Waste Marble Dust Research Articles

Development and characterization of polymer-based composites filled with micro-sized waste marble dust

This investigation explores the possibility of developing a new class of particulate-filled polyester composites using waste marble dust as filler. The dusts collected from local construction sites are sieved to three different sizes (58, 110, and 155 μm). Polyester composites are fabricated with filler in different weight proportions (0, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 wt%). A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study is done to get an insight into the chemistry of composite formation. Scanning electron microscopy reveals the surface features of the filler as well as the composites. X-Ray diffraction tests are carried out on the raw filler and on the composites to ascertain the presence of hard phases. The experimental findings suggest that, while the tensile and flexural strengths of the composites marginally drop with the incorporation of marble dust, there is reasonable improvement in compressive strength, impact strength, and Shore hardness. The density and voids are also affected by the size and content of filler particles in the composite. Armed with lightweight, improved hardness, and impact strength, these polyester–marble composites are expected to find potential use in wear-related engineering applications.

Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with partial replacements of metakaolin and marble powder

Concrete is the most widely used and versatile building material which is generally used to resist compressive force. By addition of some pozzolanic materials as admixtures, the various properties of concrete can be improved. Many modern concrete mixes are modified with the addition of admixtures, which improve the micro structural properties as well as decrease the calcium hydroxide concentration by consuming it through a pozzolanic reaction. Metakaolin is a cementitious pozzolanic material highly efficient and can react rapidly with the excess calcium hydroxide resulting from OPC hydration by a pozzolanic reaction, to produce calcium silicate hydrate and calcium alumino silicate hydrates. Due to rapid growth of construction activity, the available sources of natural sand are getting exhausted. Therefore, it is necessary to replace natural sand in concrete by an alternate material either partially or completely without compromising the quality of concrete. Waste marble dust is one such material which can be used to replace sand as fine aggregate in concrete. The present study describes an experimental program conducted to investigate the flexural behaviour of Reinforced Concrete beams with metakaolin as partial replacement for cement and marble powder as partial replacement for river sand in preparation of concrete. The percentage replacement of cement by metakaolin considered in this experimental study are 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% by weight of cement and sand by marble powder are 20, 15, 10, 5 and 0%. The mechanical properties such as compressive and split tensile strength are analysed for conventional and modified concretes, at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days. A total of five RC beams, with dimensions 150 × 200 × 1500 mm was cast and tested under four point loading. The observations made were initial crack load, ultimate failure load and deflection of the beams. The results show that metakaolin and marble powder can be used as alternate construction materials at lower percentage replacement levels.

Investigation of Thermal and Strength Properties of a Novel Composite Developed for Insulation as Building Material

The aim of the present study is to produce novel developed composite materials which provide thermal insulation by using waste and natural materials in construction applications. Composite construction samples were prepared using an expanded perlite aggregate of 15 % wt., 30 % wt., and 45 % wt., which had the grain sizes of 0–3 mm, 3–5 mm and 5–8 mm, as well as waste marble dust of 5 % and 15 % filtrated from a 300 µm sieve, combined with molten tragacanth of 0 %, 0.5 % and 1 %, and CEMI 42.5 N-type portland cement. The microstructure of the composite samples was examined by the SEM analysis. Density, thermal conductivity, compressive strength, abrasion loss, water absorption, compressive strength after high temperature, and compressive strength after freeze–thaw tests were performed on these composite samples. It was found that the density values of composite materials decreased from 1.983 g·cm−3 to 0.933 g·cm−3. It was observed that their porosity ratios up to 43 % were improved by increasing the amount of waste marble dust, expanded perlite and molten tragacanth, additionally, while their compressive strengths decreased. Thermal conductivity of the porous samples decreased from 0.468 W·m−1·K−1 to 0.167 W·m−1·K−1 by raising their porosity, which corresponds to a reduction of 36%. It was observed that as the rates and sizes of the materials used in the samples, their thermal conductivity, compressive strength and density values decreased, and the abrasion loss and water absorption increased.

