Marble Mining Research Articles

Development a risk assessment method for dimensional stone quarries

Over the last 20 years, the global production of dimension stones has grown rapidly. Today, seven countries—China, India, Turkey, Iran, Italy, Brazil, and Spain—account for around two-thirds of the world's output of dimension stones. Each one has annual production levels of nine to over twenty-two million tons. Mining operation in general is one of the most hazardous fields of engineering. A large amount of dimensional stone quarries require a special scheme of risk assessment. Risk Breakdown Structure is one of the major stages of risk assessment. In this paper, a detailed structure of risks of the dimension stone quarrying is formed, and divided into 17 main levels and 128 sublevels. The complexity of identifying different parameters made it requisite to use multi-attribute decision-making methods for prioritizing associated risks. As a case study, the main risks of the Ghasre Dasht marble mine are evaluated using the VIKOR method considering 10 major parameters under a Fuzzy environment. The results showed that the economic, Management, and Schedule risks are the most threatening risks of dimensional stone quarrying.

Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Air Quality in Rajsamand District, Rajasthan Using Cloud-Based Google Earth Engine Approach

This study examines the spatial and temporal variations of key air pollutants in Rajsamand District, Rajasthan, from January 2015 to December 2019, using Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data. The pollutants analysed include carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4), and aerosols. The findings reveal significant impacts of marble mining activities on local air quality. CO levels increased notably near mining sites, with mean annual values rising from 0.022 mol/m2 in 2015 to 0.026 mol/m2 in 2019. NO2 concentrations peaked near urban and industrial areas, increasing from 0.00013 μg/m3 in 2015 to 0.00016 μg/m3 in 2019. Elevated HCHO levels were observed near mining clusters, with concentrations rising from 0.00018 μg/m3 in 2015 to 0.00021 μg/m3 in 2019, posing significant respiratory health risks. SO2 emissions, primarily from diesel machinery and blasting activities, increased from 0.00028 ppm in 2015 to 0.00031 ppm in 2019. CH4 concentrations, influenced by underground releases during mining, increased from 1795 ppm in 2015 to 1810 ppm in 2019. Aerosol levels, elevated due to dust emissions from mining, increased from 0.48 μg/m3 in 2015 to 0.51 μg/m3 in 2019. These results underscore the need for stringent air quality regulations and sustainable mining practices to mitigate environmental and health impacts in Rajsamand District.

Governance Policy on The Impact of Marble Mining Activities in Tulungagung Regency Reviewed from the Perspective of Sustainable Development

This research aims to analyze governance policies on the impact of marble mining activities in Tulungagung Regency from a sustainable development perspective. Marble mining activities in this area have significant environmental, social and economic impacts. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with stakeholders, field observations, and analysis of related policy documents. The research results show that although there have been efforts to integrate sustainable development principles in marble mining governance policies, implementation still faces various challenges. Some of these include a lack of supervision and law enforcement, as well as limitations in community participation. This study recommends increasing the capacity of management institutions, strengthening community participation, and increasing coordination between sectors as strategic steps to increase the sustainability of marble mining activities in Tulungagung Regency.

PERAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP AKTIVITAS PENAMBANGAN MARMER DI KEC. BONTOCANI KAB. BONE PASCA PENGESAHAN UU NO. 3 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG MINERAL DAN BATUBARA

Natural Resources (SDA) managed by the State or individuals/corporations can certainly have consequences for 3 (three) aspects, namely, productivity, sustainability and fairness of the natural resources managed. Threats to these three aspects will hit the Bontocani area which is a mining area by PT. The Bukit Marmer Empire was not carried out properly or without supervision from other parties such as local people who live in the district. Bone in general, and Kec. Bontocani in particular. Community participation is very much needed in overseeing current natural resource management so that its sustainability is maintained and prevents more severe environmental damage. For this reason, researchers are interested in conducting research with the aim of knowing the role of the community in responding to mining activities in the district. Bontocani, and examine the legal protection for communities responding to marble mining businesses in the district. Bontocani, Kab. Bone after the ratification of Law no. 3 of 2020 using empirical research methods and normative research. The results of the research show that the community consisting of the anti-mining alliance in Kec. Bontocani believes that mining activities will have many negative impacts on the lives of the residents of the district. Bone in general and the people of Kec. Bontocani in particular. More deeply, the community's participatory efforts above can cause problems and risky consequences for the community itself. This is because there is no aspect of legal protection that can be provided by the revised Minerba Law which was only passed in 2020.

