The study reveals the distribution of contents of major (Si, Al, Fe, Mn) and trace elements (Ga, V, W, Th, Mo, U, Be, Y, Cd), Сorg, and clay minerals in the subcolloidal fraction of bottom sediments of the marginal filter of the Razdolnaya River (soil, river and marine sediments). Under the influence of increased river discharge as a result of a typhoon, the flocculation zone, the formation of Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides, and the sorption of certain trace element ions (U, Be, Cd, Y) were moved into Amur Bay. An additional increase in the Si content in sediments of the bay associated with biogenic accumulation was revealed, which led to the dilution of terrigenous aluminosilicates and a decrease in the content of trace elements in marine sediments. Compared to river sediments, the Y content was shown to increase by 22, Cd by 80, U by 110, and Mo by 1140% in sediments of stations located near Zolotoi Rog Bay, which is associated with the influence of contaminated soils from “old dumping.”