SIGNIFICANCE OF MARBLE AND PORTLAND CEMENT

The aim of this current study is both to avoid the environmental. In this way, we will help to protect the environment by consuming the waste marble dust obtained as a by- product of marble sawing and shaping processes in the factories those operating in our region. Stone industry is an important factor in worldwide economy. Despite this, a large amount of residues is produced in ornamental stone industry with different dimension and particle size. The increasing rate at which raw material are continuously transformed into industrial products results in waste generation. Consequently, recycling of industrial wastes and byproducts is becoming a crucial demand by the environmental laws in agreement with the concept of sustainable development. The present study was therefore planned to explore the possibility of usage of waste marble powder (WMP) as partial replacement of sand for production of concrete This research work is concerned with the experimental investigation on strength of concrete and optimum percentage of the partial replacement by replacing (OPC) cement via 0%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20% of stone waste. Keeping all this view, the aim of the investigation is the behavior of concrete while replacing of waste with different proportions of stone waste in concrete by using tests like compression strength.

Processing and wear response study of glass‐polyester composites with waste marble dust as particulate filler

AbstractProper management of any waste lies in using its potential in the development of some value added products. In line with this, the present research has explored the use of marble dust, an industrial/construction waste as a secondary filler in the glass‐polyester material system to prepare wear‐resistant hybrid composites. Such hybrid composites are fabricated through a simple hand layup route. The composites are characterized in regard to their density and porosity. Mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural strength, are evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Dry sliding wear trials are conducted under different test conditions using a pin‐on‐disc test rig as per ASTM G 99‐05 following Taguchi's L25 orthogonal array. Significant control factors influencing the specific wear rates (SWRs) are identified and an optimal factor setting based on minimum wear is found out. Scanning electron microscopy of the worn composite surfaces is done to ascertain the possible wear mechanisms. Analysis revealed that the incorporation of filler helps in reducing the wear rate of the composites. Thus, the wear resistance of glass‐polyester composites is improved significantly by the incorporation of marble dust. Furthermore, a prediction model based on artificial neural networks is developed to estimate the SWR within and beyond the experimental domain.

Development of green concrete using waste marble dust

The use of industrial waste locks as a raw material to reduce their adverse effects on the environment and to enhance its environmental efficiency. Marble mud powder can be used as a filling assist and leads to can complete voids of concrete construction. This paper shows how to use a 100 percent alternative to natural sand in concrete with the marble mud dust. This research examined the strength of compression and the microstructure of mixed cement. Cement hydration products have been detected by electron microscopy scanning. The strength is described by various parameters: curing time, composition of the binder and (vadium/aggregate) ratio. Composite cements were found at 28 days and higher intensity than 7 days. The greater the strength, the more dust the marble contains. The concrete is thus made of marble dust that contributes to natural resource consumption and to reducing pollution and environmental pollution.

Wear analysis of waste marble dust-filled polymer composites with an integrated approach based on design of experiments and neural computation

Waste marble dust is a solid waste generated during the cutting and polishing of marble pieces in construction sites and also in marble processing industries. This paper reports on the utilization of this waste as a filler material in particulate-filled polymer composite. Polyester-based composites are prepared with different weight proportions of waste marble dust and the dry sliding wear behavior of these composites is studied. Wear trials are conducted using a pin-on-disc test apparatus based on the Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal array as per ASTM G 99-05. The effects of different parameters on the specific wear rate of the composites are studied and an optimum combination of parameters is obtained for the least wear rate. Based on the experimental data, a prediction model using the artificial neural network is used to predict the specific wear rate of the composites at a wider range of operating parameters, within and beyond the test region. The morphologies of the worn surfaces are studied by a scanning electron microscope to ascertain the wear mechanism of the composites at different conditions. This work thus opens up a new avenue for the value added utilization of a waste like marble dust in tribological applications.

