Marble Residue Research Articles

Desenvolvimento e caracterização de misturas cimentícias com substituição dos agregados finos e graúdos convencionais por resíduo de mármore

Abstract Finding ways to reuse residue is an alternative not only to reduce its presence in urban and natural environments, but also to reduce costs and consumption of resources by industries. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the properties of concretes made by replacing conventional coarse and fine aggregates with marble residue. Morphological, granulometry, specific gravimetry and crystalline phase analyses were carried out in the aggregates. The composition of the constituents, by mass, was 1:1,2:3 of Portland cement CPIII-32 RS, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregate, respectively, with the addition of 0.4 of water, molded and cured in water. About 25 concrete samples were made, varying the amount of coarse/fine aggregate in the cement mass according to the aggregates proportions of: A= 100% gravel/ 100% sand, B= 100% coarse RRO/ 50% fine RRO + 50% sand, C= 50% coarse RRO + 50% gravel/ 100% fine RRO, and D = 100% coarse RRO/100% fine RRO. The cylindrical samples measuring ∅50 x 100 mm were subjected to water absorption and compressive strength tests, and the results were compared with standards and literature. The water absorption was smaller than 2.5% and the compressive strength values were between 27-33 MPa, close to the resistance of cement used. Composition B presented the best results among the others, indicating the possibility of using the residue from marble for production of concretes for various purposes such as low load paving, sidewalks, blocks, among others. However, for interlocking floors, higher performance cement should be used to achieve the required strength. This type of concrete adds value to the residue and mitigates environmental impacts.

Technological Trends in the Use of Natural Marble Residue in the Cement Portland Production from Prospecting in Patent Documents

The civil construction industry affects the environment mainly due to the high generation of waste and extraction of natural raw materials. However, this industry is also responsible for absorbing a large part of the waste, not only generated by itself, but also those generated in other production cycles. These residues are often reused as an alternative raw material, after some treatment. The use of ornamental stone cutting waste has already been studied by many authors, and it is a technically viable alternative in cement matrix products for civil construction. Thus, this technological prospection work analyzed the technological trends regarding the use of marble waste in cement production, based on the registration of patents in recent years. For this, a search was carried out in the Brazilian Nacional Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI) and Dewert Innovation Index (DII) databases, in April 2021, with no period limitation. The main documents were found in the DII database, and the results showed that among the countries that filed a patent on this subject, China is the country with the highest number of filings, with the majority of these filings occurring between 2014 and 2020, suggesting a reflection of the current interest in ways to give an adequate destination to ornamental stone waste.

Effect of the Incorporation of Marble Waste in the Properties of Clay Ceramic Bricks

Residues incorporation into construction building materials is a promising sustainable alternative for the correct disposal of this kind of material. Brazil is one of the largest world producers of ornamental stones. Nevertheless, the disposal of these residues usually is made outside the industry, which contributes to environmental pollution. This work aimed to evaluate the incorporation of residues from the marble industry into ceramic bricks. Specimens of clay ceramic containing 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.% of marble residue were prepared and fired at 900oC. The evaluation of the ceramic bricks added with marble residue was based on linear shrinkage, water absorption and mechanical resistance. These properties were compared with Brazilian standards. It was concluded that the incorporation of marble residues, with up to 20 wt%, into the ceramic body is technically feasible and positively influences the properties of the material.

Addition of Ornamental Rock Residues on Ceramic Blocks: Physical and Chemical Analysis

The incorporation of industrial waste in cementitious materials is an alternative for its adequate disposal. Among the residues that do not yet have adequate disposal are the residues created by the ornamental rock industries. In this context, this work aims to identify and characterize clays of the region where the ornamental rock industry is dominant and to verify the performance of the ceramic masses with the incorporation of the marble and granite residue. Physical and chemical characterization tests were performed on both clay and residues. After the identification of the two best clays, ceramic masses were prepared where it was possible to evaluate the performance of the clays with each of the residues in incorporations up to 20 wt.%. The results indicated that CI-A with 15 wt.% marble incorporation obtained the best performance.

