is to reduce poverty and increasing productivity and create self-employment through cuchia rearing by applying modern technology to the poor and marginal people. The initiative will implement mainly with a view to contribute in improving livelihood condition of the small holder cuchia farmers or culturists or rearers who are living in poverty due to natural disaster and climate vulnerability through increasing income. The income of targeted cuchia culturists or members will be increased through increasing productivity, improving quality and market access. Under this initiative, initially a total of 200 members will included. The project focus on building the capacity of members, local service providers, input suppliers and buyers in order to provide embedded or commercial services to the producers and enterprises that will create a competitive market. It will also engage the private and public sector to build the technical capacity of groups and link with high value market to gain a better price for their products.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(2): 279-291, August 2018

Assessment and modeling of fish diversity related to water bodies of Bankura district, West Bengal, India, for sustainable management of culture practices

Fish is an important vertebrate group due to its diversified role such as stabilization of local aquatic ecosystem, served to be the vital sources for animal protein and also helps to socio-economical upliftment of marginal peoples through culture practices. Nowadays, it becomes a great challenge to improve the fish production without affecting the wild stock in support to the sustainable aquaculture. Therefore, current research showed the application of modern GIS tools and survey-based data which utilize to verify the accurate scenario of sustainable aquaculture and potentiality of fish farming practices in Bankura District, West Bengal, India. In situ survey data discovered that, total 102 numbers of freshwater fish species belonging to 10 Orders and 27 Families out of which 14 fish species are under IUCN-threatened categories found in this district due to the availability of huge freshwater resources. Moreover, the Matrix plot also specified the threatened categorized fish species throughout the year to execute a suitable conservation and management plan. Even a map based representation of fish species distribution surveyed out in 22 different Community Development Blocks of Bankura to find the high, medium and low species diversity. Furthermore, GIS mapping and other crucial survey data have focused that total 48,453 numbers of closed water bodies (up to 0.033 ha areas considered) are found in this district. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to verify the interrelationship in all available wild closed water bodies as well as cultured based water bodies to validate the potentiality of fish farming. Multivariate linear correlation models have exposed the positive and negative relationship in between the species distribution and total numbers of closed water bodies; fish species distribution and percentage of cultured based closed water body (11.08%) distributions, respectively. Meanwhile, a lack of proper management policies toward the aquatic components of the said ecosystem will be ultimately downgrade the production efficiency and interlinked ecological balance in upcoming days.

This Marker I Call My Body: Coloniality and Racism in the Academy

Women of colour have had to navigate a particular set of interpersonal and structural challenges in the academy that frustrate and deny their aspirations. These concerns defy a simplistic analysis, as they are part of a complex amalgam of raced, gendered, and classed experiences. I present a framework to analyse how racist/sexist hierarchies of power created during colonialism are continuously rearticulated within academic spaces to account for the persistent marginalisation of people of colour in universities in the USA, and Black women in particular. I argue that we need to understand coloniality as operating within the university as the everyday state of affairs and, as such, as an obstacle to diversity. I show how, in practice, coloniality and white racism work in partnership to construct a world that reduces Black women to their flesh and to beings that are by nature inferior. An analysis that begins with coloniality situates the intersections of racial identity and processes of othering in a system underpinned by social hierarchical relationships of domination and exclusion. My point is not to reject attempts at changing the university, but to call for a deeper understanding of the experiences of Black women in relation to its colonial legacy.

Inclusive Education in Indonesia: Equality Education Access for Disabilities

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Accommodative Study of Public Space for Marginalized People

&#x0D; A good public space must be accommodative for everyone included the marginal, the forgotten, the silent (Badshah, 1996), and an undesirable people. “Cities for the Citizen ‘(Douglas &amp; Friedmann, 1998) serves a slogan. Accommodative public space for marginal people and marginal activities can be created when physical aspects of space can accommodate the space needs of the Forgotten (Badshah, 1996). Thus, the society will be educated to learn and share, to respect the rights of other users in the city, and consequently, the physical quality of the visual city will be better because there is no annexation of space and overlapping activities.&#x0D; Keywords: accommodative public space, marginal people, marginal activities&#x0D; eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Legal aid for person with disabilities in access to justice

Some criminal cases took place in palm oil plantation and agriculture area as the crime scene. Unfortunately, the cases involved children and women. This paper discusses on the research results of a study on the development of legal aid model for marginal people including people with disabilities. There were two research questions namely the situation of PwD and how they access the justice. The data were collected through literature review and field study. There were 52 persons who participated in in-depth interview and 3 Focus Group Discussion. All informants are PwD and people who supported PwD. This study figured out a case of sexual harassment which located in palm oil plantation. The victim is a girl with hearing impairment. The result of the study shows that PwD could not access the justice due to the distance and lack of information concerning legal aid provider. Furthermore, data of PwD is not available properly either at the government office or Community Social Organization (CSO)

Work Related Quality of Life of Female Workers in A Garments Factory

Readymade Garment (RMG) was the key source of earning foreign currencies and had been playing a vital role in creating employment opportunity for the rural marginal people since long. This study explored the work related quality of life of female garment workers. This cross sectional study was conducted during July 2016 to June 2017 and data were collected from 400 female garment workers through face to face interview by using a semi-structured questionnaire. The average age of the garment workers was 23.09 years. Most (86%) of the workers had some level of education and only 14% had no formal education. The workers ' minimum and maximum monthly income was BDT-8500 and BDT-33500 respectively. Most of them agreed that they had good infrastructure, sanitation and safety facilities in the work place. All the workers (100%) were satisfied with job facilities and majority (72%) had a clear understanding about goals and aims to do their job at workplace. The workers also had positive impression about the issues related to job satisfaction and working condition. The study also discussed about the sexual issues. 6%, 7% and 9% of the female workers agreed respectively that they were sexually abused in the job, by the co-workers and by the supervisors. Most of the workers agreed to the statement that this job helped them to maintain a good quality of life and they were more respected in the family and society. Educational status, monthly income, infrastructure, sanitation and health safety facilities were statistically significant with the work related quality of life (p = &lt;0.05). The study recommended improving workplace health facilities, needing based health care services, effective safery measures, providing periodic training programs, long term work provision and incentives for good work and opportunity for promotion.

An Interpretation of Mary in the Shadow of Colonialism in Doris Lessing’s—The Grass is Singing

Doris Lessing, one of the most popular writers of British literature in the second half of the twentieth century, is famous for her changeable styles of works and different perspectives all over the world. Reviewing from Doris Lessing’s works, Marginal Man is the main clue in her literary creation. Most of characters she created in her works are living in the cracks of changeable era and cultural transformation. From the race of blacks and whites to the free female under the colonial background in 1950s and 60s; and then from the spiritual alienation under culture shock in 1970s and 80s to the difficult living conditions of the middle-aged and the aged in her later works, all of these characters are the unique microcosm of the Marginal Man created by means of blending Lessing’s own experiences and emotional imagery. All of these novels transmit the rise and fall of deep culture and the sense of vicissitudes of life.This thesis elaborates Mary, a Marginal Man in Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing from three points of view—Mary’s drifting, Mary’s Constraints and Fears, Mary’s Fleeing and Awakening. From it, we can understand that fleeing as her surviving way is to get rid of the shackles of life, moreover she bares the double loss coming from the external world and the innermost, and then she eventually makes for resistance and comes to her spiritual salvation in order to seek for her spiritual home. This thesis makes a good reflection on the real living conditions of marginal groups and guides people to establish correct social values to realize the social problems caused by marginal people and make some measures to solve some of them.