Marginal Tissue Research Articles

Experimental and in silico analysis of LINC01279 expression in tumor of patients with breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is characterized by the increase of malignant cells in the breast. The malignant cells begin in the lining of the breast milk glands or ducts (ductal epithelium). BC is the most frequent cancer in women, but it may also occur in males. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been demonstrated to control the development and incidence of cancer. However, some lncRNAs experience potential changes in BC, but their role has not been well studied. LINC01279 is known as a valuable biomarker in gastric cancer but has not yet been studied in BC. Changes in LINC01279 expression levels in BC samples were investigated by microarray. Q-PCR was also used to evaluate the expression of LINC01279 in the tumor and normal adjacent samples of 30 BC patients. The LINC01279 co-expressed gene module was discovered using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) on the relevant dataset. The top ten hub genes were determined using gene ontology (GO) functional enrichments on the co-expressed gene module. The results of the bioinformatics study showed an increase in LINC01279 expression levels (log2FC = 3.228749561, adj.P.Val = 1.69E - 12) in tumor samples compared to normal marginal tissue. Q-PCR results also showed a significant increase in LINC01279 expression (P-value = 0.0005) in tumor samples. WGCNA analysis identified that the black module is the LINC01279 co-expressed module, and functional annotation analysis of black module genes enriched in significant cancer-related pathways and processes, including cell growth and/or maintenance, regulation of immune response, regulation of cell proliferation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Regarding the real-time PCR results, the analysis of expression patterns has illuminated a distinct association between the heightened expression levels of LINC01279, and the stages of cancer progression as well as the metastatic potential of tumors. However, intriguingly, our observations have failed to reveal any statistically significant correlations between the relative expression of LINC01279 and tumor grade classification, or the presence of ER, PR, and HER2 biomarkers. The present study could provide a new perspective on the molecular regulatory. Processes associated with BC pathogenic mechanisms are linked to the LINC01279, although further research is needed on the possible role of this lncRNA in BC.

Treatment Outcome of Surgery Followed By Corticosteroid Therapy For Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis

Introduction: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign, and chronic inflammatory breast condition that has been shown to have radiological and clinical similarities to breast cancer. In spite of the fact that the cause of IGM is unknown, various contributing variables have been identified, such as a reaction to chemical substances like OCP, viral disorders, autoimmune diseases, and an immunological response to milk leakage from the breast lobule. Although various methods have been used for IGM treatment (such as surgical excision, steroids, methotrexate, etc), no consensus currently exists regarding the ideal method of treatment. Due to its positive response to steroid treatment, it is hypothesized that IGM is an autoimmune disease and is well responds to corticosteroid therapy. The aim of this study is to observe the treatment outcomes of surgery and corticosteroid therapy in IGM. Materials and Methods: This quasi experimental study was conducted in Department of Surgery, Khulna Medical College Hospital from 8th August 2018 to 8th August 2019. Total 30 patients were enrolled and allocated in two groups a ratio of 1:1. In group-A there were 15 patients, received surgical treatment with corticosteroid therapy and group-B, 15 patients received only surgical treatment. A wide local excision (WLE) was done in surgical procedure to remove area of diseased unhealthy tissue with a margin of normal tissue. Corticosteroid therapy was given orally in the following regimen: 8 weeks of steroid therapy with prednisolone at 0.5mg/kg/day for 4 weeks and then tapered down slowly for 4 weeks. Then subsequent follow up conducted after 2 months and after 4 months of primary treatment to observe the treatment outcomes. Statistical analysis was carried out by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA). A descriptive analysis was performed for all data. The mean values were calculated for continuous variables. The quantitative observations were indicated by frequencies and percentages. Unpaired student t-test was used to compare continuous variables. Chi-square test used to compare categorical data. A “p” value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Result was presented by tabulation and graphical presentation in the form of tables, pie chart, graphs, bar diagrams, histogram & charts etc. Result: Maximum numbers of patients (50.0%) were between 31-40 years age group, mean±SD age was 29.7±10.2 years. The left breast was affected in 16(53.3%) patients, right breast in 12(40.0%) patients and bilateral in 2(6.7%) patients. Included 30 patients were allocated in two groups. Among them in group-A there were 15 patients (Surgical treatment with corticosteroid therapy) and group-B, 15 patients (Surgical treatment alone). Wide local excision was performed in all patients. Concomitant corticosteroids therapy was used in selective group (group-A). Study shows that 22(73.3%) of the patients recovered completely (80.0% versus 66.7% in group-A and group-B respectively). There was a statistically significant difference (pd”0.05). Present study revealed that incidence of complications and recurrence rate was 8(26.7%) patients, among them 3(20.0%) were of group-A, while 5(33.3%) patients were group-B. Conclusions: Present study concluded that treatment outcomes of surgery, followed by corticosteroid therapy can be preferred at Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) in the means of less early or late postoperative complication, resolution of symptoms with high accuracy rate to relief symptoms. J Dhaka Med Coll. 2023; 32(1) : 71-76