Evaluation of the effects of dust pollution on specific plant species near and around the marble mining site in Rajasthan, India.

Airborne particles (dust pollution) pose a significant threat to both human and plant populations. Plant leaves act as crucial biofilters, capturing significant amounts of air pollution; this characteristic offers a valuable tool to measure local pollution levels and assess individual plant species' ability to intercept and mitigate harmful dust particles. The present study was carried out to asses the effect of responses of various plant species to dust pollution near and around the marble mining site comprising residential site, highway area, and Central University of Rajasthan as control. The anticipated pollution index, air pollution tolerance index (APTI), dust absorption capacity, metal accumulation index (MAI), and biochemical factors were used to evaluate plant responses. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. demonstrated the highest (29.0) and Vachellia nilotica L. showed lowest (5.6) APTI, respectively. A. indica showed maximum MAI values in comparison to other plant species situated at residential site. Additionally, monitoring of particulate matter (PM10) observed to highest at highway, followed by mining, residential, and control sites. Overall A. indica representing highest APTI and effective dust capturing capacity at all sites could serve as potential pollution sinks. V. nilotica, with its very low APTI, can be marked as biomonitoring tool for detecting dust pollution.

Recovery of small rodents from open-pit marble mining: effects on communities, populations, and individuals.

Mining can significantly alter landscapes, impacting wildlife and ecosystem functionality. Natural recovery in open-pit mines is vital for habitat restoration and ecosystem re-establishment, although few empirical studies have examined this process. Here, we assessed temporal and spatial responses of small rodents at the community, population, and individual levels during natural mine recovery. We examined the abundance, reproductive potential, and individual health of small rodents at active mines and at former mine sites left to recover naturally for approx. 10 and 20 years. We also assessed the effects of disturbance on rodent recovery processes at three distances from the mine boundary. Rodent numbers peaked after 10-13 years of recovery and exhibited the strongest male bias in the sex ratio. The Chinese white-bellied rat (Niviventer confucianus) was the most abundant species, achieving its highest population abundance at sites abandoned for 10-13 years and thriving at locations closer to the mine boundary. Only Chevrier's field mouse exhibited morphological responses to the mine recovery category. Ectoparasite load was unaffected by mine or distance-disturbance categories. Both Chevrier's field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri) and the South China field mouse (Apodemus draco) were affected significantly by vegetation layer cover during recovery succession. Our study highlights the complexities of ecological succession, with a peak in abundance as pioneer communities transition toward a climax seral stage. Careful prior planning and active site management are necessary to optimize abandoned mine recovery. Efforts to accelerate mine recovery through technical restoration should promote conditions that initiate and perpetuate the establishment and succession of wildlife assemblages.

Revegetasi Lahan Bekas Tambang dengan Tanaman Multifungsi di Karang Panganten, Desa Gunungmasigit, Kabupaten Bandung Barat

The uncontrolled sand, stone, limestone, and marble mining activities have caused damage to Karang Panganten in the Rajamandala karst area, West Bandung Regency, which is a geologically protected area in the form of a nature reserve. The resulting damage has had adverse effects on the community, such as the loss of clean water sources, environmental degradation, decreased air quality, and disruptions to the livelihoods of people dependent on natural resources in the area. Therefore, a Community Service Activity (PKM) was conducted by the Bandung Energy and Mining Polytechnic (PEP) from June to December 2022 with approximately 50 to 75 participants. The method used involved providing materials on organic fertilizer production using stacked buckets, greening the mining area by distributing and planting 140 multifunctional plant seedlings, namely moringa, bamboo, and balsa, renovating some slippery and steep footpaths, and installing plaques as a sign that the activity had been carried out. The results of this PKM activity include conveying an understanding of the importance of greening to achieve a balance between mining activities and environmental sustainability management, as well as increasing the community's knowledge of organic fertilizer production for optimal plant growth. This PKM activity indirectly contributes to the Citarum River Basin (DAS) conservation program, specifically the "Citarum Harum" program. Subsequent PKM activities can replicate this initiative in other villages in the Cipatat Subdistrict or other karst areas in West Bandung, as these areas are in great need of rehabilitation. The entire process can be modularized as a guide for future educational activities.