Use of waste marble dust and recycled glass for sustainable concrete production

Abstract Commitments on reducing embodied CO2 emissions and declining available natural resources puts pressure on the concrete sector to produce more sustainable approaches. Waste materials are widely being used in concrete production. Feasibility and practicality of waste materials on concrete properties are mainly associated with fresh and hardened properties. The use of waste materials can be feasible only under the condition of successful satisfaction of environmental and economic sustainability. In this respect, this research aimed to investigate fresh and hardened properties of equal 28 d design strength (45 MPa) concretes made with natural aggregates and 5% and 10% marble dust as a replacement of Portland cement and Portland cement mix containing 20% recycled glass sand as a replacement to natural sand. Then, a further detailed investigation was carried out to assess the environmental and economic sustainability of laboratory mixes. The results showed that the use of waste materials provided similar fresh properties as control mix. The 28 d compressive cube strength decreased by 10%–19% for recycled glass sand and marble dust added mixes. Studies assessing other engineering properties, including sound permeability, thermal conductivity and water permeability showed enhanced performances for waste incorporated mixes. Regarding sustainability performance, marble dust and recycled glass sand mixes had a lower environmental footprint and higher cost compared to conventional concrete. Considering overall performance analysis, marble dust and recycled glass sand showed 17% and 8% improvement, respectively, revealing a promising solution for sustainable concrete production.

Reusing marble dust as reinforcement material for better mechanical performance: studies on compositing aluminum matrix

The present paper addresses the effects of the preheating of reinforcement particles on the performance of an aluminium metal composite. Waste marble dust particles were used as reinforcements in the Al 6063 aluminium matrix. The aluminium composites were fabricated by preheating the marbles particles at and 200 °C, 100 °C and at room temperature with the help of friction stir processing technique. Tensile strength, micro-hardness, wear and friction behavior of the fabricated materials were compared with aluminium marble dust composite fabricated with room temperature heated marble dust. It was observed that the aluminium marble dust composite processed with 200 °C preheated marble dust resulted in maximum tensile strength and micro-hardness as compared to the composite fabricated with room temperature heated marble dust. Improvement of 52% in tensile strength and 29% in micro-hardness as compared to the composite with room temperature preheated marble dust. The wear and friction properties for the Al-MD composite were also enhanced with the introduction of preheated marble dust in the aluminium matrix. There was an improvement of 25% in the specific wear rate and 23% in the coefficient of friction for the fabricated aluminium marble dust composite as compared to the composite with room temperature preheated marble dust.

Utilization of Several Industrial Wastes as Raw Material for Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement.

The aim of this research was to study the production of calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement from several industrial waste materials including with marble dust waste, flue gas desulfurization gypsum, ceramics dust waste, and napier grass ash. The chemical composition, microstructure, and phase composition of raw materials were examined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. All raw wastes were analyzed using their chemical composition to assign proportion for raw mixture. The raw mixture is calcined at controlled calcination temperatures ranging from 1200 °C to 1300 °C for 30 min. Subsequently, with analysis, their phase composition is calculated by the Rietveld refinement technique. The results suggested that phase composition of clinker calcined at 1250 °C shows the closest composition when compared to target phases, and was selected to prepare CSA cement. The FTIR analysis was performed to study the hydration processes of CSA cement. The Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) based with adding CSA cement between 20 wt.% and 40 wt.% were investigated for the effect of CSA cement fraction on water requirement, setting times and compressive strength. The results showed that rapid setting and high early strength can be achieved by the addition of 20–40 wt.% CSA cement to OPC.

Efficiency of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Containing Waste Marble dust and Waste Foundry Sand

The study focused on the effect of marble dust 0-10% (MD) by weight of cement content, waste foundry sand 0-30% (WFS) replaced by normal river sand and inclusion of glued steel fibres 0-1.5% (GSF) by volume fraction and also 1.5% of chemical admixture(SP) by weight of binding materials produced the excellent quality of structural concrete. Conversely, the replacement level of WSF can be limited up to 30%, Further, add into the concrete will affect the strength. From the test results observed that the 10% of MP, 20 % of WFS with 1.5% of GSF along with 1.5% of SP in concrete produced the higher compressive strength was 34.20, 39.90 and 42.50 N/mm2 at 7, 28 and 56 days respectively, the strength was increased up to 7.40% than compared to controlled concrete. Also, a higher amount of bending stress was measured from 3.30 to 4.57 MPa at 28 days for various mixes of concrete and the ultrasonic pulse velocity values are recorded between 3630 to 4030 m/sec for various mixes at 28 days. Finally, the durability measurement of RCPT and also material characteristics test on the modulus of elasticity of concrete were studied systematically.