Partial replacement of cement with granular marble residue: effects on the properties of cement pastes and reduction of CO2 emission

The effects of CP V Portland cement replacement with granular marble residues were investigated. The physical–chemical properties of the starting materials and of the pastes were characterized by XRD, XRF, TG/DTA, SEM and granulometric analyses. Axial compressive strength, apparent density, capillary and total capacity of water absorption of the hardened pastes with 0, 10, 20 and 30% replacements, aged for 28 days, were characterized. The results indicated that the partial replacement by the marble residue did not affect the cement hydration but provided packaging improvements and some filler action. The reduction of CO2 emission was estimated as 0.28 million tons per year due to replacement of 10% CP V Portland cement with the marble residue. The results indicated that this is an alternative means to reduce the CO2 emissions in the cement industry and to reuse marble residues that otherwise could be inadequately disposed.

Use of Industrial Waste for the Optimization of Ceramic Construction Materials

The massive growth of the ceramic industry and the consequent demand for construction materials worldwide has motivated the search for alternative solutions aimed at reducing the use of mineral / natural resources as the main source of raw materials. One of the strategies frequently adopted by the scientific community is the reuse of industrial waste. It is beneficial not only to reduce the overexploitation of mineral resources but also to reduce the environmental, economic and social impacts resulting from their incorrect disposal/treatment and consequent deposition on land unsuitable or that purpose. Duetoconsiderationssuchasphysico-mechanical characteristics and the high production rate, two different types of industrial waste were selected for this work, ashes resulting from the burning of coal in thermoelectric power plant, commonly known as bottom ash (B), and the Marble Powder (MP). It was intended to test the technological feasibility of the manufacture of ceramic materials produced from clay mixtures containing these two residues. For this purpose, the fine fraction(<63μm)obtained from the sieving of the marbleresidue(MR)and slag(Bf)was used,aswellasacoarsergrainslagfractionrangingfrom63-125μm(Bg). The resulting test samples were subjected to a firing of 950 °C under an oxidizing atmosphere, following a primary drying process. Faced with the standard values, the new ceramic materials obtained from MP have seen their mechanical and porous characteristics decrease and increase, respectively. Atthesametime,althoughtheadditionofBinno way influenced the mechanical characteristics,a significant improvement the porous characteristic was observed. The incorporation of these residues produced a color very close to the original sample material.
 Keywords: industrial waste, ceramic, construction materials, bottom ash, Marble Powder

Physical and mechanical evaluation of artificial marble produced with dolomitic marble residue processed by diamond-plated bladed gang-saws

The production of artificial stone from the agglutination of the epoxy resin fine waste can be a viable alternative from technical, economic and ecological points of views. The residue derives from the dolomitic marble produced by diamond-plated bladed gang-saws and it is usually discarded. With this new application, there is value added to the residue, reducing the consequent environmental impact. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of an artificial marble produced through vacuum vibro-compression. With this purpose, stone plates were produced, using appropriate tools, characterized by a distribution of 85% of residual particle weight and 15% of epoxy system. The material was manufactured with the following conditions for 20 (twenty) minutes, compacting pressure of 0.5MPa and temperature of 90°C. Later on, the samples were characterized by density, water absorption, porosity, flexural strength, compressive strength and scanning electron microscopy. The result was an artificial marble produced applying vacuum vibro-compression with water absorption levels below 0.06%, flexural strength of 33.93MPa and uniaxial compression of 96.49MPa, thus indicating residual particles and epoxy resin grip at satisfactory levels.