Clinical study of matrix vascular component gel combined with vacuum sealing drainage technique in chronic wounds

This study investigates the efficacy of the combination of extracellular matrix/stromal vascular fraction gel (ECM/SVF-gel) and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) on chronic wounds. From February 2021 to February 2022, 20 patients with chronic wounds were recruited and were divided into experimental and control groups, with 10 patients in each group. Following debridement, we applied various treatments to all cases for 2 weeks. Subsequently, we observed the changes in the wound area and calculated the rate of wound healing. Simultaneously, the wound margin tissues were collected for histological analysis, and the inflammatory cell infiltration within the wound was assessed using HE staining. Masson staining was used to observe the collagen deposition on the wound surface, and CD31 immunohistochemistry was used to count the number of microvessels to evaluate the angiogenesis (Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-INR-17013540). The therapeutic outcomes for all cases included in this study were favorable after a 2-week treatment period, and the wound area was smaller than before. The experimental group exhibited a significantly higher rate of wound healing compared to the control group. In the experimental group as revealed by HE staining, there was a marked reduction in the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the dermis. Masson staining demonstrated that the deposition of collagen fibers in the experimental group was more than the control group. CD31 immunohistochemistry showed an increased number of new blood vessels in the experimental group compared to the control group. Additionally, ECM/SVF-gel extract significantly enhanced the fibroblast proliferation and migration in vitro. The application of ECM/SVF gel combined with VSD in chronic wounds can accelerate wound healing by reducing inflammatory reaction, increasing collagen fiber deposition, and promoting angiogenesis. Therefore, the combination of ECM/SVF gel and VSD can be used as a simple, safe, and effective therapeutic method for chronic wounds.

GINGIVAL MARGIN, CORRECTION IN ORTHOPEDIC DENTISTRY

A big problem for obtaining aesthetic and functional results of dental treatment is the condition of the gingival papillae. The effectiveness of orthopedic interventions without high-quality correction of the marginal edge of the gums can lead to an unsatisfactory result and the occurrence of numerous complications Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Medline databases for the period 2000-2024, for which the following keywords were used: correction of soft gingival tissues, fixed dentures, effectiveness, front group of teeth. A general search revealed 112 sources regarding gingival margin correction in fixed dentures. The primary exclusion referred to literary sources in which the correction of the gingival margin applied to all types of prosthetics. Literary sources that contained only reference information were included in the secondary exclusion. As a result, only relevant full-text articles in professional journals remained (n=25). The purpose of the research is to analyze the methods of gingival margin correction in orthopedic dentistry at the current stage, to formulate relevant tasks for further research. Research results. Methods of restoration of the aesthetics of the marginal part of the gums during orthopedic treatment are divided into the following groups: plastic of soft and bone tissues; laboratory and technical procedures; use of materials for artificial gums. It has been established that the plastic-surgical method is used for the loss of the gingival papilla, defects of the ridge of the alveolar process, asymmetric contour of the gums, and their unaesthetic shape. Correction of the gums allows to achieve satisfactory aesthetic results both at the final stage of orthopedic treatment (prosthetics with fixed orthopedic prostheses) and at the intermediate stage of temporary prosthetics with plastic fixed prostheses. It was found that the most common methods of gingival margin correction are flap operations on the gums using the technique of lateral movement of the muco-osseous flap. These include the following types of interventions: endothelial modification from the tooth-alveolar ridge; oblique displaced flap; periosteally stimulated flap; partial or complete split flap. The positive effect of hyaluronic acid on the healing of the gingival margin and tissue regeneration has been proven. Several researches have shown the positive effects of hyaluronic acid on gingival margin healing and tissue regeneration due to its properties to stimulate cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, mediate cell signaling. The authors indicate a better effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in relation to periodontal parameters during the correction of the marginal gingival margin. The use of a laser scalpel is characterized by less pronounced traumatization of tissues, lower temporary costs for intervention, reduced blood loss, less pronounced signs of inflammation in the postoperative period, relative simplicity and cost-effectiveness of use. Conclusions. To date, only a combination of various orthopedic and surgical manipulations allows to achieve an optimal aesthetic result during prosthetics with fixed dentures of the front group of teeth.