Evaluation of some mechanical characterization and optimization of waste marble dust filled glass fiber reinforced polymer composite

In the present work, vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique is adopted to fabricate marble dust (0, 10, 20, 30 wt%) filled glass fiber with epoxy resin composite materials for analysis of some mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) and fracture toughness. The tensile strength of the unfilled polymer composite is around 430.76 MPa but on addition of marble dust in the composite the strength shows in a decreasing trend. While, the tensile modulus shows in an increasing order up to 20 wt% (3.85 GPa) marble dust filled composite initially compared with specimens (10 and 30 wt%). The strain at failure is found to be 8.45% for 30 wt% of marble dust filled composite and for unfilled composite the failure is 11.47%. The flexural strength and flexural modulus are showing improvement with the inclusion of marble dust up to 20 wt% in the composite, but in the inter laminar shear strength (ILSS) shows improvement up to 30 wt%. The critical stress intensity factor (KIC) and critical strain energy factor (GIC) values are found to be 12.91 MPa.m1/2 and 1.51 KJ m−2 respectively for 30 wt% marble dust filled composites. Finally, preference selection index (PSI) technique is implemented for attaining the best combination of physico-mechanical, thermo-mechanical and erosive wear properties of the composites.

Waste marble dust: An interesting residue to produce cement

The objective of the present study was to establish the technological and regulatory viability of using marble industry waste as additive in Portland cement. Six clinker and marble dust mixtures were prepared (M-1 = 0%; M-2 = 5%; M-3 = 10%, M-4 = 15%; M-5 = 20%, M-6 = 25%), varying the percentage of marble dust added from 0 to 25% of total clinker weight in the cementing mixture. Results obtained showed that the mineralogical composition of marble dust is based on the presence of CaO, and physicochemical analysis confirmed its feasibility as a pure and clean by-product. Regarding the fresh state of the cement samples, it is interesting to note that i) The paste workability varies according to the percentage addition, and water percentage values are similar to or lower than those in the control series, and ii) Expansion values of samples with marble dust addition are the same as those of the control series, with samples M-2, M-4, and M-6 reaching a value of 1 mm. Moreover, flexural-tensile strength test results at 365 days are identical for samples M-1, M-2, and M-3 to those for the control series. Flexural-tensile strength resistance data are always lower for samples M-4, M-5, and M-6 than for the control series, although this difference is reduced at higher curing ages. Compression resistance is higher in samples with percentage additions up to 10% than in the control series. Compression resistance at curing ages of 90 and 365 days was >50% of reference resistance values at 28 days. The most important conclusions regarding the cementing mixture presented in this study are that: i) it meets physicochemical criteria for the utilization of marble dust as by-product in the preparation of CEM-II cement; ii) it meets the criteria in UNE-EN 196-3 for any resistance class according to tests conducted on the cementing paste in fresh state; and iii) it can be classified as CEM-II in accordance with RC-16 guidelines, with a resistance class that varies as a function of the percentage addition of marble dust. Finally, with respect to the technical feasibility of using ornamental marble fabrication waste as additive to clinker to form a cementing mixture, the optimal percentage addition is 10% to obtain CEM-II (32.5 N), CEM-II (32.5 R), and CEM-II (42.5 N).