MERMER ARTIKLARINDAN ÖĞÜTÜLMÜŞ KALSİYUM KARBONAT (GCC) ÜRETİMİ: YAŞ VE KURU ÖĞÜTME ÜRÜNLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Bir çok endüstriyel uygulamada kullanılan öğütülmüş kalsiyum karbonat (GCC), uygun kalite/ standartta üretildiğinde ve dünya pazarlarına satış için lojistik fırsatlar sağlandığında katma değeri yüksek bir üründür. Ermaş Madencilik Yatağan ocağı pasa sahasında bulunan mermer artıkları yüksek saflık ve beyazlık derecesine sahiptir. Kira ödemek suretiyle orman arazilerinde stoklanan ve estetik görünüm kadar ekolojik açıdan da kirlilik oluşturan mermer artıklarından, kâğıttan boyaya, plastikten gıda, yapı, ilaç ve kozmetiğe vs. birçok sektörde kullanım alanı bulan GCC üretmek mümkündür. Bu makalede, yüksek saflık ve beyazlık derecesine sahip Muğla Beyazı mermer artıklarından, pek çok sektörde kullanılabilecek GCC üretimi için karıştırmalı bilyalı değirmende gerçekleştirilen yaş/kuru öğütme girdi ve çıktı değişkenlerine ait verilere (stres şiddeti, spesifik enerji tüketimi, diklik faktörü, d50) ve elde edilen mikronize GCC ürünlerinin özelliklerine (tane boyutu, beyazlık, BET özgül yüzey alanı, yağ emme) yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca; yaş (Ermaş 1, Ermaş 2) ve kuru (Ermaş 3) mikronize öğütme ürünleri, global pazarda işlem gören muadilleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL MODELLING OF WASTE PRODUCED BY THE MARBLE INDUSTRY OF TEPEXI DE RODRÍGUEZ

Tepexi de Rodriguez is one of the municipalities with the highest rate of extreme poverty in Mexico. The agriculture and the marble extraction industry are the major sources of employment. This region has more than 15 processing factories of marble, where poor safety conditions of work, low salaries and pollution are common denominator. The marble residues deposit in the ground without control, deteriorate the vegetation, causes desertification and affect the health of the population. Actually, there aren´t researches about the amount of waste generated by this industry in Tepexi. The objective of this work was analyze theoretically through statistical formulas the amount of waste generate in the marble transformation and compare to the real residues obtain in a field test. The results show that 87% of the raw material is discarded, generate more than 60,000 cubic meters of waste per year. With this results, can be proposed that the blocks will be standardize, optimizing the raw material by 25% or more, decreasing the amount of residues and advantage the development of industry with a sustainable approach. Keyword: Waste reduction, pollution, sustainable development, marble industry

Development of tailored ceramic microstructures using recycled marble processing residue as pore-former

Recycling of marble processing residue is significant since marble processing constitutes an important industrial sector. Therefore, the sustainable management and the valorisation, in an economically profitable manner, of this industrial by-product should be considered. In this work, the potential use of marble residue as pore-former into clayey mixtures for the production of lightweight, porous and thermal insulating ceramics is investigated. Four samples consisting of clayey ceramic body incorporating up to 50 wt.% fine marble residue powder were produced. The final ceramic products were produced upon firing (sintering) at 950oC. Porosity and thermal conductivity measurements were carried out in order to assess the thermal insulating behavior of the produced sintered ceramics. The porosity of the sintered ceramics increases substantially by increasing the marble residue admixture loading. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in thermal conductivity. Consequently, the marble residue can be successfully employed as pore-forming agent, in order to improve the insulating behavior of the ceramic materials.

Relevance of Ornamental Stone Residues in the Manufacture of Concrete Blocks for Structural Masonry

The civil construction industry in Brazil is an ever growing sector with relevant participation in the country’s economy. On the other hand, this sector, technically, is among those that generate the largest amount of undesirable rejects, waste and residues. Some of these residues are highly detrimental to the environment not only because of landscape degradation but also the possibility of pollution to rivers and lakes as well as ground waters. A typical example is that of the ornamental stone industry, which generates granite and marble residues from the several processing stages. Therefore the aim of the present work is to investigate the effect of direct addition of this kind of residues in concrete blocks for different applications in housing masonry. It was found that blocks added with 20 wt% of residue possess relatively higher compression strength in association with convenient water absorption below those presented by residue-free traditional blocks.