The spatial impact of a Western diet in enriching Galectin-1-regulated Rho, ECM, and SASP signaling in a novel MASH-HCC mouse model

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) presents a significant clinical challenge, particularly given the prevalence of the Western diet (WD). The influence of diet on the tumor microenvironment remains poorly understood. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a biomarker for HCC and has a crucial role in liver carcinogenesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that silencing Gal-1 effectively treats mouse HCC. However, the impacts of a WD on Gal-1 signaling on MASH to HCC progression are unknown, and this study addresses these knowledge gaps.MethodsWe developed a novel MASH-HCC mouse model. Using spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC), we studied the effects of a WD on the liver and tumor microenvironment. By modulating Gal-1 expression through silencing and overexpression, we explored the location-specific impacts of WD on Gal-1 signaling.ResultsPathways such as Rho signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) were prominently activated in WD-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and MASH-HCC, compared to healthy livers controls. Furthermore, Rho GTPase effectors, ECM remodeling, neutrophil degranulation, cellular stress, and cell cycle pathways were consistently enriched in human and mouse MASH-HCC. Spatially, these pathways were enriched in the tumor and tumor margins of mouse MASH-HCC. Additionally, there was a notable increase in CD11c and PD-L1-positive cells from non-tumor tissues to the tumor margin and inside the tumor of MASH-HCC, suggesting compromised immune surveillance due to WD intake. Moreover, MASH-HCC exhibited significant Gal-1 induction in N-Cadherin-positive cells, indicating enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Modulating Gal-1 expression in MASH-HCC further established its specific roles in regulating Rho signaling and SASP in the tumor margin and non-tumor tissues in MASH-HCC.ConclusionWD intake significantly influences vital cellular processes involved in Gal-1-mediated signaling, including Rho signaling and ECM remodeling, in the tumor microenvironment, thereby contributing to the development of MASH-HCC.

Intraoperative rapid assessment of the deep muscle surgical margin of tongue squamous cell carcinoma via Raman spectroscopy.

An accurate assessment of the surgical margins of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), especially the deep muscle tissue, can help completely remove the cancer cells and thus minimize the risk of recurrence. This study aimed to develop a classification model that classifies TSCC and normal tissues in order to aid in the rapid and accurate intraoperative assessment of TSCC surgical deep muscle tissue margins. The study obtained 240 Raman spectra from 60 sections (30 TSCC and 30 normal) from 15 patients diagnosed with TSCC. The classification model based on the analysis of Raman spectral data was developed, utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for the diagnosis and classification of TSCC. The leave-one-out cross-validation was employed to estimate and evaluate the prediction performance model. This approach effectively classified TSCC tissue and normal muscle tissue, achieving an accuracy of exceeding 90%. The Raman analysis showed that TSCC tissues contained significantly higher levels of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids compared to the adjacent normal tissues. In addition, we have also explored the potential of Raman spectroscopy in classifying different histological grades of TSCC. The PCA-LDA tissue classification model based on Raman spectroscopy exhibited good accuracy, which could aid in identifying tumor-free margins during surgical interventions and present a promising avenue for the development of rapid and accurate intraoperative techniques.

Diabetic Mastopathy – A Case Report

Introduction: Diabetic mastopathy is a rare benign condition that can occur in patients with long standing Type I or II diabetes mellitus male or female of any age. Diabetic mastopathy is a fibroinflammatory condition that resembles carcinoma of breast. Here, we report a case of Type II Diabetic female patient with suspicious breast lump in right breast Case presentation: A 62 year old female presented with complaints of lump in right breast for 10 days. Clinically, hard lump of size 8x6 cm was palpable in upper outer quadrant. Trucut biopsy showed features of Diabetic mastopathy. Patient undergone wide local excision and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Post operative period was uneventful. Discussion: Diabetic mastopathy is an uncommon tumor-like proliferation of fibrous tissue of the breast, clinically and radiologically mimicking breast cancer. Histopathologically, it involves periductal, perilobular and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. Primary excision with adequate normal tissue margins is the treatment of choice Conclusion: Diabetic mastopathy is a rare clinical entity, however due to increase in prevalence of Diabetes, diagnosis of Diabetic mastopathy should be considered in patients with breast lumps

MiRNAs in Signal Transduction of SMAD Proteins in Breast Cancer.