Using marble waste as a partial aggregate replacement in the development of sustainable self-compacting concrete

Increased population growth and industrial development have increased production in various industries, resulting in increased waste production. Increasing consumption of non-renewable resources poses an inherent risk to future generations. In order to reduce the consumption of these valuable resources, a variety of methods can be used, one of which is the use of waste produced by various industries. This research investigated the feasibility of employing waste from marble mining byproducts to make structural concrete. This study replaced various percentages of marble with fine aggregates to determine their effects on compressive strength, bending strength, impact behavior, and water absorption of sustainable self-compacting concrete (SCC). Regarding the effects of recycled marble aggregates on mechanical properties, it has been discovered that substituting marble waste with sand can increase compressive and flexural strength. It has been determined, via testing on disk samples, that the amount of steel fibers have a much greater effect on the impact resistance of the specimens than the amount of recycled components. Fiber bridging has been shown to significantly affect the final strength of specimens containing fibers and the number of blows required for the first surface fracture to appear in fiber-containing specimens. This is in comparison to the sample that served as the reference. In addition to this, increasing the replacement percentage of recycled aggregates in the specimens causes them to have a greater resistance to the impact loads applied to them. In examining the effect of replacing marble aggregates on water absorption, it was found that no specific trend could be indentified. Based on the findings, it was determined that SCC with recycled marble aggregate performed satisfactorily.

Examining Black Cotton Soil with a Variety of Amendments

The black cotton soil is a form of expansive soil that swells up and starts to expand quickly when it comes into contact with water. Because of this quality, the strength of the soil, along with its many other properties, is extremely lacking. The expansive sort of soil exhibits unpredictability in its behavior when stabilized with completely diverse kinds of quiet substances. In addition to this, soil stabilization is a method of treating soil in order to need care for the soil, alter its performance, or improve its performance. During the course of this research, both marble dust, which is a by-product of the marble industry, and coconut shell powder will be tested for their viability as helpful additives to expanding soil. In this part of the investigation, we are going to determine the advance at intervals of the strength qualities of expanding soil in its natural state as well as once it has been mixed with varying proportions of marble dirt and coconut shell powder. The sand used in the experimental programme is ground up marble that was obtained through the cutting of marble. The damage to the environment that is created by marble mining is significantly less severe than the damage that is caused by the garbage produced by marble processing factories. According to the findings of a significant number of researchers, marble can contain as much as fifty five percent lime (CaO) by weight. In order to perform the unconfined compression test, black cotton soil specimens are created by incorporating varying proportions of marble mud and coconut shell powder into the black cotton soil, and then the specimens are allowed to cure for three, seven, and fourteen days respectively. The remarkable variation that was identified between the qualities of the soil's strength were discovered.

Optimization study for bioremediation of hazardous elements from mined waste using Carica papaya stalk actuated carbon

