Mardin Province Research Articles

Investigation of Adult Cancer Frequency and Distribution in Mardin Province

Investigation of Adult Cancer Frequency and Distribution in Mardin Province

Investigation of colorectal cancer distribution in mardin province

Colorectal cancers are the third most common tumors both in the world and in Turkey. Its frequency may vary according to geographical regions, environmental conditions and feeding habits. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of CRC patients admitted to Mardin State Hospital Medical Oncology Outpatient Clinic according to age, sex, diagnosis and stage. The records of patients admitted to Mardin State Hospital Medical Oncology Clinic between 2014-2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients over 18 years of age were included in the study. Gender, diagnosis and disease stages of the patients were recorded. A total of 1208 patients were examined. 160 colorectal cancer patients (13.2%) were detected. 74 (46.3%) of the patients were female and 86 (53.8%) were male. The male / female patient ratio was 1.16 / 1. While the median age of the whole group was 57 (19-93), the median age of the women was 57.78 (24-86) and the median age of the men was 56 (19-93). The ratio of colon cancer / rectal cancer in men was 54/32 (62.8 / 37.2%), whereas it was 44/30 (59.5 / 40.5%) in women. There was no difference in the age of the groups according to the diagnosis of colon and rectal cancer and gender (p = 0.37 and p = 0.59). There was no difference between the groups when the diagnoses and stages were compared by gender (p = 0.66 and p= 0.18). When the application stage was examined in all groups, the least application was in stage 1, and the most common application was in stage 4. 32 patients (20%) were over 70 years old and 19 (11.9%) were over 75 years old. The number of patients ≤49 years and 50-64 years were 51 (31.9%) and 64 (40%), respectively. This study includes the first CRC data of Mardin province. CRC patients in Mardin are diagnosed at a younger age and in an advanced stage. Since diagnosis and treatment methods are not sufficient in Mardin, patients are mostly diagnosed outside the province. Therefore, the number of patients is limited. Nevertheless, the statistics will be the first to guide future studies.

Domestic violence and affecting factors among married women aged between 15-49 Years

Domestic violence against women is an important public health problem commonly encountered in all societies, manifesting itself as a negative outcome of gender inequality. This study has been carried out in Mardin province to determine the prevalence of exposure to domestic violence among women aged between 15-49 years and the affecting factors. The population of the study consisted of the women aged between 15-49 years living in Mardin and 1111 people were selected for sampling. Through repeated visits, 1064 people were included in the study (the responsiveness rate was 95.8%). x² (chi-square) test was used in the statistical analysis. The average age of women was 32.5 ± 8.2. 29.4% of them were illiterate. 47.5% of them were married by prearrangement. 25.9% of them were subjected to physical violence by their father and 37.6% by their mother in the past. The women were exposed to physical (44.5%), verbal/emotional (56.4%), economic (37.7%), and sexual violence (14.8%) at least once in their lifetime. 13.2% of them are still exposed to domestic physical violence, 15.8% to verbal/emotional violence, and 7.3% to sexual violence. As the educational levels, socioeconomic status, and monthly income of women and their husbands decrease, the rate of exposure to violence increases (p

CONDENSATION ANALYSIS OF THE INSULATION OF WALLS ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN MARDIN PROVINCE

In this study, condensation and vapor diffusion caused by different positioned insulation in the wall for Mardin province were analyzed. In the analysis, according to 2008 standard of TS 825, Glaser graphing method and graphical user interface (GUI) were used in MATLAB. Extruded polyurethane foam was used as the insulation material and normal unreinforced concrete was selected as the wall. Evaporation and condensation amounts were determined by creating 6 different wall models with the same insulation thickness of 20 cm thick and unreinforced concrete wall covered with 2 cm plaster on the inside and 3 cm thickness on the outside. The data obtained for 2 cm and 4 cm insulation thicknesses are presented in tables and the results are interpreted for Mardin province. As a result, it was seen that the worst wall structure in terms of condensation and evaporation was obtained in the middle insulated wall and later in the interior insulated wall structure. The externally insulated wall showed no condensation.