The aim of this study was to identify miRNAs that could potentially influence the activity of SMAD proteins involved in TGFβ signal transduction in five types of breast cancer in Polish women. Patients with five breast cancer subtypes were included in the study: luminal A (n = 130), luminal B HER2- (n = 100), luminal B HER2+ (n = 96), non-luminal HER2+ (n = 36), and TNBC (n = 43). During surgery, tumor tissue was removed along with a margin of healthy tissue (control). Molecular analysis included determination of the expression of genes related to SMAD protein signal transduction using mRNA microarrays and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Protein expression was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The miRNA profiling was performed using miRNA microarrays and the miRDB database. SMAD3 and SMAD5 were overexpressed in all types of breast cancer, which could be related to the reduced expression of miR-145, and the findings for SMAD4 and miR-155 were similar. Additionally, the level of SMAD7 was reduced, which may be due to the low activity of miR-15b and miR21b. This study determined the gene expression profiles involved in SMAD protein signal transduction across five different types of breast cancer and identified the miRNAs potentially regulating their activity. Overexpression of SMAD3, SMAD4, and SMAD5 suggests excessive activation of the TGFβ pathway, potentially promoting tumor growth and development. Concurrently, a significant reduction in SMAD7 expression removes inhibitory control in the TGFβ pathway, a phenomenon that is particularly evident in more aggressive breast cancer types.

Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 Expression in Tumoral and Marginal Tissues of Cholesteatoma

Background: Cholesteatoma, a serious, expanding otolaryngologic condition, is challenging to otolaryngologists worldwide. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of MMP-9 gene in cholesteatoma patients. Methods: In this study, 40 samples of tumor tissue and 40 samples as control of tumor margins of patients with cholesteatoma were examined. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of the MMP-9 gene expression levels in cholesteatoma and control group. expression changes were calculated by ΔCT formula and data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 8. Results: MMP-9 expression level in case group was significantly higher than the control group (P=0.0011). ROC analysis for the MMP-9 gene expression level that discriminates Cholesteatoma tumoral tissue from healthy tissues revealed a sensitivity of 67.5 % and a specificity of 84.62% with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.75 (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicated that MMP-9 is overexpressed in cholesteatoma tumoral tissues group compared to the healthy tissues. Based on AUC value of RUC curve analysis of MMP-9 expression level could be helpful in diagnosis of tumoral tissue form healthy tissue.

Clinical characteristics of patients with early gastric prematurity cancer and analysis of complications by endoscopic resection.

Gastric cancer, a prevalent malignancy, poses a severe threat to the health of residents in China. Timely intervention in early stages can extend patients' survival. To analyze clinical characteristics of patients with early gastric cancer and efficacy and risk of complications associated with endoscopic resection. This study included 175 patients with early gastric cancer treated at our hospital, with no restrictions on sex or age. General data, pathological information, and endoscopic biopsy results were obtained. The clinical characteristics of early gastric cancer were analyzed, and endoscopic resection was performed. Postoperative efficacy and incidence of complications were monitored. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 software. A total of 175 patients with early gastric cancer were included, with 75.43% (n = 132) males and 24.57% (n = 43) females. 38.29% (n = 67) and 35.43% (n = 62) of patients had a history of smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively. Comorbidities included diabetes (8.57%, n = 15), coronary heart disease (10.29%, n = 18), and hypertension (43.43%, n = 76), which was highly prevalent. A history of abdominal surgery and family history of digestive system cancer accounted for 21.14% and 17.14%, respectively. The most common lesion location was the antral part of the stomach (52.00%, n = 91), followed by the gastric angle, body, and fundus. The pathological types were predominantly high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (28.00%, n = 49) and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (26.86%, n = 47), followed by moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, high-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and moderate-lowly differentiated adenocarcinoma. 89.14% of the patients had intestinal metaplasia and 85.14% had atrophy. After endoscopic resection, re-examination revealed that 13 patients had cancer cells at the tissue margin, with a positive margin rate of 7.43%. Postoperative complications included no cases of gastrointestinal obstruction, but incisional infection (2.86%, n = 5), gastric perforation (1.14%, n = 2), and gastric bleeding (4%, n = 7) were present, with an overall incidence of 8.00%. Analysis of the clinical characteristics indicated that early gastric cancer is more prevalent in males with a history of hypertension, with lesions most commonly occurring in the antral region of the stomach. The pathological types are often high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, with over 85% of patients having comorbid intestinal metaplasia and atrophy. Despite endoscopic resection, a positive margin rate persisted, indicating a probability of residual cancer at the margins. Postoperative complications, such as gastrointestinal obstruction, incisional infection, gastric perforation, and gastric bleeding can occur and require timely symptomatic treatment.