Prepared and properties of filled and pozzolanic-filled cements from marble dust waste and granulated slag

Marble processing produces immense amounts of solid waste, which causes environmental issues. This work aims to “recycle marble dust waste” (MDW) with and without granulated slag to prepare filled as well as pozzolanic-filled cement. Innovative cement-based granulated slag and/or waste marble dust composites were fabricated. The Portland cement was partially substituted with different ratios of MDW up to 20 mass% to prepare filled cement. Pozzolanic-filled cements were prepared by the individual substitution of cement with 5 and 10 mass% of granulated slag with 5 mass% marble dust. The physical and mechanical properties such as bulk density and compressive strength were measured. The hydration products of some selected samples were additionally investigated by operating XRD, DSC, TGA analyses. The morphology of hardened samples was studied by SEM techniques. The results showed that a slight decrease in bulk density was identified with the increase in marble dust and granulated slag content in the cement matrix. Cement composites having 5 mass% MDW and 10 mass% of MWD and slag mixture recorded compressive strength lower than cement-blended containing 10 mass% MDW, but still higher than that of OPC. The XRD results proved that CSH and portlandite are the main hydration products with the formation of mono-and hemi-carbonate phases. SEM showed that cement paste containing 10% MDW has a denser microstructure than control sample.

Waste marble dust‐filled glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composite Part I: Physical, thermomechanical, and erosive wear properties

This research article presents the fabrication and investigation of physical, thermomechanical, and erosive wear properties of glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites with and without waste marble dust. The composites were fabricated by vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique under controlled operating condition. The filler material (marble dust) was varied in the range of 0–30 wt% in the composite at an interval of 10 wt% to find out the physical (density, void content, hardness and XRD), thermomechanical (storage modulus, loss modulus, damping factor, and thermal conductivity), and erosive wear rate, respectively. This study clearly demonstrated that with the increased filler content, the density, void content, and hardness of the composites were shown promising results along with the crystallinity of the composites. The storage modulus and loss modulus of the unfilled and particulate‐filled composites were shown positive effect up to a temperature range of 60°C and then observed decreased trend irrespective of change in filler content with the increased temperature. However, as far as erosion rate was concerned, the particulate‐filled composites were shown better wear resistance with the change in impact velocity as well as impingement angle in steady‐state operating condition as compared with unfilled composite. At the end, the obtained experimental results were compared with already reported theoretical model in order to validate the results along with the microstructural analysis of composites were also studied to understand the wear mechanism. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:4113–4124, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

The Utilization of Waste Marble Dust as a Cement Replacement in Air-Cured Mortar

The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of utilizing waste marble dust (WMD) as a partial cement substitution in air-cured mortar (ACM). Three different levels of cement replacement were analyzed: 5%, 10% and 15% by cement weight. The specimens were manufactured in a local laboratory at an air temperature of 22 ± 2 °C and a humidity equal to 20 ± 1%. The chemical and physical properties of ordinary Portland cement and WMD has been found to be the most crucial parameters. A variety of macroscopic tests, such as apparent density, porosity and compressive strength, were proposed in order to explain the effect of utilizing the WMD on the ACM. To confirm the results of the macroscopic properties, thorough microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. The obtained results of this study indicate that replacing cement with WMD affects the physical and mechanical properties of air-cured mortar. The apparent density and compressive strength decrease while the porosity increases.

Development and properties evaluation of marble dust reinforced ZA-27 alloy composites for ball bearing application

In this work, the usability of waste marble dust as a reinforcement in the development of ZA-27 alloy composites has been investigated for use in ball bearing application. ZA-27 alloy composites with five different concentration of marble dust viz. 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% of marble dust were fabricated using high-temperature vacuum casting. Developed composites were evaluated for various mechanical properties such as compressive strength, impact strength, flexural strength, and stress intensity factor (SIF) for 4 different crack lengths viz. 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm. Compressive strength and impact strength showed improvement for marble dust concentration up to 7.5 wt% while flexural strength and SIF kept on increasing continuously with increase in reinforcement content up to 10 wt% marble dust. There was ∼31%, ∼100%, ∼49%, and ∼184% improvement in compressive strength, impact strength, flexural strength, and SIF (for 4 mm crack length), respectively in comparison to those of 0 wt% marble dust composite. Fracture surface morphologies generated during fracture toughness analysis were examined using scanning electron microscopy to investigate the nature of failure. In addition to mechanical properties, thermo-mechanical behavior of the fabricated composites was evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in the temperature range 25 °C–250 °C. DMA results revealed a continuous increase in storage modulus, loss modulus and tan delta with increase in marble dust concentration, except the loss modulus for 7.5 wt% marble dust. Based on the proposed composites, finite element method (FEM) analysis was carried out for single-row deep groove ball bearing application to investigate hardness, contact stress, and displacement between inner and outer race at specific loading condition (500 N) and then, validated by mathematical modeling.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE COMPOSITE MATERIAL PRODUCED BY THE MIXTURE OF EXPANDED PERLITE, WASTE MARBLE DUST AND TRAGACANTH