The performance of Carica papaya stalk actuated with zinc chloride (CPSAC - ZnCl2) in the remediation of hazardous elements (Co3+, Fe2+, and Pb2+) from mined waste is being enhanced through optimization studies, as well as the maximization of resources in the process. Mined waste sample for this study was collected from marble mine in Igbeti, Nigeria and an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to assess the quantities of the hazardous components, while Carica papaya stalk globules prepared for the study were scrutinized using phyto-chemistry and proximity examinations. The trial setting included autonomous components (globule intake, swirling frequency, therapy period, pH, and warmness (temperature). The band (batch) adsorption investigations were conducted utilizing the trial setting results, the data from the trials were then optimized using the Design Expert tool and the outcomes were validated. The acquired mined waste hadash tint, tasted unpleasant, a horrible odour, obscured with ideallysplit bits and contained hazardous components, which suggested that there might be environmental pollution. The phyto-chemistry and proximity examinations portrayed that the actuated globules from the Carica papaya stalk have an excellent capacity for adsorption (binding) due to their high fixed carbon composition(≈ 70%), low moisture level (3%), and variety of functional substituent. The optimaloption produced 100% Rtae of Elimination (RE) for all the hazardouselements with prediction errors ranging from 0.03 to 0.27 percent using 0.65 g of globuleintake, 150 rpm swirling frequency, 60 min of therapy period, pH of 7, and 30 °C warmness. Because of this, optimization is a crucial tool in adsorption research and is highly recommended for bioremediation of hazardous components from mined wasteusing Carica papaya stalk as asorbent.

Spatial and Ecological Approach on Marble Mining Land in Tulungagung Regency-Indonesia: Is it Suitable as an Assessment of Disaster Mitigation Efforts?

Indonesia has a karst region abundant in high-quality marble mining products but is also prone to disasters. Over the years, this area has experienced numerous natural disasters, thereby leading to the need for a land suitability assessment. This is a descriptive qualitative and quantitative research with data collected from field observations, laboratory tests, interviews, and documents. Four places in the center and adjacent areas of marble producers were selected for the research sample. The data collected were analyzed using the spatial and ecological approach, fishbone, tabulation, percentage, and SWOT analysis. The result showed that numerous land mismatches contribute to the occurrence of natural catastrophes, such as improper vegetation kinds, population settlement patterns, excessive exploitation, and unfriendly human activities. This study recommends a variety of measures to improve the mining area.

Beyond the Whiteness

Saverio Salvioni, Cava di Ravaccione, 1810–1813 (Source: Archivio di Stato Massa e Pontremoli) Marble extraction in the Italian Apuan Alps has been known since Roman times, and its historical importance is symbolized by masterpieces of Western art history. However, the Carrara marble industry has recently received harsh criticism for operating in the protected area of the Apuan Alps Regional Park, recognized by UNESCO since 2015. Environmental and social concerns about mining have arisen from the extreme acceleration of all the productive phases of the extractive industry. From the mid-twentieth century, the exploitation of geological deposits of marble grew exponentially thanks to the development of powerful extraction technologies and a global export economy that creates only relatively few occupations in Carrara. Within this context, photographic and cinematographic projects have increasingly focused on the environmental risks created by the marble mining industry. This article shows how visual representations of Carrara have changed in recent years via an analysis of three case studies: the internationally acclaimed documentary Anthropocene: The Human Epoch (2018), the climbing project and Italian short film Carie (Cavity 2019), and Lorenzo Shoubridge’s naturalistic photographs in Apuane: terre selvagge (Apuan Wildlands 2018). These case studies offer an innovative perspective on the landscapes of marble extraction. Previously, these landscapes were represented following other visual trends emphasizing the technological sublime found in the geometric shapes of the white quarries, the working conditions of marble laborers, and the myth of the purity of marble used in artistic sculptures. The three examples analyzed in this paper attempt to go ‘beyond the whiteness’ by focusing on the scale of environmental destruction (Anthropocene: The Human Epoch), the more-thanhuman perspective (Apuane terre selvagge), and the social struggle for preserving a mountain region through creative solutions (Carie). In other words, new aesthetic and ethical sensibilities are challenging established twentieth-century narratives of the Carrara marble quarries by focusing on a new element: the environment.