Associations of SEMA7A, SEMA4D, ADAMTS10, and ADAM8 with KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and AKT Gene Mutations, Microsatellite Instability Status, and Cytokine Expression in Colorectal Cancer Tissue.

Semaphorins (SEMAs), ADAM, and ADAMTS family members are implicated in various cancer progression events within the tumor microenvironment across different cancers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of SEMA7A, SEMA4D, ADAM8, and ADAMTS10 in colorectal cancer (CRC) in relation to the mutational landscape of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and AKT genes, microsatellite instability (MSI) status, and clinicopathological features. We also examined the associations between the expression of these proteins and selected cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, assessed using a multiplex assay. Protein concentrations were quantified using ELISA in CRC tumors and tumor-free surgical margin tissue homogenates. Gene mutations were evaluated via RT-PCR, and MSI status was determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). GSEA and statistical analyses were performed using R Studio. We observed a significantly elevated expression of SEMA7A in BRAF-mutant CRC tumors and an overexpression of ADAM8 in KRAS 12/13-mutant tumors. The expression of ADAMTS10 was decreased in PIK3CA-mutant CRC tumors. No significant differences in the expression of the examined proteins were observed based on MSI status. The SEMA7A and SEMA4D expressions were correlated with the expression of numerous cytokines associated with various immune processes. The potential immunomodulatory functions of these molecules and their suitability as therapeutic targets require further investigation.

First report of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora Causing guava scab in China.

Psidium guajava L. is widely cultivated in southern China. In May 2021, guava scab on cv. Zhenzhu was observed in Zhanjiang (21.18° N, 110.21° E), Guangdong province, China. Guavascab was corky with ovoid or round lesions on the surfaces of green fruits. Gradually the lesions sunk. Disease incidence was estimated as 85% in 500 investigated plants in about 50 ha. Twenty diseased fruits were collected from twenty trees in the field. From each fruit the margin of the diseased tissues was cut into 2 mm × 2 mm pieces; surface disinfected with 75% ethanol and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 30 and 60 s, successively; and rinsed thrice with sterile water. The tissues were plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and incubated at 28 ℃. Thirty-four isolates were obtained. Single-spore isolation method (Liu et al. 2021) was used to recover pure cultures of three isolates (PGNC-1, PGNC-2, and PGNC-3) . The colonies were initially white with cottony aerial mycelium at 7 days on PDA. Then, these colonies form black acervular conidiomata at 10 days. Conidia were clavate to fusiform, four-septate, straight or slightly curved, and measured 15.8 to 21.2 µm × 4.5 to 6.5 µm (n = 40). The three median cells were versicolored, whereas the basal and apical cells were hyaline. Conidia had a single basal appendage (4.5 to 5.5 µm long; n = 40) and three apical appendages (19.2 to 24.5 µm long; n = 40). The morphological characteristics of the isolates were consistent with the description of Neopestalotiopsisclavispora (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012). Molecular identification was performed using PCR method with MightyAmp DNA Polymerase (Takara-Bio, Dalian, China) (Lu et al. 2012). Sequences were generated from the isolates using primers for the rDNA ITS (ITS1/ITS4), TEF1-α (EF1-728F/EF1-986R), and β-tubulin (T1/βt2b) loci (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2012). The sequences of the isolates were submitted to GenBank (ITS, OQ996557 to OQ996559; TEF, OR101037 to OR101039; β-tubulin, OR100971 to OR100973). The sequences of the isolates were 100% identical to the type strain MFLUCC12-0281 (accession nos. JX398979, JX399014, and JX399045) through BLAST analysis. The isolates clustered with N. clavispora (MFLUCC12-0280 and MFLUCC12-0281). N. clavispora and Pestalotiopsis clavispora are synonyms. The pathogenicity was tested in vivo. Plants (cv. Zhenzhu) were grown ( 3 years old) in a quarantine orchard at 25℃ to 32℃ with 60 to 80% relative humidity in May 2022. Disease-free green fruits were inoculated. Sterile cotton balls were immersed in the spore suspension (1 × 105 per mL) and sterile distilled water (control) for about 15 s before they were fixed on the wounded fruits with transparent tape. Five fruits on one plant per isolate were inoculated. Five fruits on one plant severed as control. The test was performed thrice. Disease symptoms were found on the inoculated fruits after 20 days, whereas the controls remained healthy. The pathogen was re-isolated from infected fruits and was phenotypically identical to the original isolates thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Neopestalotiopsis or Pestalotiopsis spp. were reported to be the causal agents of guava scab in Colombia and in Hawaii (Keith et al. 2006; Solarte et al. 2018). N. clavispora has been reported to cause disease in a broad range of hosts (Ge et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2018), but not in guava. This is the first report of N. clavispora causing guava scab in China. There would be no harvest if this disease is left unmanaged.

Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for an evolving large jugal lipoma: a comprehensive case study

Lipoma, the most common benign mesenchymal neoplasm in soft tissues, is characterized by the localized growth of fat cells. In the oral cavity, lipomas typically present as well-defined, slow-growing, solitary submucosal nodules that are painless. They are generally easily diagnosed clinically, although there is a possibility of confusion with other neoplasms in the oral cavity In the cervicofacial area, lipomas account for 13% to 20% of cases, with the posterior cervical region being the most frequently involved. A 45-year-old male patient with an unremarkable medical history presented with a slowly evolving left jugal swelling that had been persistent for eight years. CT scan performed without any sign of infiltration. Surgical excision was done and histopathological exam has confirmed a lipoma. Infiltrative lipomas require particular attention, and it is advisable to remove them with a margin of healthy tissue to prevent recurrence. This strategy aims to ensure complete removal of the tumor and reduce the risk of its return. Keywords: Lipoma, Case report, Benign, Unesthetic, Sub-Saharan Africa.

CDKN2A somatic copy number amplification in normal tissues surrounding gastric carcinoma reduces cancer metastasis risk in droplet digital PCR analysis.

The CDKN2A gene is frequently affected by somatic copy number variations (SCNVs, including deletions and amplifications [SCNdel and SCNamp]) in the cancer genome. Using surgical gastric margin tissue samples (SMs) as the diploid reference in SCNV analysis via CDKN2A/P16-specific real-time PCR (P16-Light), we previously reported that the CDKN2A SCNdel was associated with a high risk of metastasis of gastric carcinoma (GC). However, the status of CDKN2A SCNVs in SMs and their clinical significance have not been reported. Peripheral white blood cell (WBC) and frozen GC and SM tissue samples were collected from patients (n = 80). Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to determine the copy number (CN) of the CDKN2A gene in tissue samples using paired WBCs as the diploid reference. A novel P16-ddPCR system was initially established with a minimal proportion (or limit, 10%) of the detection of CDKN2A CN alterations. While CDKN2A SCNamp events were detected in both SMs and GCs, fewer CDKN2A SCNdel events were detected in SMs than in GCs (15.0% vs. 41.3%, P = 4.77E-04). Notably, significantly more SCNamp and fewer SCNdel of the CDKN2A gene were detected in SMs from GC patients without metastasis than in those from patients with lymph node metastasis by P16-ddPCR (P = 0.023). The status of CDKN2A SCNVs in SM samples was significantly associated with overall survival (P = 0.032). No cancer deaths were observed among the 11 patients with CDKN2A SCNamp. CDKN2A SCNVs in SMs identified by P16-ddPCR are prevalent and significantly associated with GC metastasis and overall survival.

Radiosensitizing Effect of PARP Inhibition on Chondrosarcoma and Chondrocyte Cells Is Dependent on Radiation LET.

Chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that forms in bone and cartilage. The primary treatment involves surgical removal of the tumor with a margin of healthy tissue. Especially if complete surgical removal is not possible, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are used in conjunction with surgery, but with a generally low efficiency. Ongoing researches are focused on understanding the genetic and molecular basis of chondrosarcoma following high linear energy transfer (LET) irradiation, which may lead to treatments that are more effective. The goal of this study is to evaluate the differential effects of DNA damage repair inhibitors and high LET irradiation on chondrosarcoma versus chondrocyte cells and the LET-dependency of the effects. Two chondrosarcoma cell lines with different IDH mutation status and one chondrocyte cell line were exposed to low LET (X-ray) and high LET (carbon ion) irradiation in combination with an Olaparib PARP inhibitor. Cell survival and DNA repair mechanisms were investigated. High LET irradiation drastically reduced cell survival, with a biological efficiency three times that of low LET. Olaparib significantly inhibited PARylation in all the tested cells. A significant reduction in cell survival of both chondrosarcoma and chondrocyte cells was observed following the treatment combining Olaparib and X-ray. PARP inhibition induced an increase in PARP-1 expression and a reduced effect on the cell survival of WT IDH chondrosarcoma cells. No radiosensitizing effect was observed in cells exposed to Olaparib paired with high LET irradiation. NHEJ was activated in response to high LET irradiation, neutralizing the PARP inhibition effect in both chondrosarcoma cell lines. When high LET irradiation is not available, PARP inhibition could be used in combination with low LET irradiation, with significant radiosensitizing effects on chondrosarcoma cells. Chondrocytes may be affected by the treatment combination too, showing the need to preserve normal tissues from radiation fields when this kind of treatment is suggested.

Ocular and Systemic Pharmacokinetics of Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution, 0.25%, Following a Single Dose or Repeated Doses in Dutch-Belted Rabbits.

Purpose: To evaluate the ocular and systemic pharmacokinetics of lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25%, following bilateral topical ocular administration of single and repeated doses in rabbits. Methods: Dutch-belted rabbits (n = 34) were administered lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25%, eye drops, either in a single bilateral dose (Group 1) or twice a day bilaterally for 7 days and once on Day 8 (Group 2). The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution levels of lotilaner were assessed following the single dose in Group 1 and the last dose in Group 2. The drug levels were examined in various ocular tissues and whole blood. The maximal concentration of the drug (Cmax), time to maximal concentration, the terminal phase elimination half-life, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), and total clearance of the drug were determined. Results: In the eyelid margins, lotilaner exhibited the highest observed concentrations at 0.25 hour (h), presenting a mean Cmax of 14,600 ng/mL in Group 1 and 20,100 ng/mL in Group 2. The highest AUC was in the eyelid margin at 242,000 h×ng/mL in Group 1 and 535,000 h×ng/mL in Group 2. In the eyelid margin, the observed clearance rate (0.634 mL/h in single dose, 0.288 mL/h in repeat dose) was the slowest among all ocular tissues in both groups, with the longest half-life of 152 h (∼6.3 days) observed in the repeat dose group. Conclusions: Lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25%, demonstrated rapid ocular tissue absorption into the eyelid margin tissue with a long half-life of almost a week. No adverse effects were observed following topical ocular administration in Dutch-belted rabbits.

Study of Biological Effects Induced in Solid Tumors by Shortened-Duration Thermal Ablation Using High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound.

The HIFU ablation technique is limited by the long duration of the procedure, which results from the large difference between the size of the HIFU beam's focus and the tumor size. Ablation of large tumors requires treating them with a sequence of single HIFU beams, with a specific time interval in-between. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological effects induced in a malignant solid tumor of the rat mammary gland, implanted in adult Wistar rats, during HIFU treatment according to a new ablation plan which allowed researchers to significantly shorten the duration of the procedure. We used a custom, automated, ultrasound imaging-guided HIFU ablation device. Tumors with a 1 mm thickness margin of healthy tissue were subjected to HIFU. Three days later, the animals were sacrificed, and the HIFU-treated tissues were harvested. The biological effects were studied, employing morphological, histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural techniques. Massive cell death, hemorrhages, tissue loss, influx of immune cells, and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed in the HIFU-treated tumors. No damage to healthy tissues was observed in the area surrounding the safety margin. These results confirmed the efficacy of the proposed shortened duration of the HIFU ablation procedure and its potential for the treatment of solid tumors.

3D surface defect map for assessing buccolingual profile of single tooth gaps following alveolar ridge preservation.