Pest Insect Species, Distribution and Densities in Olive Orchards in Mardin Province

Bu çalışma, Mardin ili Merkez'e bağlı Dara köyü ile Derik, Nusaybin ve Kızıltepe ilçelerindeki zeytin bahçelerinde bulunan zararlı böcek türlerini belirlemek amacıyla 2014-2015 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Örneklemeler, kimyasal girdilerin (pestisit, gübre vs.) uygulanmadığı her biri en az 30–40 adet zeytin ağacına sahip olan 8 farklı bahçede yapılmıştır. Örneklemelerde eşeysel çekici tuzaklar, görsel renk tuzakları, darbe yöntemi, gözle kontrol yöntemi ve laboratuvar çalışmalarında da kültüre alma yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda 4 takıma bağlı 7 familyaya ait toplam 7 adet zararlı böcek türü tespit edilmiştir. Belirlenen bu türlerden, zeytin bahçelerinde zararlı olan Euphyllura straminea Loginova (Hem.:Psyllidae), Prays oleae Bern.(Lepidoptera: Praydidae), Closterotomus (Calocoris) trivialis Costa (Hemiptera: Miridae), Bactrocera oleae Gmel (Diptera: Tephritidae) ve Phloeotribus scarabaeoides Bernard (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)' in oluşturdukları zarar, yayılış ve yoğunluk açısından birinci derecede zararlı türler oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu türlerin dışında Parlatoria oleae Colvee (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) ve Agalmatium flavescens Oliver (Hemiptera: Issidae) türlerinin ise zeytin bahçelerinde düşük yoğunlukta bulunan ikinci derecede zararlılar olduğu saptanmıştır.

Determination of Pomological Characteristics of Local Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Genotypes Grown in Artuklu and Kızıltepe Vicinities, Mardin Province

Bu araştırmada, Mardin ili
 Artuklu ve Kızıltepe ilçelerinde doğal olarak yetişen, yöre iklimine adapte
 olmuş, üstün kalite özellikli yerel nar genotiplerine ait pomolojik
 özelliklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada 18 genotip üzerinde
 çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda; meyve ağırlığının, 207,3-689,5 g; meyve
 boyunun, 65-95,8 mm; meyve eninin, 72,8-108 mm; kaliks uzunluğunun, 12,1-17,9
 mm; kaliks yarıçapının, 9,15-22,5 mm; toplam dane ağırlığının, 84-400 g; 100
 dane ağırlığının, 25,3-49,4 g; dane randımanının, %40,5-78,4; meyve suyu
 hacminin ise 78-296 ml arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca SÇKM, %15-18;  titre edilebilir asit miktarı %0,06-0,69 ve
 pH’ nın %2,38-3,49 arasında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunların yanında
 genotiplerin kabuk alt zemin rengi, kabuk üst zemin rengi, çekirdek sertliği,
 meyve tadı, dane rengi, odacık sayıları, odacıkların görünümü, daneleme
 kolaylığı ve meyve posa ağırlıkları tespit edilmiştir. Tartılı derecelendirme
 yöntemine göre altı genotipin üstün özellik gösterdiği ve ümitvar olduğu
 kanaatine varılmıştır.

The Place of Phonetic, Morfology and Grammar of Garzan Sub-dialect Among Other Sub-Dialects of Kurdmanci Dialect and Other Dialects of Kurdish