A Scientific, Cultural and Tourism Approach to the Comparison of the Existing Marble in Turkey with the World Marble Mining with the Example of Iscehisar

A Scientific, Cultural and Tourism Approach to the Comparison of the Existing Marble in Turkey with the World Marble Mining with the Example of Iscehisar

Petrological, Geochemical and Mechanical Characteristics of Afghan White Marble

The aim of this article is to examine the Geological, Geochemical, Mineralogical, and Physical-Mechanical characteristic of Afghan White Marble deposit in Nangahar province Afghanistan. The objective of the article includes information about the value, quantity & quality of the marble mine. In addition, this study summarizes information related to the marble mining methods, Processing and production tools technologies used for extracting of Marble in Afghanistan. To achieve, the aim of the research, library, field and Laboratory methods have been used. The library result shows the general information related to Geology, Tectonic and Magmatic of the study areas. A fieldwork was conducted in the study area and appropriate measurements i.e. Geographical location and reserve estimation were taken and also 10 sample of marble were collected from the mine of Ghondy n Mamakhail for lab analyses. The collected samples were analyzed by using different analytical methods such as XRF, Electron polarizing microscope and mechanical tests such as compressive strength, specific gravity, absorption, and unit weight. ASTM standard is used to interpret and compare the results from the above mechanical analyses. The XRF and microscopic analyses show that the marble from Nangrhar Province Shirzad district Kodikhel have dolomite composition. The results from different mechanical and physical tests showed that these marbles have high consistency against any types of applied pressure, and have high value, which can be used in various construction’s affairs. In Summary, you need to focus on the results and interpretation of those analyses.

Implementation Of Kiai's Leadership Style In Improving Teacher Creativity At The Jawahirul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School Tulungagung

The research in this dissertation is motivated by the kiai as the leader of the pesantren which is an interesting leadership phenomenon. Kiai and teachers innovate with various forms of activities. Kiai improves the quality of Human Resources (HR) for teachers/asatidz and administrators, by instilling faith in the hearts of every student, administrator and board of Asatidz with a sincere attitude of lillahi ta'ala, riyadhoh, uswatun hasanah (exemplary) and patient; changing the mindset of asatidz, developing teacher skills and introducing and strengthening all institutional rules, duties, rights and obligations of asatidz, both as citizens of Islamic boarding schools, communities and citizens. The research approach uses qualitative methods. Data collection techniques are participant observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are l) data condensation 2) data presentation, 3) conclusion drawing/verification. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that: 1) Ithe implementation of the kiai leadership style in increasing teacher creativity at the Jawahirul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School Tulungagung is carried out by: a) Visionary leadership style is carried out with the kiai being the direction setter, agent of change,good mentor and role modelthe spirit of jihad and the spirit of fighting for and advancing the Jawaahirul Hikmah Islamic boarding school by forming a team in the management of educational institutions and collaborating with external parties in learning activities. b) The entrepreneurial leadership style is carried out by the kiai forming an entrepreneurial organization for Marble mining, carp and catfish farming, freshwater lobster cultivation, AQUAQY Factory to increase teacher creativity. c) Style,Innovative leadership by: (1) Kiai forming Marble mining entrepreneurship organizations, carp and catfish farming, freshwater Lobster cultivation, AQUAQY Factory to increase teacher creativity, (2) Kiai providing guidance by forming small groups with a quarantine model, (3 ) Outdoor class by making small groups in learning. d) Charismatic leadership style consists of: (1) belief in the kiai in providing policies, there are directions and instructions for program implementation to teachers/asatidz and administrators. (2) the kiai in his leadership involves members/followers and gives confidence to his members through all activities. (3) Leaders focus on the performance of their subordinates by providing motivation by providing complex, challenging, initiative, risk so that members become more responsible and diligent. e) The democratic leadership style provides the freedom to accept suggestions, thoughts, ideas from teachers to improve the existing programs at the Jawaahirul Hikmah Islamic Boarding School.

MARBLE MINING AT PT. MAKASSAR MULIA INDAH MARBLE MAROS REGENCY

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals from the earth. Marble recovered by the mining process. Marble is usually used as a building material. PT. Makassar Marmer Muliaindah is a private company, that is actively operating in marble mining in Indonesia. The mining system applied by PT. Makassar Marmer Muliaindah is Open Pit System with a Quarry method. Phases of mining activities conducted by PT. Makassar Marmer Muliaindah includes clearing, stripping, drilling, cutting, block splitting, block release, block refinement, loading, hauling, and stocking.