Fabrication of Artificial Stone from Marble Residue by Resin Transfer Molding

Artificial stones have recently been worldwide commercialized but are still not produced in Brazil. This has motivated efforts for the local fabrication of a similar stone. Thus, an artificial ornamental stone (AOS) was fabricated by means of a resin transfer molding (RTM) process. Marble residues were placed inside a hermetic mold under vacuum. A still fluid polyester resin, already mixed with a catalyst and a thinner, was injected into the mold. After curing, the density and water absorption of the AOS were evaluated. The material was also subjected to both compression and bend mechanical tests. The AOS microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, which was then related to the obtained physical and mechanical properties.

Recycling of sawdust, spent earth from oil filtration, compost and marble residues for brick manufacturing

This paper studies the application of a variety of waste materials in the production of lightweight bricks: sawdust, spent earth from oil filtration, compost and marble. First, the mineralogical and chemical composition and thermal behaviour of the wastes and clay were determined. Next, ceramic bricks were fabricated with different quantities of waste (0–10wt.% for sawdust, 0–20wt.% for marble, and 0–30wt.% for compost and spent earth from oil filtration). These bricks were fired at 950 and 1050°C. The effect of adding these wastes on the technological behaviour of the brick was assessed by linear shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, suction absorption, compressive strength and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results have shown that the optimum sintering temperature is 1050°C. Below this temperature, at 950°C, increased open porosity was observed, which decreased the compressive strength of the bricks. Based on the results obtained, the optimum amounts of waste were 5wt.% sawdust, 10wt.% compost and 15wt.% spent earth from oil filtration and marble. These percentages produced bricks whose mechanical properties were suitable for use as secondary raw materials in ceramic brick production.

The use of sewage sludge and marble residues in the manufacture of ceramic tile bodies

The substitution of clayey raw materials for other wastes, in this case urban sewage sludge and marble sludge, in the production of traditional ceramics could be cost effective from the utilisation and recycling of these wastes as a secondary raw material. At the same time, it can be helpful in tempering the environmental problems associated with such wastes. This research shows the results of the addition of marble sludge and urban sewage sludge in different proportions to clay in a ceramic body. The most suitable products were selected regarding the mineralogical composition of the resulting ceramic material and its technological behaviour. To evaluate the ceramic properties of the obtained material, several processing and product properties (linear contraction, water absorption, bending strength) were determined. With regard to the technological properties of the final ceramic bodies, there does not seem to be any clear relation between the linear contraction values and the content of residue. However, the increase in water absorption along with the increase in the residue content is evident. The addition of residue decreased the bending strength. The selection of the adequate content of sludge to be added to the ceramic body will be controlled by the usual standards applied to construction materials.

Thermal and mechanical study from granite and marble industry reject

Granite and marble residue from dimension stone companies is solid, not degradable and its composition is principally of silicates (quartz, plagioclase, orthoclase, and mica). These companies produce more than 150,000t per year of residue, which is put in a decant lagoon or a large landfill area, thus resulting in environment pollution. The objective of this work is to investigate the possibility of using residue to obtain ceramic material. For that purpose, thermal analysis has shown to be a great tool to predict the process conditions such as sintering, temperature, heating rate and reaction to manufacture of ceramic elements. The thermal behavior was observed on a TA Instruments SDT 2960 at a heating rate of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12°C/min in air atmosphere and over the temperature range 25–1400°C. Thermogravimetry (TG) curves showed two decomposition stages, the ideal heating rate was found to be 10°C/min, as it presents less weight loss. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) exhibited endothermic and exothermic events which suggested the sintering temperature at about 1125°C. Post-sintering samples were collected and the point load test conducted to evaluate the material strength.