Hudûdên devoka herêma Xerzan, ji hudûdê bajarê Bidlîsê dest pê dike, heta hudûdê Mûş, Dîyarbekir, Batman û Mêrdînê dewam dike û digihêje heta sînorê devoka Torî ku di nav sînorên Mêrdînê da cih digire. Devoka Xerzan, di dirêjahîya domahîya dîrokê da neçar maye ku di bin desthilatdarîya dewletên curbicur da bimêne. Her çiqas zemanê berê li herêma Xerzan nufûsa ermenîyan jî hebûye, bes îro tenê şênîyên ku bi erebî, kurmancîya jor û kirmanckî/zazakî/dimbilkî dipeyivin li vir dijîn. Zemanê ku ermenî li vir hebûn, dînî Îsewîyan jî hebûye; lêbelê îro tenê muntesîbên dînê Îslamê ku li ser mezhebê Sunnî-Şafîî ne li vir dijîn. Di vê xebatê da taybetmendîyên devoka Xerzan û dîyaleketa kurmancîya jêrîn û devokên din ên kurmancî yên mîna devoka Torê, Mêrdîn, Dîyarbekir û Serhedê digel hev hatine berawirdkirin. Li ser bingehê hewl hatîye dayîn ku tesbîta karakterên hevbeş ên devoka Xerzan û dîyalektên din, digel ên kurmancîya jêrîn bihê kirin.

Ecology, Population Development and Damage of Euphyllura Straminea Log. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Causing Damage in Olive Orchards

This study was carried out in 2010 and 2011 to determine some biological characteristics and population development of Euphyllura straminea Log. which causes damage in olive orchards (Mardin province) in the south-east of Turkey. In the study, the samples were taken from three different orchards containing 30–40 olive trees. As a result of the study, it was determined that the adults of the pest were present in nature all the year round and hibernated the winter as adult. Adults left their hibernation sites with the warming of the weather and laid eggs in shoots, buds, and flowers. The insect had three annual generations in a year (depending on ecological conditions) and the population density and the ratio of damage decreased especially in rainy years. There is a close relationship between the ecology of E. straminea and plant phenology and climatic conditions.

Chemical characterization and storage stability of extra virgin olive oil extracted from Derik Halhalı cultivar

Turkish olive cultivar known as “Halhalı” that is locally grown in Mardin (Derik) province, situated in the southeast Anatolia, was used for virgin olive oil (VOO) production. Halhalı olive was processed in the “Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit” (TEM Oliomio 500-2GV, Italy) designed as the first mobile olive mill in Turkey. Some chemical and physical properties (colour, UV absorbance values, free fatty acid content, peroxide value, phenolic and tocopherol profiles) were determined and monitored during one year of storing in the dark at room temperature once in every three months. Results showed that up to the eighth month of storage, free fatty acid content, peroxide and UV-absorption values (K232 and K232 values) did not exceed the limits reported by International Olive Council (IOC) and olive oils were categorized as Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO). Colour changed from green to yellow and UV absorbance values altered during storage. Total phenol and vitamin E (α- tocopherol) contents decreased by 18% and 16.38%, respectively. Luteolin and apigenin were the most abundant phenolics and their contents decreased up to 22% and 28% during storing, respectively.

Reyhanî: Mardin'de Müziğin ve Dansın Otantik Bileşimi

Mardin’de bin yıllardır süregelen kültürel aktarımın bugüne taşıdığı değerlerden biri de reyhanîdir. Ritüel kökenli bir dans ve müzik olarak reyhanî, Mardin tarihinden bugüne kalan; güncel şartlara adapte olabilmiş ve yeniden yorumlanmış geleneksel bir folklor verisidir. Reyhanî hem bir halk dansının hem de müziğinin ismidir. Dans, kadınlar ve erkekler tarafından icra edilebilir ve hasat sonrası Tanrı’ya şükretmenin, iyilik ve güzellik için dua etmenin, sevdiğine bağlılık yemini etmenin gösterisi şeklinde tasarlanır. Reyhan bitkisine nispetle bu isimle anıldığı rivayet edilen reyhanî, aynı zamanda müziğinin dokusu ile dinleyenlere ve izleyenlere rehavet vermesi bakımından da reyhan bitkisinin rahatlatıcı kokusu ile ilişkilendirilir. Ruh kelimesi ile bağıntısı, Hz. İsa’nın çarmıha gerilmesi anlatısında yer alması ve Kuran’ı Kerim’de cennet tasvirinde zikredilmesi, reyhan bitkisine kutsiyet atfedilmesini ve dolayısı ile dansa ve müziğe teolojik anlamlar yüklenmesini doğurur. Bu çalışmada bir dans ve müzik olarak Mardin şehir merkezinde icra edilen reyhanî, geleneksel yönleri ve güncel durumu ile ele alınmış; beden folkloru ve beden müziği gibi çağdaş yaklaşımlar bağlamında irdelenmiştir. Konuya ilişkin bilgiler, Mardin ilinde gözlem ve görüşme metotları ile derlenmiş, analiz edilmiş ve gerekli kavramsallaştırmalara ulaştırılmıştır. Reyhanî dansı ve müziğinin Mardin’in tanıtımına sağlayabileceği katkılar üzerinde durulmuş ve söz konusu katkılara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Ka a Temporal Prefix in Mardini Arabic Derived from the Verb Kana (To Be)