Study on Safety Hazard Investigation and Treatment Scheme in a Marble Mine Goaf

In this paper, Pengxi mine and its surrounding area are taken as the research object to carry out the investigation of potential safety hazards. The three-dimensional laser scanning technology is used to detect the goaf, and the pillar method is used to evaluate the safety. Through the investigation of domestic and foreign cases, combined with the urban development planning and land use planning of Shenzhen, the comprehensive utilization scheme of underground goaf is put forward on the basis of comprehensive consideration of technical feasibility, economy and treatment effect, so as to eliminate the potential safety hazards.

MATHEMATICAL DETERMINATION OF ROCK JOINTS MORPHOLOGICAL PROFILE

Determining the geometric or morphology and mechanical properties of joints and geomechanics of intact rock is a vitally important issue in predicting the behaviour of structures built inside or on rock masses. The joint morphology is significant because it affects the strength of the rock mass and controls the stability of the structures related to the rock masses. Until recently, joint morphology was introduced in a simple form which brought about models that are far from the inherent state of a rock joint. The work presented in this research introduces a new model to represent rock joint morphology which is very close to reality. For this research, Sarchawa marble mine joint systems are studied. According to this research, the morphology of each rock joint can be expressed as a mathematical equation. Using the output of this research, we can see a more realistic view of the rock masses. As a result, we can have better designs for structures correlated to rock masses, making the result better and more reliable.

Preservation of Rammang-Rammang biodiversity: questioning legal certainty of local community

Since the plan of marble mining activity initiated which potentially exploiting the Rammang-Rammang karst and its contained biodiversity, the Salenrang local community draws an act of rejection and initiates to protect its local area through establishing Rammang- Rammang karst as a tourism object. After such an area became the main tourist destination, the district government began trying to be the dominating actor on the management of the area by planning to withdraw retribution which draws attention since such policy does not involve the local community participation as the main actor of the tourism site. This article aims to encourage the implementation of legal certainty for local communities as the main actor for community-based tourism (CBT) that will be given right to manage its own local resources which based from the participatory rights guaranteed in Law No. 32 Year 2009, to fulfill the right to live and to get benefit from its natural resources guaranteed in the constitution of Indonesia. This research utilizes normative legal research by obtaining data from literature study and case study from Rammang-Rammang karst area and its local community. The result shows that there is an absence of legal protection on the recognition of Salenrang local community as the primary manager of the Rammang-Rammang karst area which is essential to be enforced in order to implement the effort of community empowerment for sustainable tourism.

Ground Water Quality Assessment of Marble Mining Areas in Rajsamand District, Rajasthan, India

The present study represents the impact of marble mining and processing units on the quality of ground water in the Rajasamand district of Rajasthan state. For this work various water sampleswere collected from surrounding areas of the mining hub covering all the tehsil namely- Rajasmand, Amet, Bhim, Deogarh, Khamnor,Kumbhalgarh, and RailmangraofRajasamd district. The sample were analysed for various Physio- chemical parameters like-Electrical Conductivity(EC), pH, Total Hardness (TH), Dissolved Solids-Total (TDS), Sodium (Na+1) Potassium(K+1), Calcium (Ca+2), Magnesium (Mg+2), Chloride (Cl-1), Sulphate (SO4-2), Carbonate (CO3-2 ), Bicarbonate (HCO32), Nitrate(NO3-1) , Fluoride (F), the result of water quality parameters was compared with IS:10500-2012 drinking water specification. The finding of results indicates that the level of the certain parameters like TDS, TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, NO3, andF exceed the limits of ground water stipulated by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). As per the observations, we must say that it may be possible that one of the egregious sourcesto polluting ground water in the region is marble mining and its allied activities. The present study is based on the sample collected and tested in the laboratory and it is an attempt to determine the physio- chemical characteristics of ground water in the marble mining area of the Rajasamand district in Rajasthan state of India.