A new, non-invasive approach suggests using single intraoral optical scanning to analyze the ridge profile of single-tooth gaps following alveolar ridge preservation in the absence of a baseline scan. This method involves creating a three-dimensional (3D) surface map to identify and assess contour changes and ridge profiles based on the adjacent teeth. The present study was designed as a cross-sectional pilot analysis on a convenience sample of patients undergoing alveolar ridge preservation. Intraoral optical scans were taken on 23 patients, capturing data from 30 edentulous sites. The digital models were then imported into an image analysis software for a 3D surface defect map analysis performed by one examiner. This analysis characterized the buccolingual profile of the single tooth gap relative to the adjacent teeth. 10 linear divergence points, spaced 0.5 mm apart in a corona-apical direction, were identified at the midfacial aspect of the sites. Based on these points the sites were plotted and grouped in three different buccolingual profiles (linear, concave, and convex). Clinical parameters including Keratinized mucosa Width (KMW), and soft tissue phenotype with Colorvue biotype probes were also recorded. Three different buccolingual patterns (linear, convex, and concave) were identified. Seven sites exhibited a linear profile, 10 sites displayed a concave shape, and 13 showed a convex profile. The linear profile had surface discrepancies similar to the neighboring teeth. In contrast, the convex profile revealed mid-buccal discrepancy localized only at the crestal aspect, while the concave had an extended divergence ranging from 1 to 5 mm below the soft tissue margin. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses did not reveal any statistically significant variables influencing profilometric analysis; however, when combining phenotype and KMW, thick phenotypes demonstrated a higher proportion of concavity (OR = 4.83) compared to thin ones, suggesting a significant trend. With every 1 mm of increase in KMW, the probability of showing a concavity decreased (p = 0.057). A 3D surface defect map represents a useful tool for objectively quantifying ridge defects and profiles by assessing profilometric and surface differences compared to adjacent dentition using a single intraoral scan. This method also indicates that KMW may play a critical role in preventing concavity defects. The 3D defect map can guide decision-making during soft tissue augmentation procedures by emphasizing the specific location of the defect and providing more detailed insights into its localization. These parameters can enable the tailoring of flap management and soft tissue grafting strategies to address the patient's individual needs.

Clinical Efficacy of Concentrated Growth Factors for the Management of Marginal Tissue Recession: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To systematically review existing scientific literature to determine, compare, and evaluate whether concentrated growth factors (CGF) or connective tissue grafts (CTG) is a better treatment alternative for patients with marginal tissue recession (MTR). Electronic databases like PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar were screened from the last 20 years reporting treatment of MTR using CGF or CTG and other techniques. Periodontal parameters like probing depth, clinical attachment level, recession depth, recession width, keratinized tissue width, root coverage, increase in gingival thickness and plaque index, and gingival index were compared. Standardized mean difference was used as a summary statistic measure with a random effect model and P value <0.05 as statistically significant. Six studies fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in qualitative synthesis, of which only 4 studies were suitable for meta-analysis. The pooled estimate through standardized mean difference signifies that CGF was superior to CTG in the reduction of probing depth, gingival index, and plaque index and gain in clinical attachment level while CTG was superior in reducing the recession depth and recession width. Both the procedures had an overall equal effect on keratinized tissue width and root coverage, but these differences were statistically insignificant ( P >0.05). Publication bias through the funnel plot showed symmetric distribution without systematic heterogeneity. The present study suggests that treatment of MTR with CTG or CGF resulted in clinically favorable outcomes, but no statistically significant differences was observed between these 2 procedures regarding the outcome.

Decreased expression of p53 is associated with down expression of zyxin in breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is considered one of the most common malignant tumors leading to death in women, and genetic factors have a crucial role in BC pathogenesis. Zyxin (ZYX) is one of these factors that may be important in p53 level and function. Thus, the present work aimed to investigate the ZYX gene and protein expression in tumor tissue and matched margin tissue and its correlation with the p53 expression. In a present case-control study, 30 tumors and 30 matched margin tissues were obtained from Iran Tumor Bank/Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis techniques were applied to evaluate the genes and protein expression, respectively. The data showed that expression of the ZYX gene in tumor tissues significantly decreased (p = 0.0274) compared to matched margin tissues. In contrast, the p53 gene expression in tumor tissues had no significant difference with matched margin tissues. Additionally, we observed that ZYX and p53 genes expression in tumor tissues of estrogen receptor-positive patients had significant elevation than estrogen receptor-negative patients (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The data of the western blot analysis technique showed that protein expression of ZYX (p = 0.0024) and P53 protein (p = 0.0218) in tumor tissues was significantly reduced compared to matched margin tissues. Additionally, our analysis showed a direct and significant correlation between the expression of ZYX and p53 proteins (r = 0.7797, p = 0.0126) and expression of ZYX and p53 genes (r = 0.3079, p = 0.0187). Based on our observation, ZYX might have a tumor suppressor role and is associated with p53.