In this study, the strength characteristics of the expanded perlite aggregate, waste marble dust and tragacanth added cement based composite material were investigated. A composite construction material was prepared using expanded perlite aggregate with a particle size of 0-2 mm and 2-4 mm at the ratio of 10%, 30% and 50% by weight, waste marble powder produced by sieving through 0.25 mm sieve at the ratio of 10% and 20%, tragacanth at the ratio of 0%, 0.5% and %1 and CEMI 42.5 N type Portland cement. Density, compressive strength, abrasion loss, water absorption, compressive strength after elevated temperature and compressive strength after freezing-thawing tests were performed on these prepared composite samples. It was seen that compressive strength, compressive strength after elevated temperature, compressive strength after freezing-thawing and density values have decreased and abrasion loss and water absorption values have increased as expanded perlite particle size, expanded perlite ratio, tragacanth ratio have increased and waste marble powder ratio has decreased on the prepared samples .

DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT USING MARBLE DUST IN SUBGRADE SOIL

Harnessing of industrial waste for improvement of soils is economical and efficient. It helps in enhancing the soil properties and overcoming the disposal problem. Therefore, it is essential to understand the properties of these wastes in order to understand their performance level. In this study, waste marble dust was added to stabilize the soil which was collected from Rajpura Punjab. The various index properties liquid limit, plastic limit was studied by adding Marble dust 10%,15%,20% and 25% by weight of soil. Similarly, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) was calculated at maximum dry density obtained from compaction test. It was observed that based on tests that 20% of waste marble dust was optimum for strengthening of the parent soil. Resilient Modulus was calculated afterwards for the subgrade using models specified by Heukelom and Klomp, Thompson and Robnett, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Erdem Coleri. Based on the results obtained, pavement thickness was determined for designing flexible pavement section as per IRC 37-2012 using IITPAVE. Design was done considering the horizontal tensile strain and vertical compressive strain at the bottom of bituminous base and at top of subgrade, responsible for fatigue and rutting of pavements.

EVALUATING PERMEABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WASTE MARBLE DUST MIX CONCRETE AND BENTONITE MIX CONCRETE

In this research attempt is made to examine Waste Marble Dust Mix (WMD) Concrete and Bentonite Mix Concrete. For physical and chemical properties of both concrete mixes, cylinders were examined in the laboratory for permeability testing, scanning electronic microscopy test, slump test, compressive strength test, and split tensile test. Cylinders were prepared in the ratio 1:2:4 with varying marble dust and bentonite content with 5% increment up to 20%. At 28 days with 10% replacement of marble dust and bentonite with cement, the permeability of WMD and Bentonite concrete were decreased by 21% and 34%. Increasing the percentage of WMD and bentonite from 10 to 20%, the MD concrete permeability was drastically increased. After crossing 10% limit it starts working as over burdening additives and allows water to flow through the cylinders, while with bentonite mix concrete by 20% replacement with cement, the permeability was further decreased up to 43%. The compressive and split strength test results of both mixes were totally different from each other. The compressive strength of WMD mix concrete decreased as the percentage of WMD was increased. At 28 days with 10% replacement, the compressive and split tensile strength were reduced by 8.9% and 2.1%. Whereas in bentonite mix, the concrete compressive and split strength were increased by 7.2% and 1.45 and were furthermore increased up to 20% replacement.