Grammaticalization is usually thought of as that subset of linguistic changes through which a lexical item in certain uses becomes a grammatical item, or through which a grammatical item becomes more grammatical (Hopper- Traugott, 2). This paper is an attempt to present this phenomenon, showing the results of our investigation on the development of the temporal marker in Mardini Arabic (spoken in Mardin province situated in Southern Turkey) from lexical items (kan-to be) into grammatical prefix (ka). This prefix is attached to the extratem- poral forms of the verb (imperfective and perfective). The verb kana (to be) existent both in standard Arabic and in all the Arabic dialects, has syntactically the role of a temporal marker that changes the tem- poral situation of a normal sentence (without kana). When the verb kana modi- fies a verbal sentence, both kana and the verb that follows it, independently take all the marks of conjugation (aspect, mood, person, gender and number). Hence, we realize that kana is not an auxiliary verb and the Arabic language does not have compound tense forms.

On the Butterflies of Savur district (Mardin Province, Southeastern Turkey)

In this study, collected butterfly species from Savur district of Mardin in 2016 and 2017 were presented. A total of 35 species were given in the Papilionidae (2), Pieridae (11), Satyridae (8), Argynnidae (4), Lycaenidae (5) and Hesperiidae (5) families. Original reference, synonyms, and examined materials were added for each species. All of the butterflies that are presented are new to fauna of Savur district. However 6 species: Euchloe ausonia (Hübner, [1804]), Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pieridae), Melitaea phoebe (Goeze, 1779) (Argynnidae), Plebejus sephirus (Frivaldszky, 1835) (Lycaenidae), Carcharodus lavatherae (Esper, [1783]) and Eogenes alcides Herrich-Schäffer, [1852] (Hesperiidae) are the first record for Mardin Province.

Morphometric and genetic variability among Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode ( Heterodera latipons ) populations in Turkey

The Mediterranean cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons, is an important plant parasitic nematode that negatively impacts cereal production worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin. Successful control of cereal cyst nematodes requires knowledge of the nematode species/pathotypes and their biology. However, little information is currently available concerning the phenotypic and genotypic variability of H. latipons populations in Turkey. This study analyzed the morphological/morphometric and genetic characteristics of Turkish H. latipons populations to define intraspecific distinctions between them. Morphological and morphometric studies focused on the pattern of the perineal region of cysts and second stage juveniles (J2), while the molecular analyses used sequenced ITS-rDNA regions targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. The data from these investigations demonstrate that nematode populations from Adana and Hatay provinces differ from the populations collected in Kilis, Gaziantep, and Mardin provinces. These phenotypic and genotypic differences between H. latipons populations may indicate that they are heterogenic, with at least two pathotypes. To date, this study is the most comprehensive analysis identifying H. latipons populations in major wheat-producing areas of Turkey.

Mardin İl ve İlçelerine Bağlı Köy Meralarının Temel Vejetasyon Özellikleri

This study was carried out in 2015 with the aim of determining some vegetation characteristics of pastures of 33 villages of Mardin province and its subprovinces. Modified wheeled loop method was used in the study to determine the vegetation characteristics of these pastures. Total 132 plant species were identified by the vegetation survey. Studied pastures were dominated by 5 decreaser, 5 increaser and 122 invader species. According to the classification of species in pasture vegetation, the proportion of decreaser, increaser and invasive species were determined as 2.08%, 3.15% and 94.77%, respectively. The average plant coverage rate of surveyed pastures was 71.35%. The average proportion of legumes in botanical composition was 40.66%, the proportion of grasses was 22.82% and the proportion of other families was 36.52%. According to the results obtained from the surveys, all of the studied pastures were classified as weak. In terms of pasture health, 19 pastures were determined as problematic, 10 pastures as risky and 4 pastures as healthy. These results show that; a large number of the studied pastures are in a need of utilization with caution where the remaining parts need to be included in rehabilitation programs urgently.

Polygala azizsancarii (Polygalaceae), a new species from Mardin Province, SE Turkey

Polygala azizsancarii Dönmez (Polygalaceae) is herein described and illustrated as a new species from Mardin province in SE Turkey. This new species is similar to P. kurdica and P. supina, but it clearly differs by several morphological characters. Diagnostic characters of this new species are discussed with respect to taxonomy and illustrations. Conservation status of the new species is also assessed according to field observations. An updated identification key is presented for the Turkish species of the genus, which currently includes 18 taxa.

An ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Turkey), a city on the silk road where cultures meet

BackgroundStudies of ethnobotanical usages in south-eastern Turkey are rare. To widen this field of knowledge, we conducted an ethnobotanical study in Midyat (Mardin Province), Turkey.MethodsThe field study was completed during three years (2007–2010). Our aim was to document the ethnobotanical uses of local plants and to make an ethnobotanical inventory of uncommon plants using qualitative interviews.ResultsDuring field studies, 368 voucher specimens were collected in the investigated area. Ninety-two traditionally used plant species were reported from Midyat and surrounding vicinities in Turkey. Among the 92 taxa (129 usages), 35% were used for medical purposes, 22% for food, 13% for animal fodder, 7% as ornamental plants and dyes, 6% as brooms, 4% for latex and as fragrance, 4% for herbal tea, molasses and wine preparation, 3% for agricultural purposes, and 6% for other purposes. Comparative assessment showed that Teucrium polium (0.51), Matricaria aurea (0.26), Alcea setosa (0.21), and Malva neglecta (0.21) have the highest recorded UVs, and the following taxa had UVs between 0.10–0.20: Anthemis cotula (0.12), Allium cepa (0.13), Alcea striata subsp. striata (0.14), Crupina crupinastrum (0.12), Papaver rhoeas (0.13), Salvia multicaulis (0.14), Thymbra spicata (0.11), and Vicia pannonica subsp. striata (0.15). We reported the ethnobotanical usages of 21 taxa for the first time, in addition to indicating usages previously recorded in the literature. We also recorded four endemic plant usages in the area: Alkanna trichophila var. mardinensis, Centaurea kurdica, Centaurea stapfiana, and Sideritis libanotica subsp. linearis. They have variable leaf and flower morphology that are used traditionally. They are present as well-developed populations and thus their conservation status is not compromised. Additionally, Thymbra sintenisii is a recorded species that is classified as a rare and extensively used species in the region.ConclusionsThese results contribute to the fundamental knowledge of ethnobotanical usages in Midyat. To date, ethnobotanical studies have not been carried out in this region. This investigation uncovered usages of endemic medicinal plant species and traditional knowledge of Midyat communities living in a mixed culture. The people of Midyat, Batman, and Şırnak are Turkish citizens from various ethnic backgrounds, such as Kurdish, Arabic, and Syriac. We compared our data with results from other studies conducted in Turkey, particularly in south-eastern and eastern regions, as well as with studies from bordering countries, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Iran. Nonetheless, more work needs to be conducted to extend the present knowledge for locals to contribute to and evaluate economic potential in the region.

The Relationship between Levels of Nomophobia Prevalence and Internet Addiction among High School Students: the factors influencing Nomophobia

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between nomophobia levels of high school students and their Internet Addiction. This study also investigates the factors including duration of smartphone and mobile Internet use that trigger and create this phenomenon. In order to explore the prevalence of nomophobia among high school students, the survey model was adopted in this study. As part of this survey, 929 high school students were randomly selected among 9th to 12th graders from Turkish high schools in different socioeconomic areas of Afyon, Ankara, and Mardin provinces. In the data collection process, a demographics questionnaire was employed, as well as a nomophobia scale and Internet addiction scale. According to the results, the nomophobia levels of high school students were found to be slightly above average. Pertaining to gender differences, female students have a higher tendency to exhibit nomophobic behaviors compared to male students. Additionally, students’ grade levels (which could also be considered as age) has no effect on the prevalence of nomophobia. Considering the duration of smartphone ownership, it was found that the longer the duration of smartphone usage, the higher the risk of exhibiting nomophobic behaviors. Finally, the results indicated that the higher the level of student Internet addiction, the more nomophobic behaviors they tend to exhibit.

Management of the Stink Bugs Dolycoris baccarum (L.) and Piezodorus lituratus (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), and Chalky Spot Damage on Red Lentil in Southeast Anatolia Region, Turkey

Chalky spot damage caused by the stink bugs Dolycoris baccarum (L.) and Piezodorus lituratus (F.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a serious problem for red lentil production in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. This study aimed to determine spraying time against stink bugs, based on lentil developmental stages and evaluate potential agronomic methods (early vs. timely harvest and traditional harvest with sickle bar mower vs. combine harvester) to reduce chalky spot. Field trials were carried out during 2011–2012 in three provinces of Southeast Anatolia (Diyarbakir, Mardin and Sanliurfa).Chalky spot damage was initiated at the R6 stage (full seed, seed on nodes 10-13 fill the pod cavities) when the stink bug nymphs started to be observed and the plant had soft immature seeds that were more susceptible to feeding by stink bugs. In early harvested lentil fields, the percentage of chalky spot damage was 0.60 and 0.20 in Diyarbakir and Sanliurfa provinces, respectively. It was lower than that of timely harvest. On the other hand, damaged seed percentage significantly reduced by changing the harvesting from traditional to combine harvesting and damage ratio was 0.90 and 0.00 in Diyarbakir and Mardin provinces, respectively. We conclude that the management to protect lentil crops from stink bug infestations should be initiated at the R6 growth stage, and that crops should be harvested a week earlier using combine harvester to reduce stink bug density and chalky spot damage.

Mardin de Çekilen Dizi ve Filmlere Dönük Yerel Halkın Algısı

Having a rich cultural heritage, Mardin has been a place of choice for many film and TV series producers for years, due to the historical, cultural and natural richness it has, and the authenticity of its social values, which have reached daily from past years. In this study, it was aimed to determine the perceptions of the local people about the economic, cultural and environmental effects of films and TV series filmed in Mardin and contribution to Mardin tourism. In the study, the questionnaire technique was chosen as the data collection tool and the data were obtained by face to face interview with 401 individuals living in Mardin province with convenience sampling approach. The obtained data were analyzed by frequency analysis, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests. According to research findings, local people think that television series and films shot in the region contribute positively to the economy and promotion of the city. However, it has been observed that they have negative perceptions such as misunderstanding of cultures, exaggerated lifestyles, and the attempt to obtain economic rents.

Mardin ili bağ alanlarında zararlı Thrips türleri ile mücadele olanaklarının belirlenmesi

In this research, the determination of control possibilities against harmful thrips species in vineyard areas in Mardin province were investigated. Bioinsecticide trials were done in the vineyards between 2012-2013. In experiments, the highest rate of effect in the vineyards has been taken by 20 ml dose of spinosad with 93.11% and 500 ml dose of the azadirachtin with 89.60%, respectively. As a result of trials, efficacy of doses decreased daily while the highest effect was at the end of 7th day and the lowest effect occurred at the end of the 15th day. In addition, trials were carried out in order to determine the orientation and capture of the visual blue and yellow sticky traps of harmful thrips species. By comparing numbers of captured individuals in the blue sticky, it was determined that numbers of captured individuals in the blue sticky traps hanged in vineyard area was notably high.